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THE  LIBRARY 

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THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 


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CRATER  LAKE 

Nattionad    Pa^rk 


-XV 


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I  UNITED  STATES  RAILROAD  ADMINISTRATION 


N  AT  IONAL  PARK. 


Reflections  stand  out  distinctly  in  water  that  gleams  as  though  glazed  by  the  sun 


Looking  "Over  the  Top' 


Page     two 


-         ,  < 

An    Appreciation   o i 

("rater    Lake  National   Park 

By  WINSTON  CHURCHILL,  Author  of  The  Crisis,"  "Richard  Carvel,"  "The  Crossing,"  etc. 

Written  Especially  for  the  United  States  Railroad  Administration 

T  IS  not  so  man>  years  ago  that  I  left  San  Francisco  with  a  case  of 
rods,  bound  foi  Crater  Lake  in  Oregon.  What  I  had  heard  about 
the  place  had  filled  me  with  awe  and  expectation,  tempered  by  a 
little  skepticism.  1  was  personally  conducted  by  patriotic  and  hos- 
pitable Oregonians  who  met  me  in  sight  of  the  fountains  of  Klamath, 
put  me  in  a  motor  car  and  sped  me  northward  through  great  forests  and  across 
wide  prairies  which  once,  not  long  since,  had  been  an  almost  inaccessible 
wilderness.  The  immensity  of  the  extinct  volcano  whither  we  were  bound, 
that  in  prehistoric  times  had  strewn  the  entire  countryside  with  powdered 
stone,  was  hard  to  grasp. 

It  was  July.  We  climbed  the  wooded  slopes  to  the  snows,  forged  through 
the  melting  drifts  to  the  very  lip  of  the  crater  and  suddenly  looked  down  upon 
a  scene  celebrated  in  Indian  myth,  and  unique  in  all  America.  Some 
thousand  feet  below  us  lay  a  bottomless  crystal  lake,  six  miles  across 
dotted  with  black  volcanic  islands.  My  delight  in  the  grandeur  of  this  view, 
it  must  be  confessed,  was  heightened  by  the  knowledge  that  the  lake  was  in- 
habited by  large  rainbow  trout  which  would  rise  to  the  fly.  After  leaving  our 
bags  in  one  of  the  comfortable  tents  which  the  government  provides,  and  eat- 
ing a  hurried  lunch  in  the  big  dining  room,  we  took  our  rods  and  started  down 
the  trail.  It  is  quite  safe,  but  new  in  the  experience  of  a  sportsman  from  the 
East;  and  I  took  the  snow  slopes  gingerly,  put  to  shame  by  a  twelve-year-old 
daughter  of  Oregon  who  romped  down  ahead  of  me,  careless  of  the  precipice 
below.  And  when  at  last  we  were  afloat,  one  recalled  the  Indian  legend  that 
he  who  attempts  to  swim  in  this  water  is  never  heard  of  again.  The  boat  was 
gliding — over  nothing.  The  water  was  as  clear  as  air.  Leaning  dizzily  over 
the  side  of  the  boat,  we  saw  the  walls  of  the  crater  going  down  and  down  into 
the  bowels  of  the  earth,  and  rainbow  trout  gliding  below  us,  apparently,  in  a 
medium  like  air.  Above  us  the  walls  seemed  to  reach  to  the  sky  itself.  But 
presently,  when  we  had  begun  to  fish,  the  clouds  gathered  and  shut  out  the  sky, 
in  the  midst  of  the  summer  afternoon  darkness  set  in,  thunder  rolled  and  lightning 
played.  It  was  a  scene  comparable  only  to  something  imagined  by  Dante  in 
his  Inferno. 

The  rain  pelted  down,  the  lake  grew  white — but  the  fish  rose.  Trout  after 
trout  took  the  flies,  and  when  the  sky  cleared  our  arms  were  tired  from  play- 
ing them.  The  sun  was  setting.  I  made  one  last  cast,  near  a  bleak  island, 
with  a  brown  hackle.  It  was  followed  by  that  indescribable  sensation  of 
pure  joy  when  a  great  fish  gurgles  on  the  surface,  when  the  fisherman  feels 
the  first  frantic  tug  and  hears  the  singing  of  the  reel.  My  rod  weighed  four 
ounces,  and  the  trout  at  least  eight  pounds.  He  leaped,  and  leaped  again. 
Twilight  came  on.  For  half  an  hour  I  played  him,  reeling  him  up  to  the 
boat  only  to  see  him  rush  away  again:  it  became  a  question  of  staying  down  all 
night  in  the  crater — or  leaving  him,  since  at  night  we  could  not  have  traced 
the  trail.  Reluctantly  I  left  him.  For  when  I  tried  to  drown  him  by  towing 
he  snapped  the  leader  and  was  free. 

We  had  all  the  fish  we  cared  to  carry  up  the  steep  slope.  But  many  times 
since  I  have  thought  of  that  trout,  and  I  have  never  abandoned  my  intention 
to  go  back  to  Crater  Lake  some  day  and  get  him. 


Page    f/iree 


iiiniiiiiiimiim 


To  the  American  People: 

Uncle  Sam  asks  you  to  be  his  guest.  He  has  prepared  for  you  the 
choice  places  of  this  continent — places  of  grandeur,  beauty  and  of 
wonder.  He  has  built  roads  through  the  deep-cut  canyons  and  beside 
happy  streams,  which  will  carry  you  into  these  places  in  comfort,  and 
has  provided  lodgings  and  food  in  the  most  distant  and  inaccessible 
places  that  you  might  enjoy  yourself  and  realize  as  little  as  possible 
the  rigors  of  the  pioneer  traveler's  life.  These  are  for  you.  They  are 
the  playgrounds  of  the  people.  To  see  them  is  to  make  more  hearty 
your  affection  and  admiration  for  America. 


Secretary  of  the  Interior 


Crater  Lake  National  Park 


IRATER  LAKE  National 

Park  is  in  southwestern 
Oregon,  on  the  crest  of  the 
Cascade  Range,  sixty  miles 
north  of  the  California  line, 
midway  between  San  Francisco  and 
Portland.  It  contains  249  square  miles. 
The  elevation  varies  from  5,000  to 
9,000  feet  above  sea  level.  The  Park 
is  a  broad  and  timbered  plateau  sur- 
mounted by  numerous  volcanic  peaks, 
among  them  Scott  Peak,  Timber 
Crater,  Desert  Cone,  Red  Cone,  Crater 
Peak  and  Union  Peak.  Crater  Lake, 
weird  and  mysterious,  lies  in  their 
midst  near  the  center  of  the  Park,  and 
is,  as  its  name  implies,  a  lake  in  the  ex- 
tinct crater  of  a  volcano.  It  was  not 
discovered  by  white  men  until  1853, 
and  today  is  recognized  as  one  of  the 
greatest  of  scenic  and  most  striking  of 
geologic  spectacles. 

All  of  our  great  national  play- 
grounds have  their  distinctive  beauties; 
each  is  different  in  great  measure  in 
the  sublimity  and  attractiveness  of  its 
natural  grandeur,  but  Crater  Lake 
stands  alone  in  this:  that  all  likeness  to 
any  familiar  landscape  here  ceases. 

Other  lands  have  their  crater  lakes 
— Italy,  India  and  Hawaii — and  there 
are  some  craters  in  this  country  that 
contain  miniature  lakes;  but  there  is 
only  one  really  great  caldera  of  this 


kind  in  the  world — only  one  immense 
basin  apparently  formed  through  the 
complete  melting  by  intense  heat  of  the 
entire  core  of  a  great  volcano,  and  the 
falling  in  and  utter  disappearance 
through  subterranean  caverns  of  its 
massive  bulk. 

That  perpetual  desolation  —  the 
nightmare  of  a  Dante — should  follow 
such  a  cataclysm  would  be  expected; 
that  aeons  of  time  and  the  mystical 
workings  of  Nature  have  transformed 
the  devastation  to  a  dream-picture,  will 
be  a  continual  boon  to  the  sightseer. 

The  titanic  convulsion  that  formed 
this  remarkable  beauty-spot  no  human 
eye  witnessed.  Geologists  have  con- 
cluded that  ages  ago,  in  the  great  chain 
of  volcanic  mountain  peaks  which  to- 
day extends  from  Washington  to  Cali- 
fornia— among  them  Mt.  Rainier,  Mt. 
Hood,  Mt.  Adams,  Mt.  Jefferson, 
Three  Sisters,  Mt.  McLoughlin,  Mt. 
Shasta  and  Lassen  Peak — there  tow- 
ered one,  which  has  been  called  Mount 
Mazama,  that  may  have  topped  the 
tallest  of  its  fellows.  Judging  from  the 
pitch  of  the  remnants  of  its  outer  slopes, 
scientists  conclude  with  reasonable  cer- 
tainty that,  if  reconstructed,  its  snow- 
clad  peak  would  rise  from  seven  to 
eight  thousand  feet  above  its  broken 
rim.  Mazama  stands  today  an  un- 
crowned king,  shorn  of  its  diadem  of 


Page     four 


The  Phantom  Ship,  which  disappears  illusively  with  shif  tings  of  light  and  shadow 


burning  gold  and  glittering  silver,  yet 
holding  within  its  heart  a  treasure  the 
rarest  in  the  world — a  beautiful  lake, 
the  deepest  of  all  lakes,  with  waters 
the  bluest  of  all  blue  waters.  And  this 
is  Crater  Lake! 


Mount  Mazama  if  reconstructed 

Crater  Lake  is  almost  circular,  vary- 
ing from  five  to  six  miles  in  diameter. 
Its  known  depth  is  2,000  feet  and  it  is 
believed  to  be  the  deepest  body  of 
fresh  water  in  the  world.  Its  surface  is 
6,177  feet  above  the  sea.  It  has  no 
inlet  or  outlet,  being  fed  by  springs  and 
winter  snows;  its  water  escapes  by  un- 
derground channels,  reappearing  as 
springs  in  the  Klamath  region,  a  few 
miles  away.  It  is  completely  girdled 
by  precipitous  cliffs  and  steep  talus 
slopes  that  fall  sharply  downward  from 
its  rim  2,000  to  600  feet  to  the  water's 
edge.  Closely  encircling  it  rise  many 
high  peaks,  notably  Llao  Rock,  The 
Watchman,  and  Cloud  Cap;  also  Gla- 
cier, Garfield  and  Vidae  Peaks. 


The  Discovery  of  Crater  Lake 

Surrounded  by  canyons,  ravines  and 
pinnacled  rocks,  and  belted  by  a  wil- 
derness of  boulder-strewn  forests,  the 
region  for  years  was  inaccessible,  and 
unexpored  except  by  the  more  venture- 
some who  were  attracted  by  stories  of 
the  Indians  of  this  mystery  lake  in  its 
fantastic  setting.  Yet  its  discovery  was 
accidental;  it  occurred  in  1853  while 
an  exploring  party  was  searching  in  the 
Cascade  Mountains  for  the  famous  Lost 
Cabin  Mine.  The  mine  they  did  not 
find,  nor  has  it  ever  been  found,  but 
instead  they  came  upon  this  beautiful 
lake  in  the  crater. 

"Suddenly  we  came  in  sight  of 
water,"  writes  J.  W.  Hillman,  the 
leader  of  the  party.  "We  were  much 
surprised,  as  we  did  not  expect  to  see 
any  lakes,  and  did  not  know  but  that 
we  had  come  in  sight  of  and  close  to 
Klamath  Lake.  Not  till  my  mule 
stopped  within  a  few  feet  of  the  rim 
of  the  lake  did  I  look  down,  and  if  I 
had  been  riding  a  blind  mule  I  firmly 
believe  I  would  have  ridden  over  the 
edge  to  death." 

A  dispute  arose  over  the  choice  of  a 
name,  the  party  dividing  between 
Mysterious  Lake  and  Deep  Blue  Lake. 


Page     five 


Motorboating  and  fishing  in  the  heart  of  an  extinct  volcano  is  novel  sport 


The  advocates  of  Deep  Blue  Lake  won 
the  vote,  but  in  1  869  a  visiting  party 
renamed  it  Crater  Lake,  and  this  by 
natural  right  became  its  title. 

First  View  of  Crater  Lake  and  Its 
Brilliant  Coloring 

The  first  sight  of  Crater  Lake  is  well- 
nigh  bewildering.  Unless  looked  into 
from  the  rim  it  is  invisible.  Wonder- 
ment at  the  height  and  steepness  of  its 
encircling  cliffs  succeeds  the  first  as- 
tonishment; admiration  of  the  loveli- 
ness of  its  coloring  next  enthralls  the 
beholder  in  the  sequence  of  impres- 
sions. Its  unique  beauty  lies  in  no 
small  measure  in  its  coloring,  the  bril- 
liance of  which  if  reproduced  in  paint- 
ing or  print  would  seem  exaggerated 
and  impossible  to  those  who  have  not 
seen  the  reality.  Nowhere  else  is 
there  such  an  azure.  One  feels  that 
a  glass  of  its  water  would  show  blue 
as  if  stained  with  cobalt,  but  it  is  clear 
as  crystal  and  as  pure.  The  deeper 
parts  are  a  brilliant  ultramarine,  shad- 
ing to  turquoise  in  the  shallower 
reaches,  and  to  light  jade  green  in  the 
few  indented  coves  around  the  shore. 
A  hundred  feet  down  the  glaze  of  a 
plate  is  plainly  discernible.  The  sur- 


roundings help  the  brilliance  of  the 
blue;  the  rocks  are  of  metallic  hues;  the 
peaks  of  the  rim  are  often  snow  cov- 
ered; the  lava  gray  of  the  steep 
scarred  walls  is  mottled  and  splotched 
with  bright  yellows  and  reds,  markings 
left  by  volcanic  action  long  ago,  and 
always  there  is  the  dark  green  of  the 
pines  and  firs  and  shrubs  that  grow 
on  these  declivities  wherever  they  find 
root-hold.  The  waters  are  usually 
placid,  gleaming  as  though  glazed  by 
the  sun,  and  in  this  mirror  of  Nature 
the  reflections  stand  out  with  astound- 
ing distinctness. 

Of  this  feature  of  Crater  Lake,  Joa- 
quin  Miller  wrote:  "Fancy  a  sea  of 
sapphire  set  about  by  a  compact  circle 
of  the  grizzly  rock  of  Yosemite.  It  is 
great,  great;  but  it  takes  you  days  to 
see  how  great.  It  lies  2,000  feet  under 
you,  and  as  it  reflects  its  walls  so  per- 
fectly that  you  cannot  tell  the  wall 
from  the  reflection,  in  the  intensely 
blue  water,  you  have  a  continuous  un- 
broken circular  wall  of  twenty-four 
miles  to  contemplate  at  a  glance,  all  of 
which  lies  2,000  feet,  and  seems  to  lie 
4.000  feet,  below.  Yet  so  bright,  so 
intensely  blue  is  the  lake  that  it  seems 
at  times,  from  some  points  of  view,  to 
lift  right  in  your  face." 


Page     8 i X 


Wizard  Island — A  crater  within  a  crater 


The  Legend  of  the  Indians 

According  to  the  legend  of  the  Kla- 
maths  and  Modocs  the  mystic  land  of 
Gaywas  was  the  domain  of  the  power- 
ful demon  Llao,  whose  throne  was  on 
Llao  Rock.  His  warriors  were  gigan- 
tic crawfish  which  swarmed  the  lake, 
and  with  their  great  claws  seized  all 
who  dared  to  appear  on  the  cliffs 
above.  The  spirit  chieftain  Skell,  of  the 
neighboring  Klamath  Marshes,  waged 
bitter  war  against  Llao,  but  Skell 
eventually  was  captured,  and  his  heart, 
torn  from  his  body,  was  given  by  Llao 
to  his  minions  who  used  it  as  a  ball, 
hurling  it  from  cliff  to  cliff  with  their 
claws. 

One  of  Skell's  watchful  eagles  sud- 
denly swooped  down  and  caught  the 
heart  in  mid-air,  passing  it  to  a  fleet- 
footed  antelope,  which  carried  it  to 
safety.  Then  miraculously  the  body 
of  Skell  grew  about  his  heart,  and  he 
again  waged  war  against  his  enemy. 
He  captured  Llao  and  upon  the  highest 
cliff  cut  his  body  into  quarters,  which 
he  cast  into  ths  lake  where  they  were 
eaten  by  Llao's  monsters  under  the  be- 
lief that  it  was  Skell's  body.  But  when 
Llao's  head  was  thrown  in  they  recog- 
nized it  and  would  not  eat  it.  So  Llao's 
head  still  lies  in  the  lake  and  white  men 


call  it  Wizard  Island,  one  of  the  small 
islands  that  rise  from  its  depths  today. 
The  Indians,  even  today,  look  upon  the 
face  of  Crater  Lake  with  uneasiness  and 


awe. 


Wizard  Island 


The  geological  history  of  Wizard  Island  is 
fully  as  remarkable  as  that  ascribed  to  it  by 
the  Indian  legend.  It  was  built  up  from  the 
floor  of  Mount  Mazama's  crater  by  expiring 
volcanic  forces,  and  is  today  a  perfectly  pre- 
served cinder  zone  rising  800  feet  above  the 
surface  of  the  lake.  It  lies  close  to  the  cliffs 
on  the  western  shore  of  the  lake,  and  its  ap- 
pearance, when  looked  down  upon  from  the 
rim,  is  one  of  the  curious  sights  that  fill  the 
beholder  with  wonder.  Soundings  show  that 
several  other  peaks  of  like  nature  rise  from 
great  depths  in  the  lake  but  do  not  come 
within  some  hundred  feet  of  the  surface, 
forming  a  submerged  range  of  miniature 
crater  mountains.  A  trail  has  been  built  to 
the  edge  of  Wizard  Island's  crater,  which  is 
500  feet  across  the  top  and  100  feet  deep; 
a  trail  also  leads  to  the  bottom.  The  western 
half  of  Wizard  Island  is  a  rough  lava  bed, 
and  in  one  of  its  hollows  is  a  dark  pool 
known  as  the  Witch's  Cauldron.  Thus  Wiz- 
ard Island  is  doubly  remarkable,  being  in 
fact  a  crater  within  a  crater  and  containing 
a  pool  within  a  lake.  Skell  Channel  sep- 
arates Wizard  Island  from  the  mainland.  The 
lake's  superb  reflections  are  seen  to  fine  ad- 
vantage from  the  island. 

The  Phantom  Ship 

The    picturesque    Phantom    Ship  lies    near 

the    southern    shore    of    the    lake    a  few    rods 

from    the   base   of   Dutton    Cliff.      It  is   a   high 


Page     seven 


a  of 


craggy  up-thrust  of  curiously  sculptured  lava; 
a  mass  of  bronze  and  yellow  spires  and  tur- 
rets showing  almost  a  goblin  fantasy  of  con- 
struction. At  a  distance  its  outline  resembles 
a  sailing  ship — hence  its  name.  The  illusion 
at  dusk  or  in  the  moonlight  is  striking.  Ap- 
proaching it  in  certain  slants  of  light  the 
Phantom  Ship,  when  seen  against  the  cor- 
rugated background  of  Dutton  Cliff,  sud- 
denly disappears  and  is  exceedingly  difficult 
to  again  "pick  up" — a  phantom  ship  indeed, 
in  which  the  Ancient  Mariner  might  well 
delight. 

Trail  from  Crater  Lake  Lodge  to  Eagle  Cove 

A  new  trail  of  very  easy  grade  has  been 
constructed,  leading  from  the  rim  at  Crater 
Lake  Lodge  to  the  water  at  Eagle  Cove,  a 
descent  of  about  1,000  feet  and  a  little  over 
a  mile  in  distance.  Horses  and  burros  can 
be  used  if  desired,  but  the  low  grading  of 
the  trail  makes  the  walk  delightful,  the  acces- 
sibility of  the  lake  adding  greatly  to  the 
enjoyment  of  visitors.  This  charming  walk, 
zigzagging  in  easy  stretches  down  the  heavily 
timbered  slope,  contrasts  strangely  with  the 
belief  expressed  by  the  party  of  explorers 
who  discovered  the  lake,  that  "its  shore-line 
would  never  be  touched  by  the  foot  of  man." 
But  when  you  consider  that  an  eighteen-foot 
launch  crossing  the  lake  is  harder  to  "spot" 
than  an  aeroplane  flying  3,000  feet  over- 
head, and  that  a  rowboat  is  undiscernible. 
some  idea  may  be  had  of  the  beliefs  and 
disbeliefs  that  Crater  Lake  readily  suggests. 
Unusual  Fishing;  Motorboats  and  Rowboat* 
The  cold  and  crystal-clear  water  of  Crater 
Lake  originally  contained  no  fish  of  any  kind 
except  a  species  of  small  crawfish. 

In    1888,    Mr.   William   G.   Steel,    now  U.    S. 
Commissioner   for  the   Park,    was   the   first   to 


stock  the  waters  with  trout,  but  no  fish  were 
seen  in  the  lake  for  twelve  years;  then  a  few 
were  taken,  one  measuring  30  inches.  Since 
then  trout  of  the  gamiest  have  been  caught  in 
ever-increasing  numbers;  preferably  by  fly- 
casting  from  vantage  points  along  the  shore, 
and  also  by  trolling  with  spoon  from  row- 
boats.  Fish  weighing  five  and  ten  pounds 
are  frequently  caught. 

In  Crater  Lake,  five  fish  per  person  a  day, 
and  in  all  other  waters  in  the  park  twenty 
fish  per  person,  is  the  limit.  There  is  good 
fishing  in  Anna  Creek  below  Dewie  Falls,  as 
well  as  in  neighboring  streams.  The  fishing 
season  is  from  July  1st  to  September  30th, 
unless  otherwise  ordered  by  the  Superintend- 
ent of  the  Park.  No  license  is  required. 

Launch  Trips — A  Cruise  Around  the  Lake 
At  Eagle  Cove,  motorboats   and  rowloats  are 
provided  for  boating  or  fishing  parties;  guides 
are  also  available  for  those  who  desire  them. 

Trips  to  Wizard  Island  are  made  by  launch 
on  regular  schedules  daily,  and  special  trips 
can  be  arranged  for,  by  the  hour,  skirting 
the  Phantom  Ship  and  nearby  cliffs. 

The  striking  features  of  the  crater's  rim 
can  best  be  seen  by  making  a  circuit  of  the 
lake  along  its  edge.  It  reveals  in  a  thousand 
changes  the  twisted  and  contorted  lava  for- 
mations, and  is  a  moving  picture  of  twenty- 
five  miles  of  nature's  wierdest  film.  This 
close-up  view  of  the  aftermath  of  Mazama 
will  never  be  forgotten. 

From  Eagle  Cove  the  launch  heads  east, 
rounding  Eagle  Point,  with  Garfield  Peak 
towering  high  overhead;  then  crosses  Chaski 
Bay,  where  Vidae  Cliff  rises  2,000  feet  above, 
lust  beyond,  Dutton  Cliff  looks  from  its  dizzv 
height  on  the  Phantom  Ship,  the  launch 


P  a  69    eight 


IPLi 


ircling  shores 

skirting  its  sculptured  sides  \vith  its  maze  of 
lava  rigging.  Kerr  Notch,  just  beyond  Dut- 
ton  Cliff,  on  Danger  Bay,  is  the  lowest  point 
on  the  crater  rim,  600  feet  above  the  water. 
Sentinel  Rock  is  the  next  peak  outstanding 
on  the  wall  above,  and  then  follows  Cloud 
Cap,  2,070  feet  above  the  shore.  Skell  Head, 
suggesting  Indian  legends,  appears  on  the 
southern  point  of  Grotto  Cove,  where  is  seen 
The  Wineglass,  high  on  its  northern  cliff,  a 
strange  rock-slide  shaped  like  a  huge  goblet 
and  tinted  as  with  winestain.  Round  Top,  the 
Palisades  and  Rugged  Crest  are  passed  along 
the  northeast  shore,  and  below  Rugged  Crest 
is  Cleetwood  Cove,  where  the  last  great  lava 
flow  occurred. 

But  what  strange  sights  have  been  un- 
folded in  this  half-circuit  of  the  lake!  Where 
can  their  like  be  seen?  Contorted,  twisted 

shapes the   deformity  of  nature   in   its  every 

phase.  Dark  caverns  piercing  flame- 
scorched  walls  that  over-hang  in  jagged 
masses  streaked  with  charred  reds  and  sul- 
phur-yellows; gorges  packed  with  winter 
snows  that  gleam  like  diamonds  in  jet  set- 
tings  snows  unmelted  since  their  fall,  with 

solid  ice  foundations,  for  sunshine  has  never 
reached  their  rock-bound  depths.  And  all 
around  them  is  the  bright  green  glaze  of 
needled  pine  boughs,  drooping  and  waving 
in  the  breeze  from  trunks  that  slant  at  every 

angle the      growth      of      centuries.         Surely 

Nature,  to  sooth  Mazama's  wrath,  has  beauti- 
fied its  scars  with  dressings  most  sublime. 

Rounding  Pumice  Point  the  launch  glides 
into  Steel  Bay  and  then  skirts  Llao  Rock,  one 
of  the  most  striking  summits  on  the  rim.  Just 
north  of  Llao  Rock  is  a  mile  of  desolation, 
The  Devil's  Backbone,  carved  and  ridged  and 
lacerated  as  though  by  the  whips  of  demons. 


Eagles  soar  and  pelicans  flap  from  rock  to 
rock,  and  over  all  shines  the  brilliant  sum- 
mer sunshine  from  an  azure  sky  that  is  re- 
flected and  thrown  back  from  Crater  Lake's 
profound  depths  in  an  ultra-blue  that  chal- 
lenges the  heavens.  Approaching  Skell 
Channel,  Glacier  Peak  looms  high  above  the 
rim  and  The  Watchman  rears  over  Wizard 
Island's  cinder  cone  surrounded  by  its  arm- 
shaped  lava  flows  and  rising  like  an  octopus 
from  the  waters.  The  high-pitched  roofs  and 
gray  walls  of  Crater  Lake  Lodge  appear  as  a 
dot  above,  as  the  launch  heads  for  Eagle 
Cove,  and  one  of  the  most  singular  and  spec- 
tacular of  boat  trips  is  ended. 

The  Rim  Road — A  Skyline  Boulevard 
The  Rim  Road  entirely  encircles  Crater 
Lake  a  distance  of  35  miles,  winding  around 
the  base  of  the  chain  of  peaks  and  crags  that 
hedge  its  outer  slopes;  it  is  unique  among 
skyline  drives.  From  Cloud  Cap  on  the  east- 
ern shore  to  The  Watchman  on  the  western 
side  of  the  lake,  a  distance  of  2  I  miles,  it  is 
in  good  condition.  The  remaining  1 4  miles 
connecting  Cloud  Cap  with  The  Watchman, 
around  the  northern  end  of  the  lake,  is  being 
improved  and  surfaced.  This  work  is  pro- 
gressing rapidly  and  the  expectation  is  that 
the  road  will  be  open,  except  possibly  for 
short  periods,  the  present  year.  In  this  cir- 
cular tour  the  vistas  of  the  lake  are  every- 
where superb  and  the  surrounding  mountain 
views  are  seen  to  excellent  advantage. 

The  Pinnacles — Sand  Creek  Canyon 
The  Pinnacles  are  reached  by  following 
the  Rim  Road  from  Crater  Lake  Lodge  for 
about  ten  miles,  thence  three  miles  down 
Sand  Creek  Canycn.  Here  stand  a  jumble  of 
giant  monoliths  crowding  the  canyon  sides,  carved 
by  the  winds  and  the  rains  of  centuries  into  fan- 


P  a  g  e    nine 


Crater  Lake  Lodge  stands  near   the  rim  and  overlooking  the  Lake. 


tastic  forms.  There  are  hundreds  of  these  sharp 
pointed  figures,  some  of  them  over  100  feet  in 
height,  rising  like  the  wraiths  of  a  forest  turned  to 
stone.  By  moonlight  their  gray  ghost-like 
appearance  borders  on  the  uncanny. 

Dewie  Canyon  and  Garden  of  the  Gods 
From  Anna  Spring  Camp,  five  miles  south 
of  Crater  Lake  Lodge,  the  road  leads  east- 
ward a  few  miles  along  the  northern  wall  of 
Dewie  Canyon,  a  timbered  gorge  cut  out  of 
the  solid  rock,  its  sides  a  silent  testimony  of 
its  violent  formation.  At  the  head  of  the 
canyon  are  Dewie  Falls,  foaming  cataracts 
which  give  the  canyon  its  name,  Dewie  being 
an  Indian  word  signifying  falling  waters. 
And  here  lies  another  Garden  of  the  Gods, 
with  its  picturesque  crags  and  towering 
pines,  and  meadows  set  about  with  paint 
brush,  lupines  and  anemones. 

Anna  Creek  Canyon 

From  twelve  to  fifteen  miles  south  of  The 
Lodge,  on  the  Fort  Klamath  Road,  the  drive 
for  eight  miles  overlooks  Anna  Creek  Can- 
yon, with  many  fine  views  three  or  four  hun- 
dred feet  into  its  depths.  The  canyon  dis- 
plays the  curious  columns  and  other  gro- 
tesque forms  characteristic  of  this  entire 
volcanic  region,  though  each  of  these  picture- 
gorges  is  distinctive  in  some  new  shuffling  of 
Ma/ama's  magic  deck. 

Easy  Mountaineering 

Crater  Lake  National  Park  offers  the 
mountain  climber  a  novel  field  and  many 
heights,  some  of  which  can  be  reached  with- 
out great  exertion;  good  horse  trails  and 
roads  available  for  autos  lead  to  several 
prominent  summits.  Union  Peak  and  Scott 
Peak  are  perhaps  the  most  remarkable. 


Union  Peak,  7,698  feet  above  sea  level,  is 
about  ten  miles  southwest  of  Crater  Lake 
Lodge,  and  can  be  reached  by  saddle  animals 
to  within  a  quarter  of  a  mile  of  its  conical 
top.  The  last  700  feet  is  very  steep,  but  the 
footing  is  secure.  Unlike  most  of  the 
mountains  in  this  region,  Union  Peak  is  not 
a  cinder  cone,  but  the  solid  core  of  an  ancient 
volcano.  The  view  embraces  the  entire  park. 
The  trail  to  Bald  Top  extends  beyond  Union 
Peak  three  miles,  but  it  is  very  rough  and 
steep.  Scott  Peak,  8,938  feet,  is  to  the  east, 
twenty-two  miles  from  Crater  Lake  Lodge, 
and  rises  700  feet  above  any  other  point  in 
the  vicinity  of  Crater  Lake  It  is  reached  by 
auto  to  Cloud  Cap,  thence  two  miles  by  foot 
trail.  There  is  an  excellent  trail  to  the  top 
of  Garfield  Peak,  8,060  feet,  one  and  a 
quarter  miles  east  of  The  Lodge.  It  can  be 
made  by  foot  or  saddle  animal.  From  its 
summit,  which  overlooks  the  lake,  can  be 
seen  the  Klamath  Lake  region  to  the  south 
and  the  green  valley  of  the  Wood  River.  The 
lofty  snow-capped  peaks  of  Mt.  McLoughlin 
and  Mt.  Shasta  loom  beyond.  Mount  Thiel- 
son,  9,  I  78  feet,  and  Diamond  Lake  are  seen 
to  the  north  of  Crater  Lake,  a  region  which 
it  is  proposed  to  include  in  a  Greater  Crater 
Lake  National  Park. 

The  Watchman,  five  miles  north  of  The 
Lodge,  and  Glacier  Peak,  8,156  feet,  six  miles 
north  and  the  highest  peak  on  the  rim,  are 
on  the  east  side  of  the  lake,  and  each  is 
reached  by  auto  and  easy  foot  trails.  Vidae 
Cliff,  on  the  rim,  rises  three  miles  east  of 
The  Lodge,  and  has  a  good  horse  trail  to  the 
top,  distance  seven  miles. 

A  complete  list  of  the  principal  points  of 
interest,  with  heights  and  distances,  is  shown 
on  another  page. 


Page     ten 


Horse  trails   lead  to   mountain  heights  and   to  many  vantage  points    upon  the   rim. 


Wild  Animals  and  Game 

The  Park  abounds  in  black  and  brown 
bear,  blacktail  deer,  pine  marten,  porcupine; 
also  grouse,  pheasants  and  numerous  varie- 
ties of  birds.  Deer  and  bear  are  more  plenti- 
ful each  year  and  are  becoming  quite  tame. 
Firearms  in  the  Park  afe  not  permitted. 
Cougar,  lynx,  timber  wolves  and  coyotes  are 
seen  occasionally  and  are  being  exterminated 
by  the  ranger  force. 

Scenic  Approaches  to  Crater  Lake  by  Medford 
and  by  Klamath  Falls 

The  approaches  to  Crater  Lake  National 
Park  are  from  the  railroad  stations  of  Med- 
ford, Ore.,  and  Klamath  Falls,  Ore.  The  dis- 
tance from  Medford  by  auto  is  81  miles; 
from  Klamath  Falls  62  miles,  and  these  ap- 
proaches constitute  no  little  charm  of  the 
Crater  Lake  trip,  for  each  drive  traverses  a 
country  of  much  diversity  in  scenic  attrac- 
tiveness. 

Crater  Lake  affords  a  most  interesting  side 
trip  for  tourists  to  or  from  California. 

THE     MEDFORD     APPROACH:       From 

Medford,  the  chief  city  of  the  Rogue  River 
Valley,  the  auto  road  leads  northeastward 
through  miles  of  orchard  country.  Gradu- 
ally the  highway  climbs  out  of  the  valley  into 
the  wooded  foothills  and  as  it  leads  up  the 
gorge  of  the  Rogue  River  the  scenery  takes 
on  a  wilder  aspect.  Among  anglers  the  fast- 
flowing  Rogue  is  noted  for  its  hard-fighting 
steelhead  and  rainbow  trout.  The  river 
here  runs  like  a  thief  and  twists  like  a  rogue, 
but  its  waters  are  white  with  rapids,  the  name 
being  derived  from  its  ruddy  bed  and  given 
it  by  those  French  Canadian  voyageurs — the 
Riviere  Rouge,  or  red  river. 

Higher  up  the  canyon,  in  the  deepest  wil- 
derness, thunder  the  great  Falls  of  the  Rogue 


a'nd  farther  up  its  course  the  river  is  spanned 
by  a  natural  bridge  of  lava,  a  hundred  feet 
across.  At  Rogue-Elk,  thirty-six  miles  from 
Medford,  lunch  is  served,  and  the  drive  is 
resumed,  passing  through  the  greatest  forest 
of  yellow  pine  in  the  world,  with  many  firs, 
yews,  larches  and  cedars.  Climbing  into  the 
Cascades  the  view  covers  far-reaching  vistas 
of  densely  wooded  heights.  As  the  road 
leaves  the  Rogue  River  it  turns  eastward  up 
the  canyon  of  Castle  Creek  and  crosses  the 
western  boundary  of  the  Park.  Ahead  is  a 
cluster  of  sloping  peaks,  rising  1,000  feet 
above  the  general  level  of  the  range,  and  as 
the  road  winds  upward  to  the  crest  below — 
like  a  glittering  jewel  in  a  sunken  setting — 
lies  Crater  Lake. 

THE    KLAMATH    FALLS    APPROACH: 

Klamath  Falls  is  the  center  of  the  "Klamath 
Country"  and  is  situated  on  the  banks  of  the 
Link  River,  about  a  mile  from  Upper  Klam- 
ath Lake.  It  is  in  a  region  full  of  the  charm 
of  mountain  and  forest,  much  of  it  still  a 

wilderness a      fitting      gateway      for      Crater 

Lake  National  Park.  Its  marshes  are  breed- 
ing-grounds for  wild  fowl;  its  clear  streams 
are  full  of  fighting  trout;  in  its  forests  roam 
deer,  bear  and  cougars.  Crystal  River, 
Cherry  Creek,  Wood  River,  Odessa  Creek, 
Williamson  River,  Spring  Creek  and  Sprague 
River  are  a  few  of  the  trout  streams,  well 
known  to  anglers,  that  enter  the  upper  lake. 
Pelican  Bay  is  a  favorite  trolling  ground. 

The  auto  road  leads  for  eigtheen  miles 
along  the  shores  of  Upper  Klamath  Lake, 
the  home  of  the  white  pelican.  The  lake  is 
twenty-five  miles  in  length  and  ten  miles  at 
its  greatest  width.  The  snow-capped  peak 
of  Mount  McLoughlin  rises  6,000  feet  above 
its  western  shore,  which  shows  tier  upon  tier 


Page     eleven 


Mount   McLaughlin   rears  to  the   west   on   the   Medford  road,,  and  rises    above    the    shore    of 

Upper  Klamath  Lake  on  the   Klamath   Falls  road. 
The  Falls  of  the  Rogue  River  on  the  Medford  road.  Mount  Shasta  looms  to  the  south  on  the  Klamath  Falls  road. 


of  heavily  timbered  ridges  that  hem  the  hori- 
zon. Passing  through  the  Klamath  Indian 
Agency  at  the  head  of  the  lake,  the  road  five 
miles  further  runs  through  Fort  Klamath, 
both  lying  in  a  broad  valley,  surrounded  by 
wooded  foothills.  As  the  grade  ascends,  the 
view  looking  back  is  a  revelation  in  land- 
scape loveliness.  Winding  upward  through 
heavier  timber  it  follows  Anna  Creek  Canyon 
to  Anna  Springs  Camp  at  the  Park  head- 
quarters, thence  five  miles  to  Crater  Lake 
Lodge  on  the  rim. 

Accommodations  Within  the  Park 

CRATER  LAKE  LODGE:  This  attractive 
hotel  constructed  mainly  of  gray  stone  stands 
in  the  pines  directly  on  the  southeastern  rim 
overlooking  the  lake,  1,000  feet  above  the 
water.  It  contains  sixty-four  rooms  and  af- 
fords comfortable  accommodations  and  good 
service.  It  has  ample  bathing  facilities  and 
fire  protection.  Around  the  large  open  fire- 
place in  its  lobby  visitors  each  evening  re- 
count their  day's  experiences,  and  anglers 
unreel  their  tales  of  the  fish  they  caught,  and 
of  the  fish  that  got  away. 

Tents  are  provided,  on  request,  for  those 
who  prefer  them,  meals  being  taken  at  The 
Lodge.  There  are  many  inviting  spots  on 
flower  dotted  meadows  around  the  lodge,  where 
beneath  the  pines  on  shaded  slopes  are  snow- 
banks, with  bright  snow-flowers  peeping 
through  their  melting  edges. 

ANNA  SPRING  CAMP:  At  the  park  head- 
quarters, at  Anna  Spring,  five  miles  south  of 
Crater  Lake  Lodge,  a  good  camp  is  main- 
tained. The  spring  gushes  from  the  moun- 
tainside at  the  head  of  Anna  Creek.  There 
is  a  general  store  here  (with  branch  at  The 
Lodge)  where  necessary  supplies  are  obtainable. 


Season 

The  1919  season  of  Crater  Lake  National  Pai 
extends  from  July  1st  to  September  30th. 

Park  Administration 

Crater  Lake  National  Park  is  under  the  juris- 
diction of  the  Director,  Na'ional  Park  Service, 
Department  of  the  Interior,  Washington,  D.  C. 
The    Park    Superintendent  is  located  at  Cra 
Lake,  Ore. 

How  to  Reach  Crater  Lake  National  Park 

Crater   Lake  National  Park  is  connected 
automobile  stages  of  the  Crater  Lake  Company 
with  the  railroad  stations  at  Medford,  Ore.,  a 
Klamath  Falls,  Ore. 

During  the  Park  season,  round-trip  excursi 
tickets  at  reduced  fares  are  sold  at  many  stations 
in  California  and  Oregon  to  Crater  Lake  National 
Park  as  a  destination.  Passengers  wishing  to 
visit  the  Park  as  a  side-trip  in  connection  with 
journeys  to  other  destinations  will  find  stop-over 
privileges  available  on  through  round-trip  and 
one-way  tickets,  and  may,  if  they  choose,  enter 
the  Park  via  Medford  and  leave  via  Klama 
Falls,  or  the  reverse. 

Storage  charges  on  baggage  will  be  waived  at 
railroad  statiors  at  Medford,  Klamath  Falls  or 
Weed,  or  at  Portland,  or  at  Sacramento,  Oak- 
land Pier,  San  Francisco  or  Los  Angeles,  for 
actual  length  of  time  consumed  by  passengers 
in  making  the  Crater  Lake  trip. 

Automobile-Stage  Rates 

The  Crater  Lake  Co.  will  operate  regular  daily  auto- 
mobile service  from  Medford,  and  Klamath  Falls.  Oregon, 
to  and  from  Crater  Lake  National  Park  at  the  following 
rates:  One  Round 

Way  Trip 

Medford  to  Crater  Lake $  8.50      $15.00 

Klamath  Falls  to  Crater  Lake 8.00         12.50 

Medford  to  Klamath  Falls,  via  Crater  Lake.    15.00      

Klamath  Falls  to  Medford.  via  Crater  Lake.    15.00      . 


W 

my 
ion 


Page     twelve 


Rates  at  Crater  Lake  Lodge 

Board  and  lodging  (lodging  in  tents),  one  person: 

Per  day  ...................................  $  3.50 

Per  week  ...................................    20.00 

Board  and  lodging,  two  or  more  persons  in  one  tent 
Per  day  ...............................  each 

Per  week  ..............................  each 


3.00 
17.50 
1.00 
.75 


Lodging  in  tents:      One  person,  per  night. 

Two  or  more  persons  in  one  tent,  per  night,  each 

Board  and  lodging  (lodging  in  hotel),  one  person: 

Per  day 4.00 

Per  week 22.50 

Board  and  lodging,  two  or  more  persons  in  one  room: 

Per  day each  3.50 

Per  week each  20.00 

Lodging  in  hotel:      One  person,  per  night 1.50 

Two  or  more  persons  in  one  room,  per  night, each  1 .25 

In  hotel  rooms,  with  hot  and  cold  water: 

Board  and  lodging,  one  person:  Per  day 4.50 

Per   week     25.00 

Board  and  lodging,  two  or  more  persons  in  room: 

Per  day each  4.00 

Per  week each  22.50 

Lodging:      One  person,  per  night 2.00 

Two  or  more  persons  in  one  room,  per 

night each  1.75 

Baths  (extra) — to  house  guests.  25  cents;  others.  .50 

Fires  in  rooms  (extra) 25 

Single  meals 1 .00 

Rates  at  Anna  Spring  Tent  Camp 

Board  and  lodging,  each  person:      Per  day $  2.50 

Per  week 15.00 

Meals:     Breakfast,  lunch  or  dinner 75 

Lodging:  One  person,  per    night 1 .00 

Children  under  10  years,  half  rates  at  lodge  or  camp. 

Automobile  Rates 

Fare  between  Anna  Spring  Camp  and  Crater  Lake 

Lodge:      One  way $     .50 

Round  Trip 1 .00 

Special  trips  will  be  made  when  parties  of  four  or 
more  are  made  up,  as  follows: 

Transportation,  per  mile,  within  the  park 10 

To  Anna  Creek  Canyon,  including  Dewie  Canyon 
and  Garden  of  the  Gods.  24-mile  trip,  for  each 
person 2.00 

Trip  around  the  Lake  on  rim  road,  side-trip  to  the 

Pinnacles,  and  picnic  lunch,  for  each  person. . .       5.00 

The  Sunset  Drive,  from  Crater  Lake  Lodge  to  sum- 
mit of  road  at  Watchman,  at  sunset.  10-mile 

trip,  for  each  person 1 .00 

Rates  for  Horses,  Burros  and  Pack  Animals 

Saddle  horses,  pack  animals  and  burros  (when  fur- 
nished): Per  hour $  .50 

Per  day 3.00 

Service  of  guide,  with  horse:      Per  hour 1 .00 

Per  day 6.00 

Launches  and  Rowboats 
Launch  Trips: 

Wizard  Island  and  return,  on  regular  schedule, 
launches  leaving  lake  shore  at  9  a.  m..  I  1  a.  m.. 

2  p.  m.,  and  5  p.  m.,  per  person $  .50 

Wizard  Island  and  return,  special  trip,  per  person      1 .00 
Around  Wizard  Island  and  Phantom  Ship  and 

return  (about  15  miles),  per  person 2.00 

Around  the  Lake,  per  person 2.50 

Rowboats:      Per  hour 50 

Per  day 2.50 

With  boat  puller,  per  hour 50 

With  detachable  motor,  per  hour 50 

Per  day 5.00 

U.  S.  Government  Publications 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  Gov- 
ernment Printing  Office,  Washington,  D.  C.  at 
prices  given.  Remittances  should  be  made  by 
money  order  or  in  cash: 
Geological  History  of  Crater  Lake,  by  J.  S.  Diller,  32 

pages.  28  illustrations.      10  cents. 
Forests  of  Crater  Lake  National  Park,   by  J.   F.   Pernot. 

40  pages.  26  illustrations.     20  cents. 
Panoramic  view  of  Crater  Lake  National  Park;     I6H  by 

18  inches.     25  cents. 
National   Parks  Portfolio,   by   Robert  Sterling  Yard.   260 

pages.    270    illustrations,  descriptive    of    nine    National 

Parks.  Pamphlet  edition.  35  cents;  book  edition,  55  cents. 

The    following    may  be    obtained    from    the 
Director  of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey, 
Washington,  D.  C.  at  price  given. 
Map  of  Crater  Lake  National  Park;  1 9  by  22  ins..  10  cents. 

The  following   publications  may  be  obtained 
free  on  written  application  to  the  Director  of  the 


National  Park  Service.  Washington,  D.  C..  or  by 
personal  application  to  the  office  of  the  superin 
tendent  of  the  park. 

Circular  of  General    Information    Regarding   Crater  Lake 

National  Park. 
Map   showing    location   of    National    Parks   and    National 

Monuments  and  railroad  routes  them.. 

U.  S.  R.  R.  Administration  Publications 
The    following    publications  may  be  obtained 

free   on   application    to  any  consolidated    ticket 

office ;  or  apply  to  the  Bureau  of  Service.  National 

Parks  and  Monuments,  or  Travel  Bureau — West- 
ern Lines  646 Transportation  Bldg  , Chicago.  111. : 

Arizona  and  New  Mexico  Rockies 

California  for  the  Tourist 

Colorado  and  Utah  Rockies 

Crater  Lake  National  Park.  Oregon 

Glacier  National  Park.  Montana 

Grand  Canyon  National  Park,  Arizona 

Hawaii  National  Park.  Hawaiian  Islands 

Hot  Springs  National  Park.  Arkansas 

Mesa  Verde  National  Park.  Colorado 

Mount  Rainier  National  Park.  Washington 

Northern  Lakes — Wisconsin.  Minnesota.  Upper  Michigan. 
Iowa  and  Illinois 

Pacific  Northwest  and  Alaska 

Petrified  Forest  National  Monument.  Arizona 

Rocky  Mountain  National  Park.  Colorado 

Sequoia  and  General  Grant  National  Par'  s,  California 

Yellowstone  National  Park.  Wyoming.  Montana.  Idaho 

Yosemite  National  Park.  California 

Zion  National  Monument,  Utah 

Distances  from  Crater   Lake  Lodge  by  road   or   trail  to 
principal  points  of  Interest 


Distance 
and 
Name          General 
Direction 

Above 
Sra 
Le>el 

Be»t  Mean, 
of  Reaching 

Remark. 

Miles 

Feet 

LlaoRock.  8  north.... 

8.046 

Auto,     horse- 

Point from  which  the 

back,    and 

legendary    Llao't 

foot  

body    wa.    thrown 

into  lake.     All-day 

Diamond 

trip. 

Lake           18  north.. 

Horseback.. 

Good  fishing.     Near 

view  of  Mt.  Theil- 

Devil'. 

.on. 

Backbone  6.5  north 

Auto  

Fine  view  of  forma- 

tion and  coloring  of 

Glacier 

Glacier  Peak. 

Peak  6  north... 
TheWatch- 

8.156 

Auto  and  foot 

Highest  point  on  rim 
of  lake:  fine  view. 

man  5  north.  .. 

8,025 

.do  

Easy  climb. 

Garfield 

Foot  or  hor.e- 

Peak  1.25  ea.t... 

8.060 

back  

Ea.y  climb. 

Vidae  Cliff.  3  ea.t  

8,135 

do  

Fine  view.  E*»y  trip 

by  horse:   7  mile.. 

Sun  Notch.  7ea»t  

7.115 

Auto  and  foot 

Fine  view  of  Phan- 

tom Ship.     W.Ik 

1  mile.    Ea.y  trail. 

Dutton 

Cliff  9.5ea.t... 

8.150 

...do  

Fine  view;  7.5  miles 

by  auto.  2  on  foot. 

Sentinel 

Rock....  I8ea.t... 



Auto  

Most  comprehensive 

view   from    rim. 

Cloud  Cap.  20  ea.t  



...do  

Fine  drive  and  view. 

Scott'. 

Peak  22ea.t 

8.839 

Auto  and  fool 

2  mile,  by  trail  from 

Cloud  Cap.    High- 

Pinnacle..   15.5  south- 

est  point   in   park. 

east  

A.ito 

Grotesque  forrha- 

Garden    of 

tion*. 

the    God. 

Dewey 

Fall.  5  wuth 

Ann* 

do 

Waterfalkmeadows. 

Anna 
Creek 

pretty  canyon.. 

Canyon.     10  to    13.5 

south.... 

.do  

Beautiful    canyon. 

MX)    to    400    feet 

Union  Peak  10.5  wuth- 

deep. 

we»t  

7.698 

Auto  and  fool 

Fine  view  of   entire 

Wizard 
I.land....  3.5  north 

6.940 

Boat  and  foot 

park. 
Extinct   volcano. 

crater    in    summit. 

Trail    to    top    and 

Phantom 

into  crater. 

Ship  3ea«t... 

do  

Grotesque  lava-  pin- 
nacled island. 

Page     thirteen 


Springs 


Desert  \\ 


j  *:< 


Crescent          **  Bald  Crater 
R.dge  6" 74  it. 


Desert  Cone  0 
eesi  it. 


O      /   /- 
-      /  0: 


Timber  Crater 

7360  It. 


O  Oasis  Butte 

6685  II. 


s! 


^"Grouse  Hill 
7401  It. 


vation  6177  feet  in  1908 
Depth  over  2000  feet 
.•er  1000  feet  high 


The  Watchm 
8025  It. 


j   ^          CRATER  LAKE  LODGE 
r"^"  *  -». 


O 

Ctttlt  Pomt 

OJOO    It. 


^S\  R.  R.  STA 


I  I   k   I    \KI. 

INATIONAI 

PARK 

I1,     kirk 


Shasta 


CRATER  LAKE 
NATIONAL  PARK 

OREGON 

Scale 


__.__  Boundary 
_^_  Automobile  Roads 
..  Trails 


Page     fourteen 


The  National  Parks  at  a  Glance 


u 


ted 


States     Railroad    Administration 

Director  General  of  Railroads 

For  particulars  as  to  fares,  train  schedules,  etc.,  apply  to  any  Railroad  Ticket  Agent,  or  to  any 
of  the  following  Consolidated  Ticket  Offices: 

West 


Austin,  Tex 521  Congress  Ave. 

Beaumont.  Tex.,  Orleans  and  Pearl  Sts. 

Bremerton,    Wash 224   Front  St. 

Butte,  Mont 2  N.  Main  St. 

Chicago,  111 179  W.  Jackson  St. 

Colorado  Springs,  Colo., 

119  E.  Pike's  Peak  Ave. 

Dallas.   Tex I  12-1  14   Field  St. 

Denver.  Colo 601    17th  St. 

Des  Moines.  Iowa 403  Walnut  St. 

Duluth.  Minn 334  W.  Superior  St. 

El  Paso.  Tex.  .  .Mills  and  Oregon  Sts. 

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Houston.  Tex 904  Texas  Ave. 

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Ry.  Ex.  Bldg..  7th  and  Walnut  Sts. 


Lincoln.  Neb.  .  .  . 
Little  Rock.  Ark 
Long  Beach,  Ca' .  . 
Los  Angeles,  Ca.. 
Milwaukee.  Wis .  . 


...104  N.  13th  St. 

202  W.  2d  St. 

L.A.  &  S.L.  Station 

.221  S.  Broadway 
.  .99  Wisconsin  St. 

202  Sixth  St.South 


Annapolis.  Md 


54  Maryland  Ave. 


Atlantic  City,  N.  J..  1301  Pacific  Ave. 
Baltimore.  Md.  .  .  B.  &  O.  R.  R.  Bldg. 

Boston.   Mass 67   Franklin  St. 

Brooklyn.  N.  Y 336  Fulton  St. 

Buffalo.  N.  Y..  Main  and  Division  Sts. 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  .6th  and  Main  Sts. 
Cleveland.  Ohio.  .1004  Prospect  Ave. 

Columbus,  Ohio 70  East  Gay  St. 

Dayton.  Ohio 19  S.  Ludlow  St 


Minneapolis,  Minn..  **,*.  ^.A>...  ^..._uu,... 
Oakland.  Cal. .  .  13th  St.  and  Broadway 
Ocean  Park.  Cal.  .Pacific  Elec.  Depot 
Oklahoma  City.  Okla., 

131   W.  Grand  Ave 

Omaha.  Neb 1416  Dodge  St. 

Peoria.  HI.  .Jefferson  and  Liberty  Sts. 
Phoenix,  Ariz.. 

Adams  St.  and  Central  Ave. 
Portland,  Ore.,  3d  and  Washington  Sts. 

Pueblo.  Colo 401-3  N.  Union  Ave. 

St.  Joseph.  Mo 505  Francis  St. 

St.  Louis,  Mo., 

318-328  N.  Broadway 

East 

Detroit,  Mich.  .  13  W.  LaFayette  Ave. 
Evansville.  Ind  .  L.  Sc  N.  R.  R.  Bldg. 
Grand  Rapids.  Mich .  .  .  .  125  Pearl  St. 
Indianapolis. Ind..  112-14  English  Block 

Montreal.  Que 238  St.  James  St. 

Newark.  N.  J..  Clinton  and  Beaver  Sts. 
New  York.  N.  Y  .  .  .  .  64  Broadway 
New  York.  N.  Y  .  .57  Chambers  St. 

New  York,  N.  Y 31  W.  32d  St. 

New  York.  N.  Y I  14  W.  42d  St. 

South 


St.  Paul.  Minn.  .4th  and  Jackson  Sts. 
Sacramento,  Cal ..  ...80  IK  Si. 

Salt  Lake  City.  Utah. 

Main  and  S.  Temple  Sta. 
San  Antonio,  Tex.. 

315-17  N.  St.  Mary's  St. 

San  Diego.  Cal 300  Broadway 

San   Franciso,  Cal 50  Post  St. 

San  Jose.  Cal. .1st  andSan  FernandoSla. 

Seattle.    Wash 714-16  2d   Ave. 

Shreveport.  La.,Milam  and  Market  Sts. 

Sioux  City.  Iowa 510  4th  St. 

Spokane.  Wash.. 

Davenport  Hotel.  815  Sprague  Ave. 
Tacoma.    Wash  ..  I  I  I  7-19    Pacific   Ave. 

Waco.  Tex 6th  and  Franklin  Sts. 

Whittier.  Cal ..  .  .L.  A.  fit  S.  L.  Station 
Winnipeg.  Man 226  Portage  Ave. 


Philadelphia.  Pa.. 
Pittsburgh.  Pa  .  .  .  . 

Reading.  Pa 

Rochester.  N.  Y  . 
Syracuse.  N.  Y 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Washington.  D.  C 
Williamsport.  Pa .  . 
Wilmington.  Del.  . 


.1539  Chestnut  St. 
.  .  .Arcade  Building 
.  ...16  N.  Fifth  St. 
20  State  St. 

.335S.  Warren  St. 
.320  Madison  Ave. 

.  1229  F  St.   N.  W. 

.4th  and  Pine  Sts. 
...905  Market  St. 


Asheville.  N.  C  14  S.  Polk  Square  Lexington.  Ky  Union  Station 
Atlanta.  Ga  74  Peachtree  St.  Louisville.  Ky.  .  .4th  and  Market  Sta. 
Augusta  Ga  81  1  Broad  St.  Lynchburg.  Va  722  Main  St. 
tiirmineham  Ala  J  1st  Ave  KM  i_-  T*  t-n  HI  \*  •  c*. 

Paducah.  Ky  430  Broadway 
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Raleigh.  N.  C  305  LaFayette  St. 
Richmond.  Va  830  E.  Main  St 
Savannah.  Ga  37  Bull  St. 
Sheffield.   Ala  Sheffield   Hotel 
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Vicksburg.   Miss.  13  19  Washington  St. 
Winslon-Salem.  N.  C..  236  N.  Main  St. 

nents  address  Bureau  of  Service, 
,ines,  646  Transportation   Bldg  , 

c    r-     '     V^iL     i              tj       i     Memphis,    lenn  60  N.   Main  bt. 
(Charleston,  b.  (-....Charleston  Hotel     **   ,-|        *i                         <;  i    Q     a         I    Q» 
Charlotte.  N.  C  22  S.  Tryon  St.     JJobile.   Ala    '     ',                          R°ytl  St; 
Chattanooga.  Tenn.  .817   Market  St.     Montgomery.   Ala.  .  ..  Exchange   Hotel 
Columbia.  S.  C  Arcade  Building     Nashville  Tenn..  Independent  Life  Bldg. 
Jacksonville.  Fla  38  W.   Bay  St.     New  Orleans.  La  Si.  Charles  Hotel 
Knoxville.   Tenn                   600   Gay   St      Norfolk     Va                 Monticello  Hotel 

For  detailed  information  regarding  National  Parks  and  Monu 
National  Parks  and   Monuments,  or  Travel   Bureau  —  Western   L 
Chicago. 

P  a  £  e    fifteen 


SEASON    1919 


The  «?ho*t-lik^  pinnacles  in  Sand  Creek  Canyon. 
A  forest  of   these  giant  monolith*  crowd  the  canyon  walls. 


ill 


GLACIER 

Nationa.1    Park 


O   N   A   L 


E  Rl   E  S 


DAWSON  PASS 
An  intimate  view  from  the  summit  of  the  Pass  is  obtained  of  the  massive  walls  surrounding  th=  Two  Medicine  Valley 


An  Appreciation  of 

Glacier  National  Park 

By  Mary  Roberts  Rinehart 

Author  of  "Tenting  To-nigbt,"  "Through  Glacier  Park,  "  K",  and  Other  Stories. 

Written  expressly  for  the  United  States  Railroad  Administration 


F  you  are  normal  and  philosophical,  if  you  love  your  country,  if  you  are 
willing  to  learn  how  little  you  count  in  the  eternal  scheme  of  things,  go 
ride  in  the  Rocky  Mountains  and  save  your  soul. 

There  are  no  "Keep  off  the  Grass"  signs  in  Glacier  National  Park. 
It  is  the  wildest  part  of  America.  If  the  Government  had  not  preserved  it,  it  would 
have  preserved  itself  but  you  and  I  would  not  have  seen  it.  It  is  perhaps  the  most 
unique  of  all  our  parks,  as  it  is  undoubtedly  the  most  magnificent.  Seen  from  an 
automobile  or  a  horse,  Glacier  National  Park  is  a  good  place  to  visit. 

Here  the  Rocky  Mountains  run  northwest  and  southeast,  and  in  their  glacier- 
carved  basins  are  great  spaces;  cool  shadowy  depths  in  which  lie  blue  lakes;  moun- 
tain-sides threaded  with  white,  where,  from  some  hidden  lake  or  glacier  far  above, 
the  overflow  falls  a  thousand  feet  or  more,  and  over  all  the  great  silence  of  the  Rockies 
Here  nerves  that  have  been  tightened  for  years  slowly  relax. 

Here  is  the  last  home  of  a  vanishing  race — the  Blackfeet  Indians.  Here  is  the 
last  stand  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  sheep  and  the  Rocky  Mountain  goat;  here  are 
elk,  deer,  black  and  grizzly  bears,  and  mountain  lions.  Here  are  trails  that  follow 
the  old  game  trails  along  the  mountain  side;  here  are  meadows  of  June  roses,  forget- 
me-not,  larkspur,  and  Indian  paintbrush  growing  beside  glaciers,  snowfields  and 
trails  of  a  beauty  to  make  you  gasp. 

Here  and  there  a  trail  leads  through  a  snowfield;  the  hot  sun  seems  to  make  no 
impression  on  these  glacier-like  patches.  Flowers  grow  at  their  very  borders,  striped 
squirrels  and  whistling  marmots  run  about,  quite  fearless,  or  sit  up  and  watch  the 
passing  of  horses  and  riders  so  close  they  can  almost  be  touched. 

The  call  of  the  mountains  is  a  real  call.  Throw  off  the  impedimenta  of  civiliza- 
tion. Go  out  to  the  West  and  ride  the  mountain  trails.  Throw  out  your  chest  and 
breathe — look  across  green  valleys  to  wild  peaks  where  mountain  sheep  stand  im- 
passive on  the  edge  of  space.  Then  the  mountains  will  get  you.  You  will  go  back. 
The  call  is  a  real  call. 

I  have  tr  veled  a  great  deal  of  Europe.  The  Alps  have  never  held  this  lure  for  me. 
Perhaps  it  is  because  these  mountains  are  my  own — in  my  own  country.  Cities 
call — I  have  heard  them.  But  there  is  no  voice  in  all  the  world  so  insistent  to  me 
as  the  wordless  call  of  these  mountains.  I  shall  go  back.  Those  who  go  once  always 
hope  to  go  back.  The  lure  of  the  great  free  spaces  is  in  their  blood. 


Page  t  bree 


To  the  American  People: 

Uncle  Sam  asks  you  to  be  his  guest.  He  has  prepared  for  you  the 
choice  places  of  this  continent — places  of  grandeur,  beauty  and  of 
wonder.  He  has  built  roads  through  the  deep-cut  canyons  and  beside 
happy  streams,  which  will  carry  you  into  these  places  in  comfort,  and 
has  provided  lodgings  and  food  in  the  most  distant  and  inaccessible 
places  that  you  might  enjoy  yourself  and  realize  as  little  as  possible 
the  rigors  of  the  pioneer  traveler's  life.  These  are  for  you.  They  are 
the  playgrounds  of  the  people.  To  see  them  is  to  make  more  hearty 
your  affection  and  admiration  for  America. 


Secretary  of  the  Interior 


Glacier  National  Park 


]EYOND  the  golden  grain  fields 
of  the  Dakotas,  past  the  big 
ranches  of  the  cattle  country 
and  adjoining  the  Blackfeet 
Indian  Reservation  in  north- 
western Montana,  is  a  segment  of  the 
Rocky  Mountains  abutting  the  inter- 
national boundary  for  thirty-five  miles 
and  extending  fifty  miles  south  to  the 
railroad.  The  bold,  grey  perpendicular 
peak  with  the  oblong  summit  is  Chief 
Mountain — sacred  to  the  Indians,  because 
according  to  the  legend  of  the  old  Medi- 
cine Men,  this  was  "where  the  Great 
Spirit  lived  when  he  made  the  world." 

Within  this  area  of  fifteen  hundred 
square  miles  are  more  rugged  mountain 
peaks,  more  glaciers,  more  picturesque 
lakes,  more  streams  and  waterfalls  than 
exist  anywhere  else  in  America  in  so  con- 
densed an  area. 

This  is  Glacier  National  Park. 

Longer  than  the  Red  Man's  legends  or 
memory  serve,  this  tract  of  eroded,  snow- 
capped peaks,  icy  ravines,  blue  lakes, 
trout-inhabited  streams  and  alpine  mead- 
ows was  the  playground  of  the  Blackfeet 
and  Piegan  Indians.  Here  they  found 
elk,  moose,  deer,  antelope,  buffalo,  bear, 
big-horn  sheep  and  the  long-haired  moun- 
tain goat.  The  lakes  and  streams  sup- 


plied all  the  fish  they  required,  while  the 
sarvisberries  and  huckleberries  were 
abundant  on  the  sunny  mountain  slopes. 

Today  this  is  your  playground.  The 
United  States  Government  purchased  it 
from  the  Indians  so  that  you  might  enjoy 
its  attractions.  It  became  a  National 
Park  May  II,  1910. 

National  Parks  have  been  created  by 
Congress  for  various  reasons:  To  reserve 
for  the  people  the  wonders  of  natural 
phenomena;  to  provide  free  access  to 
the  waters  of  medicinal  springs;  to  pre- 
serve the  interesting  architecture  of  a 
prehistoric  race,  or  to  furnish  vacation 
playgrounds  located  where  Nature  has 
been  unusually  generous  in  assembling 
her  scenic  gems. 

Glacier  National  Park  is  in  the  last 
category.  Above  everything  else  it  is  a 
summer  playground  for  the  people,  ap- 
pealing to  that  human  emotion  so  aptly 
expressed  by  Jack  London  in  the  title  of 
his  interesting  book,  "The  Call  of  the 
Wild." 

Of  course  the  glaciers  are  the  head- 
liners  for  Glacier  National  Park.  They 
are  a  great  attraction  for  the  average 
tourist,  who  knows  that  glaciers  are  un- 
common things  and  reminiscent  of  the 
earlier  mighty  earth  processes.  Here  one 


Page J our 


©F.H.Kiter  ICEBERG  LAKE 

Huge  chunk*  of  ice  break  off  the  glacier,  and  in  July  and  August  Iceberg  Lake  is  a  miniature  Polar  Sea 


K.  E.  Marble 


Walking  and  hoi 


TOURISTS  "HIT  THE  TRAIL" 
ie  trails  radiate  in  every  direction  from  Many  Glacier 


not  only  sees    them   in    action,   but  also 
sees  what  they  have  done  in  ages  past. 

Contains  Three-Score  Glaciers 

In  Glacier  Park  may  be  seen,  in  all 
the  majesty  of  their  rock- bound  settings, 
the  remnants  of  the  massive  ice  sheets 
that  played  a  big  part  in  shaping  the 
surface  of  the  earth  millions  of  years  ago. 

Not  one  or  two,  but  dozens  of  them  are 
clinging  to  the  sides  of  the  scarred  and 
serrated  ridges  of  the  Continental  Divide, 
where  they  spread  out  like  a  string  of 
pearls  glistening  in  the  sun. 

On  summer  days  these  glaciers  are  fur- 
rowed with  thousands  of  threads  of 
water — innumerable  little  rills — which 
run  and  sparkle  over  their  surfaces  like 
fine  threads  of  quicksilver.  Finally  they 
join  the  larger  streams  which  go  plunging 
over  the  moisture-laden,  flower-strewn, 
grassy  slopes  into  the  milky-blue  waters 
of  the  lakes  hundreds  of  feet  below. 

A  glacier  has  three  characteristics:  It 
is  ice,  the  ice  must  be  moving,  and  it 
must  have  moved  sufficiently  to  have 
formed  a  moraine,  consisting  of  rocks, 
earth  and  debris  which  the  glacier  has 
pushed  ahead  of  it  or  thrown  to  each 
side  in  its  forward  movement.  The  im- 
mobility of  a  glacier  is  only  apparent.  It 
is  living.  It  moves  and  advances  with- 


Page  six 


^y 

5 

ted 


out  ceasing.  Winter  is  the  season  of  re- 
pose for  the  glaciers.  In  the  spring,  all 
their  life  and  activity  return.  The  warm- 
er the  weather,  the  more  activity  they 
develop. 

Interest  in  the  glaciers  soon  leads 
enthusiasm  over  the  scenic  effects  create 
as  a  result  of  the  prehistoric  glacial  ac- 
tion, and  nowhere  in  America  is  this  so 
strikingly  displayed.  In  fact,  it  is  the 
result  of  this  glacial  action  of  the  past 
combined  with  one  other  unusual  geologi- 
cal formation,  known  as  the  Lewis  Over- 
thrust  Fault,  that  makes  Glacier  National 
Park  the  beauty  spot  it  is  today. 

The  Great  Uplift  of  the  Lewis 
Overthrust 

Geologists  teach  that  an  overthrust 
fault  is  a  displacement  of  earth  strata 
whereby  one  layer  of  rock  overlaps  an- 
other. It  is  the  result  of  pressures  far 
below  the  surface  of  the  earth. 

As  the  earth's  crust  contracted  during 
the  long  ages  of  the  past,  pressures  from 
within  caused  a  bulging  in  places,  very 
much  as  the  sides  of  an  orange  will  bulge 
when  squeezed.  This  terrific  pressure 
gradually  pushed  up  the  rocks  and  earth 
and  formed  the  mountain  ranges.  In  a 
few  places  the  pressure  was  sufficient  to 
break  through  the  crust.  This  is  what 


TWO  MEDICINE  LAKES 
The  exquisite  grouping  of  mountains  around  the  lakes  give  this  basin  a  marked  individuality 


happened  in  what  is  now  Glacier  Na- 
tional Park.  When  the  earth's  crust 
could  stand  the  pressure  no  longer,  one 
edge  was  thrust  upward  and  tumbled  for- 
ward over  the  other  edge;  when  it  settled, 
the  western  edge  of  this  break  overlapped 
the  eastern  edge  ten  to  fifteen  miles,  and 
was  thousands  of  feet  high,  extending 
along  a  front  of  forty  miles. 

As  a  result  of  this  upheaval,  there  are 
several  places  in  the  Park,  notably  at 
Chief  Mountain,  where  the  oldest  stratum 
of  rock  is  found  on  top  of  the  mountain 
and  the  newest  stratum  at  the  bottom. 
This  has  been  named  the  Lewis  Over- 
thrust.  1 1  is  one  of  the  largest  in  the  world 
and  is  of  great  interest  to  scientists. 

It  is  interesting  to  trace  the  course  of 
the  Lewis  Overthrust.  It  practically 
forms  the  eastern  edge  of  the  Park,  and  is 
plainly  outlined  on  the  topographic  maps 
issued  by  the  United  States  Geological 
Survey.  Starting  at  a  point  on  the  rail- 
road just  south  of  Fielding,  it  extends  in 
a  northerly  direction  almost  to  the  in- 
ternational boundary,  and  in  a  general 
way  follows  a  line  parallel  to  the  Con- 
tinental Divide. 

The  Carving  of  the  Rocks 

Later  came  the  glacial  period,  and  the 
moving  out  of  the  great  ice  sheets  which 


covered  this  part  of  the  earth  for  untold 
ages.  As  the  vast  ice  masses  moved  down 
the  slopes  of  this  precipitous  wall,  they 
gouged  deep  furrows  that  formed  valleys, 
and  cut  and  chiseled  the  highly-colored 
rocks,  tearing  away  the  softer  parts,  and 
swerving  from  their  courses  when  they 
encountered  resistance  of  the  harder  rock 
masses. 

The  Lewis  Overthrust  Fault  gave  the 
glaciers  a  wonderful  opportunity.  The 
grinding  and  carving  by  the  huge  ice 
masses,  followed  by  erosion  during  thou- 
sands of  years  of  exposure  to  the  ele- 
ments, have  created  fantastic  effects. 
Much  of  the  exposed  rock  is  very  highly 
colored,  red  and  green  mixed  with  blue- 
grey.  In  due  course  of  the  slow  centu- 
ries came  the  change  of  climate,  which 
brought  with  it  grass,  trees,  flowers  and 
other  vegetation,  so  that  today  this  re- 
gion is  a  veritable  symphony  of  water, 
rock  and  foliage.  It  is  in  the  marvelous 
grouping  and  massing  of  these  colorful 
effects  that  Glacier  Park  makes  such  a 
strong  appeal. 

It  will  be  seen,  therefore,  that  this  ti- 
tanic Overthrust  fault,  which  occurred 
millions  of  years  ago,  is  the  primary  rea- 
son for  Glacier  National  Park  today.  It 
is  the  distinguishing  feature  that  differen- 
tiates this  part  of  the  Rockies  from  all 


Page  seven 


®F.H.Kisfr  TRAIL  OVER  SWIFTCURRENT  PASS 

From  Swiftcurrent  Pass  marvelous  views  are  obtained  of  stupendous  granite  walls  and  turquoise  blue  lake 


Page   eight 


other  mountain  regions  in  North  America. 
The  result  is  that  the  visitor  entering 
Glacier  Park  finds  a  land  of  enormous 
hollowed  basins  or  cirques,  separated  from 
each  other  by  saw-tooth  edged  walls.  In 
many  cases  these  walls  are  nearly  per- 
pendicular and  rise  two  to  four  thousand 
feet  above  the  floor  of  the  basin.  Espe- 
cially fine  examples  are  to  be  seen  at 
Cracker  Lake,  Iceberg  Lake,  and  Ava- 
lanche Basin. 

These  glacial  cirques  are  a  striking 
feature  of  Glacier  National  Park.  They 
are  huge  pockets  or  U-shaped  basins  that 
are  actually  carved  out  of  the  rock  by  the 
constant  grinding  of  the  moving  glaciers. 

A  Mass  of  Majestic  Mountain 
Peaks 

The  main  range  of  the  Rockies  extends 
north  and  south  through  the  Park,  the 
Continental  Divide  being  almost  in  its 
center,  and  forming  a  natural  wall  which 
divides  the  Park  into  halves. 

It  is  the  east  side  that  presents  the 
most  stupendous  scenic  effects.  Some 
idea  of  the  magnitude  of  this  mountain 
realm  is  indicated  by  the  number  of  peaks 
within  its  narrow  confines.  There  are  83 
named  mountains  having  an  altitude  of 
from  7,000  to  10,000  feet,  and  four  ex- 
ceeding 10,000  feet — the  highest  being 
Mt.  Cleveland,  10,438  feet.  They  are 
huddled  together  as  though  they  tried  to 
crowd  each  other  out  of  the  way  in  their 
effort  to  reach  the  clouds.  From  the 
summit  of  Swiftcurrent  Mountain  over 
forty  of  these  peaks  can  be  counted  from 
one  viewpoint. 

Irregular  in  outline,  fantastic  in  shape, 
and  always  spectacular,  they  have  one 
characteristic  in  common — the  abruptness 
with  which  they  rise  from  the  shore  of 
lake  or  floor  of  valley.  No  need  here  to 
walk  over  rolling  foothills  several  miles 
to  reach  a  mountain.  There  are  no  foot- 
hills; one  is  close  to  the  mountains  all 
the  time.  There  is  opportunity  here  to 
get  acquainted  with  these  mountains — 
intimately  acquainted — from  the  com- 
fortable cushions  of  an  automobile  or  the 
sunny  decks  of  a  smooth-running  launch. 
Their  lure  is  as  elusive  as  it  is  fascinating. 
Never  does  one  see  them  twice  the  same. 
Under  constantly  changing  atmospheric 
conditions  they  vary  their  tones  from 
light  blue  to  deep  purple,  from  brilliant 


red   to   faint   rose,   softened   by   the   rich 
green  foliage  on  the  (ower  levels. 

The  upper  slopes  are  above  timber  line; 
the  lower  slopes,  and  the  valleys  not  oc- 
cupied by  lakes  and  streams,  are  crowded 
with  forests,  green  and  inviting.  From 
the  front  porches  of  the  hotels  and  chalets 
magnificent  pictures  are  presented  of 
mountain  peaks,  snowfields,  glaciers, 
lakes,  canyons  and  forests,  grouped  and 
massed  in  delicate  yet  bewildering  com- 
binations. 

An  Amazing  Array  of  Mountain 
Lakes 

The  lakes  perhaps  are  the  one  feature 
that  appeals  to  more  persons  than  any 
other  phase  of  Glacier  Park's  varied  at- 
tractions. Lakes  everywhere  -long  and 
narrow  lakes — round  and  irregular  lakes 
—little  blue  ponds  in  mountain  pockets, 
and  long  silvery  ribbons  in  narrow  valleys. 

Lake  St.  Mary,  with  its  stately,  cres- 
cent-shaped mountain  frame,  almost  a 
mile  above  the  surface,  is  fed  by  melting 
ice  and  snow  from  Blackfeet  Glacier.  1 1 
is  the  largest  lake  on  the  east  side,  while 
Lake  McDonald  is  the  gem  of  the  west 
side  of  the  Park.  Both  lakes  are  long, 
narrow  and  very  deep,  with  mountains 
rising  from  their  shores.  It  is  on  these 
lakes  that  one  can  cruise  in  comfortable 
launches,  or  from  a  rowboat  try  his  luck 
with  a  fly  casting  rod  in  the  shadows  of 
the  pines. 

Two  Medicine  Lake  is  somewhat 
smaller,  and  has  both  symmetry  and  dig- 
nity. The  surrounding  peaks  bathe  their 
red  granite  summits  in  the  azure  sky  and 
their  green  bases  in  the  soft  blue  waters. 

Grinnell,  Josephine,  McDermott, 
Gunsight,  Ellen  Wilson  and  Cracker 
Lakes  each  has  its  individual  charm,  but 
Iceberg  Lake  is  the  most  interesting.  The 
warmer  the  weather  the  more  ice  there  is 
in  the  lake.  Iceberg  Glacier  projects  its 
face  into  the  lake,  and  day  after  day  dur- 
ing the  summer  this  ice  field  crumbles 
along  the  front,  great  chunks  breaking 
off  and  sliding  into  the  water  to  float 
around  on  the  bosom  of  the  lake — hun- 
dreds of  them,  oftentimes.  Flowers  and 
foliage  growing  along  the  shores  add  to 
the  charm  of  this  unique  place,  where 
summer  and  winter  meet. 

There  are  many  other  lakes.  The  United 
States  Geological  Survey  has  mapped  two 


P c g t  nine 


This    cone    shaped    peak    stands    like 


GRINNELL  MOUNTAIN 
sentinel    at    the   entrance   to    the   S\ 


'iftcurrent   and    Cataract   Valleys 


hundred  and  fifty.  From  trail  and  road 
they  peer  at  one  from  all  sides.  They  are 
low  in  the  canyons  and  high  on  the  moun- 
tains. They  reflect  the  peaks,  trees  and 
rocks  in  their  blue  waters  during  the  day, 
and  at  evening  time  absorb  the  glow  of 
the  setting  sun,  as  though  trying  to  dis- 
pel the  night  chill  from  the  waters. 


\  Million- 


(»arden 


For  profusion  and  variety:  the  wild 
flowers  of  Glacier  Park  must  share  honors 
with  the  lakes.  In  the  valleys,  along  the 
shores  of  lakes  and  streams,  on  the  moun- 
tain passes,  oftentimes  on  the  very  edge 
of  snowfields  and  glaciers,  wild  flowers 
add  their  variegated  hues  to  the  green 
foliage  and  the  harsher  colors  in  the  rocks. 
More  than  one  hundred  varieties  of  wild 
flowers  are  native  to  the  Park.  Canyon 
Creek,  Cracker  Lake,  Piegan  Pines,  Grin- 
nell  Lake,  Logan  Pass  and  Granite  Park 
are  a  few  of  the  places  especially  noted 
for  plant  life. 

Below  are  some  of  the  prominent  varie- 
ties of  wild  flowers,  berries,  and  grasses 
seen  along  the  roads  and  trails: 

Indian  paint  brush,  mountain  lilies, 
asters,  walking  cane,  yellow  dog-tooth 
violet,  wild  hollyhock,  clematis,  syringa, 
queen's  cup,  bluebell,  twin  flower,  star  of 
the  morning,  lupin,  yellow  columbine, 


blue  larkspur  and  false  forget-me-not; 
huckleberry,  pigeonberry  and  thimble- 
berry;  beargrass,  sweetgrass  and  bearweed. 

The  Oldest  Inhabitants 

Creatures  of  the  wild  are  in  evidence 
at  every  turn  of  the  road  or  trail.  Black 
and  brown  bears  are  often  seen,  generally 
near  the  chalets  and  hotels,  and  occasion- 
ally will  pose  for  the  photographer.  There 
are  also  "silvertips"  or  grizzly  bears. 

The  Rocky  Mountain  goat  is  perhaps 
the  most  interesting  of  the  large  wild 
animals.  This  sure-footed  climber  pre- 
fers the  higher  altitudes  on  the  mountain 
slopes,  and  seldom  descends  low  enough 
to  give  the  tourist  a  "close-up."  They 
can  be  seen  moving  along  the  narrow 
rock  ledges  and  are  easily  distinguished 
by  their  coats  of  long  white  hair,  which 
sharply  contrast  with  the  rocks. 

The  big-horn,  or  Rocky  Mountain 
sheep,  is  more  friendly,  also  more  inquisi- 
tive. He  will  occasionally  pause  in  his 
feeding  to  gaze  at  a  passing  party  of  tour- 
ists, apparently  quite  unafraid,  and 
exhibiting  a  curious  interest  in  his  dis- 
turbers. 

Elk  and  deer  may  be  seen  trotting 
along  the  trail,  or  on  the  shore  of  some 
lake  or  stream  where  they  come  down 
to  drink. 


Pane  ten 


i.ser  UPPER  ST.  MARY  LAKE 

From  the  porches  of  the  chalet,  a  marvelous  view  is  obtained  of  Going-to-the-Sun  Mountain  and  the 
embattled  peaks  at  the  head  of  the  valley 


The  small  animals,  such  as  porcupines, 
whistling  marmots  and  mountain  or  pack 
rats,  are  interesting  and  harmless.  The 
whistling  marmot  is  invariably  encoun- 
tered above  timber  line,  especially  on  the 
passes.  Large  families  live  in  tunnels  and 
caves  in  rocks.  They  always  have  a  sen- 
tinel on  watch,  and  when  disturbed  by 
passing  tourists,  they  warn  each  other  by 
their  whistle,  which  is  a  splendid  imita- 
tion of  a  small  boy  signaling  his  chum  to 
come  out  to  play. 

Where  the  Fighting  Trout  Leap 
High 

Several  species  of  mountain  trout  in- 
habit most  of  the  lakes  and  streams.  The 
principal  varieties  are  the  cut-throat 
(otherwise  known  as  the  native  or  black- 
spotted  trout),  rainbow,  Dolly  Varden, 
eastern  brook  and  Mackinaw  trout.  The 
cut-throat  and  eastern  brook  are  the  favor- 
ites of  trout  fishermen.  They  are  both 
very  game,  very  shy,  and  at  times  require 
considerable  coaxing,  but  they  strike 
quickly  and  are  hard  fighters.  These  fish 
sometimes  attain  a  weight  of  six  pounds. 

Mackinaw  trout  are  found  only  in  St. 
Mary  Lake.  They  have  been  taken  weigh- 
ing thirty-five  pounds;  ten  to  fifteen  pound 
Mackinaw  trout  are  quite  common.  They 
are  not  as  good  fighters  as  the  smaller  vari- 


eties, but  for  excitement  make  up  in  weight 
what  they  lack  in  fighting  qualities. 

The  Dolly  Varden  and  rainbow  trout 
are  confined  to  a  few  lakes  and  the  larger 
streams,  and  are  not  caught  as  frequently 
as  the  other  varieties. 

Practically  all  fishing  is  done  by  cast- 
ing with  a  fly  rod,  using  artificial  flies  or 
sometimes  salmon  eggs  for  bait. 

Home  of  Blackfeet  Indians 

The  Blackfeet  and  Piegan  Indians  have 
left  a  lasting  impress  of  their  occupation 
of  this  region,  as  the  names  of  many  of  the 
mountains,  lakes  and  waterfalls  still  bear 
the  original  Indian  names,  such  as  Rising 
Wolf,  Going-to-the-Sun  and  Almost-a- 
Dog  mountains,  Morning  Eagle  Falls, 
and  Two  Medicine  Lakes.  They  also  con- 
tributed to  the  mysticism  and  romance  of 
the  country  by  the  tales  of  their  early  day 
ceremonies  in  the  walled-in  valleys,  their 
hunting  exploits  on  the  prairies,  and  the 
religious  significance  they  attach  to  sev- 
eral of  the  high  peaks. 

From  the  days  when  the  Indians 
roamed  the  vast  prairies  to  the  east,  and 
their  hunting  ground  extended  from  the 
Missouri  River  on  the  south  to  the  Sask- 
atchewan River  in  Canada  this  region  was 
known  to  them  as  the  "Land  of  Shining 
Mountains." 


Page  eleven 


MANY  GLACIER  HOTEL 
At  the  end  of  the  auto  road  is  Many  Glacier  Hotel,  the  focal  point  for  trips  over  miles  of  mountain  trails 


The  Lure  of  Glacier  Park 


Glacier  National  Park  has  no  frivolous 
sideshows  for  garrulous  trippers,  no 
Coney  Island  attractions.  There  are 
other  canyons  as  deep  and  other  moun- 
tains as  high;  but  those  who  have  roamed 
the  world  with  eyes  open  sincerely  say 
that  in  no  other  place  they  have  seen  has 
Nature  so  condensed  her  wonders  and 
run  riot  with  such  utter  abandon;  in  no 
other  place  has  she  carved  and  hewn  with 
such  unrestrained  fancy,  and  scattered 
her  jewels  with  so  reckless  a  hand. 

Here  the  Rocky  Mountains  tumble  and 
froth  like  a  wind-whipped  tide,  as  they 
careen  off  to  the  northwest.  This  is  the 
fountain  head  of  the  Continent,  with  its 
triple  watershed — the  beginning  of  little 
and  big  things.  Huddled  close  together 
are  tiny  streams,  the  span  of  a  hand  in 
width,  that  miles  and  miles  away  to  the 
north,  south  and  west,  flow  as  mighty 
rivers  into  Hudson  Bay,  the  Gulf  of 
Mexico  and  the  Pacific  Ocean. 

Two  hundred  and  fifty  lakes  in  valley, 
glacial  cirque  and  mountain  pocket  flash 
back  to  the  sky  the  blue  and  green  hues 


they  borrowed  from  it.  Hundreds  of 
waterfalls  cascade  from  their  sources  on 
glacial  field  or  everlasting  snow  in  mighty 
torrents  or  milky -white  traceries;  rain- 
bows flicker  and  vanish  in  the  ever- 
changing  play  of  the  waters,  while  the 
bright  Montana  sun  does  tricks  of  light 
and  shade  on  tree  and  rock. 

High  up  on  some  gale-swept  crag  the 
mountain  goat  pauses  for  a  moment  and 
plunges  from  view.  Lower  down  the  big- 
horn sheep  treads  his  sure-footed  way; 
the  clownish  bear  shuffles  to  his  huckle- 
berry patch;  and  in  the  blue  of  the  heav- 
ens, between  mountain  peak  and  sun,  the 
bald  eagle  sails  his  rounded  course,  peer- 
ing down  for  the  timid  creature  beneath 
the  leaves  or  in  the  shadow  of  the  rocks. 
And  all  is  as  it  was  thousands  of  years 
ago,  except  for  some  man-tracks  here  and 
there,  where  the  road  winds  around  the 
base  of  mountain  and  over  ridge;  where 
the  mark  of  a  trail  leaves  its  faint  trace 
on  the  surface,  or  the  blue  smoke  curling 
up  from  the  stone  chimney  of  chalet  or 
hotel  indicates  that  man  has  appropri- 
ated it  to  his  uses. 


Page   t  ii>  e  It  t 


1 


GLACIER  PARK  HOTEL 
The  hotel  at  the  Eastern  gateway  is  of  unique  architecture       The  Indians  call  if  the  "Big  Trees  Lodge" 


Entering  at  Glacier  Park  Station 

Eastern  Gateway 


LACIER  PARK  station,  Montana, 
is  the  eastern  and  principal  en- 
trance to  the  Park.  Adjacent  to 
the  railroad  station  is  Glacier  Park 
Hotel,  the  gateway  hostelry  and 
starting  point  for  trips  farther 
north.  It  is  a  short  walk  along  wide  poppy- 
bordered  paths,  through  the  gateway  arch  to  the 
hotel  office.  The  architecture  of  this  mammoth 
structure  is  what  might  be  called  the  "forestry" 
type — the  striking  feature  being  the  immense 
logs  of  Douglas  fir  and  cedar  used  as  supporting 
pillars,  inside  and  out.  Many  of  these  logs  are 
forty-two  feet  high  and  several  measure  five 
feet  in  diameter;  they  extend  from  basement 
to  roof. 

The  building,  containing  nearly  two  hundred 
rooms,  is  in  two  large  units  connected  by  a  long, 
roofed-over  observation  room,  with  large  plate 
glass  windows  facing  the  mountains.  On  one 
side  is  Midvale  Creek,  a  pretty  little  trout  stream, 
and  on  the  other  side,  within  a  few  hundred 
yards,  is  Two  Medicine  River.  From  the 
porches  of  the  hotel  can  be  seen  a  dozen  moun- 
tains guarding  the  entrance  to  the  Two  Medicine 
Valley— Mt.  Henry,  Papoose,  Bearhead,  Squaw 
and  Basin  Mountains  being  the  principal  ones. 
To  the  east  are  the  broad  open  plains  of  the 
Blackfeet  Indian  Reservation. 

From  Glacier  Park  Hotel  four  attractive  auto 
trips  may  be  made,  as  the  automobile  highway 
starts  here.  The  one-day  trip  to  Going-to-the-Sun 
Chalets  on  St.  Mary  Lake  is  always  popular. 
This  ten-hour  ride  presents  over  100  miles  of  the 
main  range  of  the  Rockies,  a  panorama  from 


Divide  Mountain  south  to  Heart  Butte.  There 
is  an  afternoon  trip  to  Two  Medicine  Lakes  and 
Chalets,  and  the  Cut  Bank  Canyon  trip  to  Cut 
Bank  Chalets.  The  five-hour  auto  tour  to  Many 
Glacier  brings  within  the  tourist's  vision  a  com- 
bination of  more  mountain  peaks,  lakes,  glaciers, 
and  snow-capped  summits  than  can  be  seen 
in  the  same  length  of  time  anywhere  in  this 
country. 

A  good  trail  to  Two  Medicine  Lake  goes  over 
Mt.  Henry.  From  the  top  of  this  mountain  a 
dozen  peaks  can  be  seen  and  a  splendid  view  ob- 
tained of  the  entire  Two  Medicine  Valley,  half  a 
mile  below. 

The  Two  Medicine  Valley 

"The-river-where-the-two-medicine-lodges- 
were-built"  is  the  way  the  Indians  designated  the 
stream  that  drains  the  three  lakes  of  the  Two 
Medicine  Valley.  There  are  several  versions  of 
this  legend  of  the  Two  Medicine  Lodges,  but  all 
agree  that  many  years  ago  there  was  factional 
strife  in  the  Blackfeet  Tribe  and  the  two  con- 
tending parties  each  built  a  medicine  lodge  on 
the  banks  of  this  river. 

Nothing  in  the  Park  excels  the  Two  Medicine 
Valley  in  beauty  of  mountain  grouping.  Three 
fair-sized  lakes  in  a  chain,  all  at  different  alti- 
tudes, form  the  central  stage,  while  grouped 
around  them  are  a  dozen  splendid  mountains  of 
which  Rising  Wolf,  with  its  red  granite  top  95 1 0 
feet  in  the  air,  easily  is  monarch. 

The  middle  lake  is  reached  by  the  automobile 
road,  ending  at  the  Two  Medicine  Chalets,  artis- 
tically grouped  on  the  lake  shore  in  the  shadow 


Page  thirteen 


of  Rising  Wolf.  At  the  head  of  the  lake  is  Mt. 
Rockwell  (9505  feet),  flanked  on  one  side  by  Mt. 
Helen  and  Pumpelly's  Pillar,  and  on  the  other 
by  Mt.  Grizzly. 

Two  Medicine  Lake  affords  fine  trout  fishing. 
the  favorite  spot  being  at  the  outlet  just  below 
the  chalets.  Cut-throat  and  eastern  brook  trout 
are  abundant  in  this  lake  and  in  Two  Medicine 
River  below  Trick  Falls. 

Trick  Falls  is  located  two  miles  from  the 
chalets  and  the  automobiles  stop  long  enough  to 
give  passengers  an  opportunity  to  walk  up  the 
trail  a  few  hundred  feet,  where  a  good  view  is 
obtainable.  Dawson  Pass,  the  summit  of  Mt. 
Henry,  upper  Two  Medicine  Lake,  and  the  Dry 
Fork  Trail  over  Mt.  Morgan  and  Cut  Bank  Pass 
to  the  Cut  Bank  Chalets,  are  the  principal  trail 
trips  from  Two  Medicine  Chalets. 

In  the  Cut  Bank  Canyon 

Whichever  way  one  enters  the  Cut  Bank  Can- 
yon. whether  down  the  valley  from  the  summit 
of  Cut  Bank  Pass,  or  following  the  winding  auto 
road  up  the  river,  one  is  impressed  by  the  quiet 
restfulness  of  the  place.  The  Cut  Bank  River 
has  its  source  in  a  small  glacier  near  the  summit 
of  the  Pass.  A  series  of  three  wide  plateaux  has 
enabled  the  trail-builders  to  make  the  descent  to 
the  floor  of  the  valley  by  easy  stages.  On  the 
upper  plateau  two  tiny  blue  lakes  are  seen  —  the 
first  well-defined  headwaters  of  the  river. 

It  is  only  a  few  miles  from  the  summit  down 
to  the  Chalets,  the  trail  passing  through  many 
open  parks,  and  crossing  the  stream  several  times. 
There  are  numerous  pools  in  the  bends  of  the 
river  and  the  beavers  have  built  dams  here  and 
there,  making  fine  hiding  places  for  the  wary  cut- 
throat trout,  that  is  a  native  of  this  stream. 

Cut  Bank  Chalets  are  an  over-night  stop  for 
trail  parties  moving  between  Two  Medicine  and 
St.  Mary.  1  1  is  also  reached  by  automobile  from 
Glacier  Park  1  lotel. 

Above  the  Chalets  a  trail  forks  to  the  right,  and 
following  this  will  bring  one  to  the  Triple  Divide, 
the  most  interesting  peak  in  the  Park. 

The  Triple  Divide 

}  lere  is  perhaps  the  most  interesting  geological 
formation  in  America  a  three-sided  mount,  itti 
from  whose  summit  the  waters  flow  north  to 
Hudson  Bay.  south  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and 
west  to  the  Pacific  Ocean.  It  is  not  imaginary. 
A  walk  of  about  a  mile  from  the  place  where  the 
trail  crosses  the  pass  will  bring  one  to  the  top  of 
the  Triple  Divide,  and  from  here  the  courses  of 
the  three  tiny  streams  can  be  traced  from  their 
source  for  miles  and  miles  down  the  valley,  on 
their  way  to  three  different  oceans. 

It  is  literally  true  that  if  a  person  standing  on 
the  summit  of  this  three-sided  mountain  spills  a 
cup  of  water  it  wr  \ild  find  its  way  to  three  corners 
of  the  continent. 


Th*  St.  M.ir>   1  aki's  ami  the 

I  merging  from  the  dense  timber  along  the 
automobile  road,  one  gets  the  first  comprehensive 
idea  of  Glacier  National  Park  as  the  mountains 
massed  at  the  head  of  St.  Mary  Valley  suddenly 
are  exposed  to  view 


Here  are  two  narrow,  ribbon-like  bodies  of 
water — the  St.  Mary  Lakes.  The  upper  lake  is 
ten  miles  long,  with  the  mountains  rising  ab- 
ruptly from  the  shores;  at  the  lower  end  of  this 
lake  are  the  St.  Mary  Chalets — the  fourth  group 
in  the  chain  of  places  operated  by  the  Hotel 
Company. 

On  the  south  shore  of  the  lake.  Red  Eagle  and 
Little  Chief  Mountains  project  their  ship-like 
prows  into  the  water.  On  the  north  shore  Single- 
shot.  Goat  and  Whitefish  Mountains  expose  their 
red.  green  and  purple  hues  to  the  mirror-like 
surface  of  the  lake.  Far  up  the  valley  the  tilted 
cone  of  Fusilade  Mountain  disputes  the  right  of 
way  to  Gunsight  Pass,  and  Reynolds  Peak,  with 
its  green  slopes,  is  strongly  contrasted  against 
the  frosted  summit  of  the  Continental  Divide. 

A  day's  journey  from  St.  Mary  Chalets  is  Red 
Eagle  Lake,  celebrated  among  fishermen  for  its 
large  cut-throat  trout. 

At  St.  Mary  Chalets  a  sturdy  launch,  capable 
of  carrying  one  hundred  passengers,  is  waiting. 
and  transfer  from  the  automobiles  is  made  by 
passengers  taking  the  side  trip  to  Going-to-the- 
Sun  Chalets  at  the  head  of  the  lake.  Here,  per- 
haps, the  loveliest,  single  picture  in  the  park — in 
fact,  many  who  are  competent  to  judge,  say.  in 
the  world — is  to  be  seen  from  the  chalet  porches. 

The  Region  of  Going-to-the-Sun 
Mountain 

If  there  is  one  mountain  above  all  others  in 
Glacier  National  Park  whose  overpowering  per- 
sonality impresses  itself  on  the  memory  of  the 
sightseer,  it  is  Going-to-the-Sun.  This  is  partly 
due  to  the  fact  that  an  excellent  view  of  its  classic 
outlines  may  be  had  from  all  sides. 

If  one  were  standing  on  its  summit.  9584  feet 
above  sea  level,  he  would  look  almost  straight 
down  nearly  one  mile  into  St.  Mary  Lake.  The 
unusual  name  has  no  connection  with  the  height 
of  the  mountain  or  its  imposing  cathedral-type 
architecture.  It  is  an  inaccurate  translation  of 
an  Indian  name. 

Many  years  ago.  according  to  the  Indian 
legend,  the  Sun  Father  sent  his  representative. 
Sour  Spirit,  to  the  Piegans  and  Blackfeet  to 
teach  them  all  the  useful  arts — how  to  make  a 
tepee,  tan  the  hides  of  the  wolf  and  elk.  from 
which  to  manufacture  moccasins  and  clothing, 
and  other  useful  things.  He  showed  them  how 
to  make  bows  and  arrows  that  would  kill  the  elk. 
deer  and  buffalo,  and  assure  them  plenty  to  eat. 

Sour  Spirit  lived  with  them  a  long  time,  but 
was  finally  called  back  to  the  lodge  of  his  father 
in  the  sun.  In  order  that  his  good  work  and 
teachings  would  not  be  forgotten,  he  caused  the 
likeness  of  his  face  to  be  placed  on  the  side  of 
this  mountain.  It  may  be  seen  there  today  in 
the  form  of  a  great  snow  field,  the  outline  of 
which  strongly  resembles  an  Indian  face  with  the 
head  dressed  in  a  war  bonnet.  Ever  since  that 
time  the  Indians  have  called  it  "Mah-tah-pee-o- 
stook-sis-meh-stuk."  which  means  "The  moun- 
tain-with- the-face-of -Sour-Spirit-who-has-gone- 
back-to-the-sun." 

A  stop  of  a  few  days  must  be  made  if  one  takes 
the  trail  trips  described  below. 

Sexton  Glacier,  hanging  high  on  the  mountain 
side,  is  in  plain  view  from  the  deck  of  the  launch. 
It  is  a  popular  side  trip  from  Going-to-the  Sun 


©F.H.Kiser  GOING-TO-THE-SUN  MOUNTAIN 

The  classic  outlines  of  this  mountain  are  revealed  from  every  side.      The  summit  is  nearly  one  mile  above  the  water 


P  age   fifteen 


t:?  " 


V 


©  R.E.  Marble 


IN  THE  MAI 
Grinnell  Glacier.  The  Garden  Wall.  Gould  Mountain  and  Josephine  Lake — « 


Page   s  i  x  t  e  e 


REGION 
water,  rock  and  foliage  it  has  taken  Nature  millions  of  years  to  compose 


©  K  ,ser  t'boto  Co.  TR I CK  FALLS 

The  water  discharges  from  a  subterranean  passage,  but  during  the  flood  stage  it  also  comes  over  the  top 


Pant  rifhtren 


Chalets  to  Sexton  Glacier.  A  very  pretty  trail 
follows  Baring  Creek,  and  horses  may  be  ridden 
to  the  very  edge  of  the  ice.  West  of  the  chalets 
is  Gunsight  Lake.  From  the  foot  of  this  lake  it 
is  a  short  climb  to  Blackfeet  Glacier,  the  largest, 
and  in  many  respects  the  most  interesting,  of  all 
the  glaciers  in  the  Park  to  explore. 

Over  Gunsight  Pass  to  Sperry 
Glacier 

At  Gunsight  Lake  the  trail  starts  up  the  steep 
slopes  of  Mt.  Jackson  toward  Gunsight  Pass, 
from  the  summit  of  which  an  expansive  view  both 
east  and  west  is  unfolded;  two  thousand  feet 
below  is  Gunsight  Lake,  on  the  east  side,  and 
Lake  Ellen  Wilson,  on  the  west  side.  Swinging 
along  the  shale-rock  slopes  above  Lake  Ellen 
Wilson,  and  over  the  Lincoln  Divide,  the  trail 
descends  suddenly  into  a  circular  basin  to  the 
Sperry  Glacier  Chalets.  Continuing,  it  again 
drops  down  the  side  of  Mt.  Edwards  to  Lake 
McDonald.  It  is  practically  a  day's  journey 
from  Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets  to  Sperry  Glacier 
Chalets,  either  on  foot  or  with  horses,  and  about 
a  three-hour  trip  from  Sperry  to  Lake  McDonald. 

If  a  trip  up  to  the  glacier  is  planned,  it  will  be 
necessary  to  stop  at  the  chalets  over  night. 

Over  Piegan  Pass  to  Many  Glacier 

Another  well  traveled  route  from  Going-to-the- 
Sun  Chalets  is  over  Piegan  Pass  trail,  which  starts 
directly  west,  following  the  lake  shore  to  the 
north  fork  of  the  St.  Mary  River.  Here  it  swings 
to  the  right,  and  by  means  of  many  turns  around 
the  forest-covered  benches,  ascends  the  west 
side  of  Going-to-the-Sun  Mountain,  finally  reach- 
ing the  depression  in  the  connecting  wall  between 
Cataract  and  Siyeh  mountains,  known  as  Piegan 
Pass.  Here  is  one  of  those  matchless,  incom- 
parable scenes  which  words  fail  to  portray. 
Blackfeet  Glacier  to  the  south,  its  five  square 
miles  of  snow  and  ice  in  line  of  vision,  displays 
a  glistening  array  of  blue,  green  and  pinkish 
hues,  as  the  sun  penetrates  crevasse  and  fissure. 
This  is  the  trail  route  to  the  Many  Glacier 
region. 

Lunch  boxes  are  unpacked  at  Piegan  Pines,  at 
the  edge  of  the  timber  line,  below  the  summit  of 
the  pass.  In  this  tiny  mountain  park  of  a  few 
acres  can  at  certain  seasons  be  found  more  than 
two  dozen  varieties  of  flowers. 

Descending  the  north  side  of  the  mountain, 
the  trail  winds  down  and  around  Morning  Eagle 
Falls  to  Cataract  Creek.  From  here  on  it  is  very 
picturesque,  circling  along  the  base  of  Gould 
Mountain  to  Grinnell  Lake,  and  thence  along  the 
shore  of  Josephine  Lake  and  Lake  McDermott 
to  Many  Glacier  Hotel. 

The  New  Logan  Pass  Trail 

During  the  summer  of  1918  a  new  trail  was 
completed  across  the  Continental  Divide,  known 
as  Logan  Pass  Trail.  It  is  intensely  scenic,  and 
easy  to  travel  either  afoot  or  on  horseback. 

Leaving  Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets,  this  trail 
branches  to  the  left  four  miles  out  on  the  Piegan 
Pass  trail  and  strikes  up  Reynolds  Creek,  past 
the  shelf  glacier  which  sprinkles  its  waters  on  a 
narrow  fertile  bench  called  the  Hanging  Gardens, 
on  the  east  side  of  Mt.  Reynolds,  to  a  little 
plateau  between  Pollock  and  Oberlin  Mountains. 
The  summit  of  the  pass  and  the  approaches  to 


it  are  literally  covered  with  wild  flowers.  From 
the  western  slope  the  trail  continues  along  the 
Garden  Wall — a  high,  thin,  saw-tooth  ridge — to 
Granite  Park  Chalets. 

The  Many  Glacier  Region 

Returning  now  to  the  automobile  highway  at 
St.  Mary  Chalets,  the  journey  continues  along 
the  shores  of  lower  St.  Mary  Lake  and  up  the 
Swiftcurrent  valley  to  Many  Glacier  Hotel. 

From  the  automobile  the  tourist  gets  a  com- 
prehensive view  of  Chief  Mountain,  Yellow. 
Appekunny  and  Altyn  Mountains  on  the  right 
of  the  road  as  the  Swiftcurrent  Valley  is  entered, 
while  at  the  left  Boulder  Ridge,  Point  Mountain, 
and  Mt.  Al'en  keep  changing  their  outlines  as 
the  auto  progresses  along  the  winding  road. 

The  mountains  become  more  spectacular,  and 
their  height  is  magnified,  as  the  valley  gradually 
contracts.  The  road  apparently  is  approaching 
a  solid  stone  wall  thousands  of  feet  high,  and  it 
would  appear  that  no  other  exit  from  this  narrow 
valley  could  possibly  be  made  except  by  the  same 
route  that  one  enters. 

It  is,  however,  due  to  the  number  and  variety 
of  side  trips  from  this  scenic  center  that  the 
Many  Glacier  Region  has  become  the  principal 
focal  point  for  trail  trips. 

Ahead  of  the  tourist  are  the  massive,  impen- 
etrable-looking walls  of  the  Continental  Divide. 
The  mountain  commanding  the  center  of  the 
picture  is  Grinnell;  to  the  left  of  that  is  Gould 
Mountain,  easily  recognized  by  the  wide  band  of 
colored  rock  near  the  top,  and  its  roof-like  for- 
mation. 

High  up  on  the  Garden  Wall,  the  thin  ridge 
connecting  the  two,  is  Grinnell  Glacier.  It  is  a 
shapely  glacier — not  forbidding  and  repellant — 
but  inviting  and  friendly.  The  music  of  its 
cataracts  calls  to  the  tourists  to  come  and  play 
in  its  front  yard  among  the  flowers,  rocks  and 
moss  on  the  terminal  moraine. 

To  the  right  of  Grinnell  Mountain  is  Swift- 
current  Mountain,  and  in  a  depression  or  saddle 
between  these  two  is  Swiftcurrent  Pass. 

The  little  Swiss-type  log  buildings  on  the  right 
of  the  road  are  the  Many  Glacier  Chalets,  and 
crossing  the  rustic  bridge  below  McDermott 
Falls,  the  road  swings  around  a  shoulder  of  rock 
— an  offshoot  of  Mt.  Allen — ending  on  the  shores 
of  Lake  McDermott  at  Many  Glacier  Hotel. 

From  the  front  porches  of  this  hotel,  an  in- 
spiring mountain  panorama  is  spread  before  the 
tourist,  and  those  who  find  the  walking  and 
horseback  tours  too  strenuous  take  a  deep  de- 
light in  the  ever-changing  picture  to  be  seen  from 
the  hotel  itself. 

From  here  trails  radiate  in  several  directions 
and  the  question  for  the  tourist  to  decide  is 
which  trip  to  make  first.  A  comparatively  short 
and  easy  side  jaunt  is  that  to  Iceberg  Lake,  a 
two-hour  journey  from  the  hotel. 

A  Miniature  Polar  Sea 

Iceberg  Lake  is  a  miniature  Polar  sea.  This 
unique  body  of  water  makes  a  vivid  impression. 
The  little  turquoise  lake,  covering  perhaps  100 
acres,  is  backed  up  with  a  head  wall  3,000  feet 
above  the  surface  of  the  water.  It  is  never  free 
from  ice.  During  the  warm  days  of  July  and 
August,  huge  chunks  of  ice  break  off  the  face  of 


Page  nineteen 


the  glacier  at  the  head  of  the  lake  and  these 
icebergs  float  around  for  days  before  they  melt 
or  become  sufficiently  small  to  find  their  way  over 
the  falls  at  the  outlet.  This  is  a  good  place  to 
get  a  view  of  mountain  goats  and  big-horn  sheep. 
They  are  frequently  seen  working  their  way  along 
the  ledges,  feeding  on  the  grass  and  moss. 

Up  Canyon  Creek  to  Cracker  Lake 

In  the  opposite  direction  from  the  hotel  is 
another  favorite  trip.  The  Cracker  Lake  trail 
follows  Canyon  Creek  to  its  source  in  Cracker 
Lake  at  the  head  of  the  canyon  formed  by  the 
high  walls  of  Mt.  Allen  and  Siyeh  Mountain. 
The  trail  is  a  fascinating  one,  crossing  and  re- 
crossing  the  turbulent  twistings  of  Canyon 
Creek.  It  is  well  for  the  tourist  to  take  a  fish 
rod  along  and  try  matching  his  skill  against  the 
mountain  trout  in  the  stream  and  lake.  The 
canyon  ends  abruptly,  further  progress  being 
blocked  by  the  highly  colored  perpendicular  wall 
of  Siyeh  Mountain. 

Grinnell  Lake  and  Glacier 

Grinnell.  Josephine  and  McDermott  form  a 
chain  of  glacier-fed  lakes,  the  water  source  being 
the  melted  snow  and  ice  of  Grinnell  Glacier. 
The  trail  skirts  the  edges  of  the  lakes  and  it  is  a 
trip  of  but  a  few  hours  to  the  upper,  or  Grinnell 
Lake.  Discharging  from  the  face  of  Grinnell 
Glacier,  three  large  cataracts  tumble  their  waters 
down  the  steep  slope  into  the  lake.  The  milky 
appearance  of  the  water  indicates  it  is  of  glacial 
origin.  The  color  is  due  to  the  fine  silt  and 
pulverized  rock,  the  result  of  movement  of  the 
glacier. 

Piegan  Pass  and  Morning  Eagle  Falls 

Piegan  Pass  trail  is  built  along  the  west  side  of 
Mt.  Allen,  following  the  contour  of  the  valley,  to 
Grinnell  Lake,  and  crossing  a  small  wooded 
ridge,  continues  along  Cataract  Creek  to  Morn- 
ing Eagle  Falls.  The  trip  from  Many  Glacier 
Hotel  to  Morning  Eagle  Falls  and  return  is  rec- 
ommended to  those  who  do  not  care  for  the 
higher  altitudes.  The  trail,  by  means  of  switch- 
backs, makes  its  way  above  the  falls  to  the  sum- 
mit of  the  Pass.  From  here  it  follows  the  shale- 
rock  slopes  down  to  the  timber  line  on  Going-to- 
the-Sun  mountain  and  continues  on  to  St.  Mary 
Lake  and  Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets.  This  is  a 
trip  of  many  marvelous  miles  of  stupendous 
mountain  scenery.  From  the  summit  of  the 
Pass.  Blackfeet  Glacier  is  seen  sparkling  in  the 
sunlight  backed  by  the  irregular  peaks  of  Jack- 
son. Almost-a-dog.  Citadel  and  Blackfeet  moun- 
tains. 

Over  Swiftcurrent  Pass 

John  Muir  says:  "Few  places  in  the  world  are 
more  dangerous  than  home.  Fear  not,  therefore, 
to  try  the  mountain  passes.  They  kill  care,  save 
you  from  deadly  apathy,  set  you  free  and  call 
forth  every  faculty  into  vigorous,  enthusiastic 
action." 

No  one  should  fail  to  go  over  Swif  tcurrent  Pass. 
A  splendid  trail  from  Many  Glacier  Hotel  wan- 
ders along  the  Swiftcurrent  River,  between  Grin- 
nell and  Wilbur  Mountains  to  the  foot  of  Swift- 


current  Mountain.  Here  it  zig-zags  up  to  Rocky 
Point,  a  sharp,  projecting  shoulder  ot  the  moun- 
tain. From  the  summit  of  thia  point,  about  two- 
thirds  of  the  distance  to  the  pass,  an  impressive 
view  is  obtained.  Looking  east  down  the  Swift- 
current  valley,  nine  lakes  can  be  counted,  the  last 
one — Duck  Lake — being  twenty  miles  to  the  east 
on  the  Blackfeet  Indian  Reservation.  Another 
mile  brings  one  to  the  summit  of  the  pass,  and 
after  crossing  several  large  snow  patches  that  re- 
fuse to  submit  to  the  rays  of  Old  Sol,  a  signboard 
indicates  that  an  altitude  of  7 1 56  feet  above 
level  has  been  attained — the  top  of  the  pass. 

Several  shelf  glaciers  have  been  seen  onthewa 
clinging  to  the  east  side  of  the  mountain.     De- 
scending the  west  side,  a  few  minutes'  ride,  an 
two  small  stone  chalets  come  into  view, 
are  the  Granite  Park  chalets. 

Granite  Park  and  Vicinity 

The  trip  to  Granite  Park  chalets  and  back 
be  made  in  one  day,  but  to  appreciate  the  beauty 
of  the  region  no  less  than  two  days  should  be  de- 
voted to  it,  as  there  are  some  short  walking  trips 
radiating  from  the  Granite  Park  chalets. 

Another  longer  trip  is  the  three-day  triangle 
trip — leaving  Many  Glacier  Hotel  the  first  day 
and  going  over  Swiftcurrent  Pass  to  Granite 
Park;  on  the  second  day  going  over  Logan  Pass 
to  Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets;  and  on  the  third 
day  returning  via  Piegan  Pass  to  Many  Glac 
Hotel. 

Granite  Park  is  a  wide  plateau  bulging  from 
the  west  side  of  the  Continental  wall,  6500  feet 
above  sea  level,  at  the  edge  of  the  timber  line. 
Ahead  of  it  is  the  wide,  heavily-timbered  Mc- 
Donald Valley.  Directly  across  the  deep  green 
valley  is  Heaven's  Peak,  whose  stately  outlines 
are  enhanced  by  the  snow  clinging  to  its  sides  like 
fine  lint.  A  trail  to  the  south  takes  one  over  Lo- 
gan Pass  to  Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets;  a  foot 
trail  leads  to  the  Garden  Wall,  where  one  can  see 
over  the  top  of  the  wall,  and  look  far  down  the 
Swiftcurrent  and  Cataract  valleys,  and  onto 
Grinnell  Glacier  below. 


A  Tumbled  Mass  of  Peaks 


rea 

ay, 


ana 

± 

utte. 


Another  foot  trail,  requiring  a  walk  of  about  an 
hour  to  the  top  of  Swiftcurrent  Mountain,  will 
spread  before  the  tourist  one  of  the  broadest,  and 
most  inspiring  views  in  any  land.  To  the  sout 
beyond  the  goat-haunted  ledges  of  the  Ga 
Wall,  the  embattled  summits  of  Haystack  But 
Mt.  Pollock,  Mt.  Brown,  Oberlin  and  Cannon 
Mountains  appear  as  a  jumbled  collection  of 
discarded  fortresses.  To  the  north  there  is  the 
same  extravagant  piling-up  of  resplendent,  lofty 
ridges,  the  same  unequal  line  of  spires  and  peaks, 
of  points  and  crags — their  deep  sun-protected 
recesses,  vast  receptacles  for  the  inevitable  masses 
of  eternal  snow. 

Another  fifteen-minute  walk  takes  one  to 
Rosenwald  Ridge,  just  north  of  the  chalets.  Here 
an  excellent  view  of  Mt.  Cleveland  is  obtained,  as 
well  as  Trapper  Peak.  Vulture  Peak,  and  other 
mountains  to  the  north  and  west.  Trails  also 
lead  from  here  to  Lake  McDonald  on  the  South, 
and  north  to  Waterton  Lake. 


Page  twenty 


1 


©  R.  E.  Marble  HEAD  OF  LAKE  McDONALD 

The  mountain  framing  of  the  upper  end  of  the  lake  is  of  distinctively  Alpine  character 


Page  t w en ty -one 


LEWIS'  (GLACIER)  HOTEL 
Located  on  beautifully  wooded  slopes  at  the  upper  end  of  Lake  McDonald  are  modern  resort  facilities 

Entering  the  Park  at  Belton 

Western  Gateway 


Belton,  Montana,  is  the  railroad  station  at  the 
western  entrance  to  the  Park.  The  Belton  Cha- 
lets near  the  station  provide  accommodations  for 
tourists  waiting  for  trains  or  stage  connections. 
An  auto  stage  makes  regular  trips  to  the  foot  of 
Lake  McDonald,  connecting  with  launch  service 
for  resorts  at  the  head  of  the  lake.  A  wide  ma- 
cadam road,  built  through  a  forest  of  heavy  cedar 
and  spruce,  leads  to  the  foot  of  Lake  McDonald, 
three  miles  north  of  Belton. 

At  the  lower  end  of  the  lake  the  road  swings  to 
the  left  and  continues  up  the  valley  of  the  North 
Fork  of  the  Flathead  River,  to  Bowman  and 
Kintla  Lakes.  This  road  is  not  suitable  for 
automobile  travel,  except  for  a  few  miles  beyond 
Lake  McDonald. 

On  and  Around  Lake  McDonald 

Lake  McDonald  is  a  mountain-framed  body  of 
water  occupying  the  lower  end  of  the  McDonald 
Valley.  It  has  an  irregular  shore  line,  heavily 
timbered,  with  a  splendid  grouping  of  mountains 
at  the  upper  end.  the  principal  ones  being  Mt. 
Vaught.  8.840  feet;  Mt.  Brown.  8.541  feet;  and 
Cannon  Mountain.  8.000  feet.  The  highest  peak 
in  this  region  is  Edwards  Mountain.  9,055  feet. 

McDonald  Creek,  heading  on  the  Continental 
Divide  near  Trappers  Peak,  twenty-five  miles 
north,  comes  rollicking  down  the  valley  between 
the  mountains  as  though  it  was  happy  in  its  end- 
less task  of  keeping  the  lake  well  supplied  with  its 
matchless  blue  water. 

There  is  very  good  fishing  in  Lake  McDonald 
as  well  as  in  the  tributary  streams.  Two  miles 
above  the  outlet  of  McDonald  creek  is  Paradise 


Canyon,  a  rocky  gorge  very  narrow  and  deep, 
with  some  attractive  waterfalls  in  it. 

Avalanche  Basin  and  Lake  are  a  day's  trip  to 
the  north.  Avalanche  Basin  is  one  of  the  finest 
examples  of  a  glacial  cirque  in  the  Park.  The 
walls  at  the  back  of  the  basin  are  over  three  thou- 
sand feet  high.  At  the  top  of  this  wall  is  Sperry 
Glacier  and  the  melting  ice  of  the  glacier  spills 
over  the  precipice  in  a  half-dozen  torrential 
streams.  Most  of  the  water  reaches  the  lake,  but 
a  great  quantity  is  blown  away  in  mist  as  it 
dashes  against  the  rocks  in  its  downward  plunge. 

From  Lewis'  Hotel  a  good  trail  is  built  around 
the  south  side  of  Edwards  Mountain  and  up 
Sprague  Creek  to  Sperry  Glacier.  This  glacier 
covers  about  a  square  mile  in  area,  and  the  sum- 
mit is  comparatively  flat.  It  is  a  four -hour 
trip  from  Lake  McDonald,  and  the  last  mile  of 
the  journey  must  be  made  on  foot  up  the  almost 
perpendicular  wall  of  the  mountain.  Those  in- 
terested in  studying  glaciers  will  find  Sperry 
easily  accessible;  the  chalet  close  at  hand  will  en- 
able one  to  spend  several  days,  if  he  chooses,  in 
examining  it.  One  may  look  down  into  Ava- 
lanche Basin  from  its  terminal  moraine. 

Trout  Lake,  about  eight  miles  west  of  Lake 
McDonald,  is  a  favorite  fishing  place,  and  Snyder 
Lake  four  miles  east  is  another  angler's  delight. 

Sperry  Glacier  Chalets  are  passed  on  the  way 
to  Sperry  Glacier.  Continuing  east  from  the  cha- 
lets, the  trail  finds  its  way  out  of  the  basin  over 
Lincoln  Divide  and  Gunsight  Pass  to  Going-to- 
the-Sun  chalets. 

Lake  McDonald  is  also  the  starting  point  for 
camping  trips  up  the  North  Fork  of  the  Flathead 


Page  t  w  e  n  t  \ 


River,  taking  in  Bowman  and  Kintla  Lakes, 
crossing  the  Divide  at  Brown's  Pass  to  Water- 
ton  Lake,  and  either  returning  down  McDonald 
Valley  or  crossing  Swiftcurrent  Pass  and  contin- 
uing the  trip  on  the  east  side  of  the  Park. 

Camping  Trips  in  the  North  Country 

North  of  the  Many  Glacier  region,  there  is  a  big 
area  which  but  few  people  have  seen.  There  be- 
ing no  hotel  accommodations,  a  camp  outfit  is  re- 
quired in  order  to  explore  it. 

The  first  valley  north  of  the  Swiftcurrent  is 
Kennedy.  Continuing  across  Kennedy  Valley 
and  over  the  hump  of  Chief  Mountain,  the  trail 
brings  one  into  the  Belly  River  Valley.  Near  the 
boundary  of  the  Park,  this  river  forks;  one  branch 
leads  to  Elizabeth  and  1  I  el  en  Lakes,  fed  by  Ahern 
Glacier,  the  other  leads  to  Glenns  Lake  whose 
source  is  Chancy  Glacier  on  the  Continental  Di- 
vide. From  the  Belly  River  one  can  go  by  trail 
to  Waterton  Lake.  The  return  trip  is  made 
down  the  Kootenai  Valley  to  Granite  Park  and 
continued  over  Swiftcurrent  Pass  to  Many  Gla- 
cier Hotel,  or  on  to  Lake  McDonald. 

Camping  trips  of  short  or  long  duration  can  be 
arranged  for  by  giving  the  Park  Saddle-Horse 
Company  reasonable  notice.  A  trip  of  a  week  or 
ten  days  is  a  pleasant  diversion  from  the  hotel 
and  chalet  life  for  those  who  like  to  do  a  little  ex- 
ploring and  wander  off  the  beaten  paths.  The 
equipment  used  on  these  trips  is  designed  to  con- 
tribute to  one's  comfort  as  much  as  possible,  con- 
sidering the  limitations  of  pack-horse  transporta- 
tion. Individual  tents  are  used  which  accommo- 
date either  one  or  two  persons.  Mattress  pads  are 
provided,  cotton  sheets  may  be  had  if  desired. 

The  charge  for  this  service  is  based  on  the 
number  of  people  in  the  party  and  includes  horses, 
guides,  tents,  provisions,  bedding,  etc.  Many 
interesting  points  in  the  park  can  be  reached 
only  by  this  means.  A  thirty-day  camping  trip 
will  enable  one  to  cover  practically  every  trail  in 
the  park  by  moving  camp  every  day.  This  is  a 
delightful  and,  though  somewhat  strenuous,  is  a 
healthful  and  interesting  form  of  outing. 

Personally-Conducted    Saddle   and 
Pack  Trips  Off  the  Beaten  Paths 

A  most  enjoyable  way  of  seeing  Glacier 
National  Park  is  to  join  an  all-expense  horseback 
camping  party  conducted  by  experienced  guides 
authorized  by  the  Government  to  personally  es- 
cort such  excursions. 

For  the  names  and  addresses  of  the  licensees  and 
other  information  concerning  these  "Roughing- 
it-in-comfort"  trips,  apply  to  National  Park  Ser- 
vice, Department  of  the  Interior,  Washington, 
D.  C. ;  or  Manager  of  the  Bureau  of  Service,  Na- 
tional Parks  and  Monuments;  or  Travel  Bureau, 
Western  Lines,  646  Transportation  Building, 
Chicago,  111. 

Ideal  for  Walking  Tours 

Walking  as  a  recreation  has  become  a  popular 
pastime.  Glacier  National  Park  is  unusually 
adapted  to  this  kind  of  an  outing.  Its  varied 
scenery  and  convenient  facilities  contribute  to 
the  comfort  and  pleasure  of  the  hiker  For  those 
who  follow  the  trails  afoot,  the  hotels  and  chalets, 
located  at  reasonable  intervals,  provide  shelter 


and  food,  so  that  a  night  need  not  be  spent  in  the 
open,  nor  need  heavy  packs  be  carried. 

For  those  who  would  combine  walking  and  rid- 
ing, excellent  automobile  and  launch  service  is 
available,  thus  enabling  one  to  proceed  easily  and 
quickly  to  the  various  centers  of  scenic  interest, 
and  from  these  points  to  penetrate  the  interior  of 
the  Park  afoot.  As  an  interesting  diversion,  one 
can  make  some  of  the  longer  trips  over  the  trails 
on  horseback. 

The  mountain  paths  are  so  charming;  they 
wander  about  so  capriciously;  they  run  so  mer- 
rily over  the  moss  in  the  woods  and  beside  the 
babbling  brooks;  they  climb  so  cheerfully  up  the 
s  opes  and  hillsides,  and  lead  you  through  so 
much  freshness  and  perfume  and  varied  scenery, 
that  the  pleasures  of  sight  soon  make  one  obliv- 
ious of  bodily  fatigue. 

Park  Administration 

Glacier  National  Park  is  under  the  jurisdiction 
of  the  Director,  National  Park  Service,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.,  Department  of  the  Interior.  The 
headquarters  of  the  superintendent  are  located  at 
Belton,  Montana. 

Open  Season 

The  tourist  season  is  from  June  1  5  to  Septem- 
ber 15.  Hotel  and  transportation  facilities  are 
available  during  this  period. 

How  to  Reach  the  Park 

Glacier  Park  station,  Mont.,  the  principal  and 
eastern  entrance,  is  1 ,081  miles  west  of  St.  Paul,  a 
ride  of  thirty-four  hours.  Belton,  Mont.,  the 
western  entrance,  is  637  miles  east  of  Seattle,  a 
ride  of  twenty-two  hours.  Good  train  service  is 
available  from  Chicago,  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis, 
St.  Louis,  Kansas  City,  Omaha,  Denver,  Port- 
land, Tacoma,  Seattle  and  Spokane,  connecting 
with  trains  from  all  other  sections. 

Excursion  Fares 

During  the  summer  season,  round-trip  excursion 
tickets  at  reduced  fares  are  sold  at  practically  all 
stations  in  the  United  States  and  Canada  to  Gla- 
cier Park  as  a  destination.  Tickets  reading  to 
Glacier  Park  station  will  be  honored  to  or  from 
Belton,  and  tickets  reading  to  Belton  will  be  hon- 
ored to  or  from  Glacier  Park  station,  at  option  of 
passengers  and  without  additional  charge.  From 
same  sections  excursion  tickets  are  also  sold  to 
Glacier  Park  which  permit  opportunity  to  visit 
Yellowstone  National  Park,  enabling  passengers 
to  make  circuit  tours  of  these  two  parks  and,  if 
journeying  through  Colorado,  side-trips  to  Rocky 
Mountain  and  Mesa  Verde  National  Parks  if 
desired. 

Passengers  wishing  to  visit  Glacier  National 
Park  en  route  to  other  destinations,  may  stop 
over  at  Glacier  Park  station  or  at  Belton  on 
round-trip  or  one-way  tickets. 

Baggage 

Passengers  should  be  careful  to  make  sure  their 
baggage  is  checked  to  the  point  they  intend  to 
enter  the  Park — either  Glacier  Park  station  or 
Belton. 

Storage  charges  on  baggage  at  Glacier  Park 
station  and  at  Belton  will  be  waived  for  actual 
length  of  time  consumed  by  passengers  in  making 
Park  tours. 


Page  twenty -three 


UMITtD  STATCS-DOHINlON  Of  CANADA  COUNDARr  UHl 

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NOTE 

Di:Unct  btlwt to  Glacltr  Park  SI*. 
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GLACIER 
NATIONAL  PARK 


MONTANA 

Scale 


Railroads 


Automobile  Roads 
*ya/n   Trails 
Other   Trails 


Park  Transportation  Facilities 

Automobile  stages  on  the  roads,  launches  on  the 
lakes,  and  saddle  horses  over  the  trails,  are  the 
means  of  transportation.  Glacier  Park  Hotel. 
Two  Medicine  Chalets.  Cut  Bank  and  St.  Mary 
Chalets  and  Many  Glacier  1  lotel  are  all  on  the 
automobile  highway.  Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets 
are  reached  by  launch  from  St.  Mary  chalets. 
Lake  McDonald  is  reached  by  auto  stages  from 
Belton  connecting  with  launches  for  resorts  up  the 
lake.  There  are  so  many  trips  available  that  few 


people  can  stay  long  enough  to  enjoy  them  all. 
For  this  reason  several  combination  tours  are 
shown  in  this  book. 

Five  hundred  saddle  horses  are  required  to 
meet  the  demand  for  trail  trips.  These  sure- 
footed ponies  are  trained  for  mountain  trails  and 
will  carry  one  up  the  steepest  places  and  over  the 
summits.  It  is  this  diversity  of  transportation 
facilities  and  variety  of  tours  that  have  been 
prominent  factors  in  the  popularity  of  Glacier 
National  Park. 


Page  twenty-four 


Hotel  and  Chalet  Rates  and  Accommodations 


Glacier  Park  Hotel: 

Located  at  Glacier  Park  Station,  eastern  entrance  to  the 
Park.  200  rooms,  accommodations  for  over  400  people — 
electric  lighted,  steam  heat,  room  telephones,  running 
water,  laundry,  rooms  with  private  bath,  cuisine  and 
service  of  high  order,  plunge  pool,  shower  baths,  sun  par- 
lor, open  camp  fire  in  lobby,  lounging  and  music  room,  a 
la  carte  grill  room. 

New  Many  Glacier  Motel: 

Located  55  miles  north  of  Glacier  Park  Hotel,  on  scenic 
automobile  highway.  Automobile  stage  service  to  and 
from  Glacier  Park  Hotel  daily.  This  new  hotel  contains 
accommodations  for  500  guests — electric  lighted,  steam 
heated,  room  telephones,  laundry,  rooms  with  private 
bath- — plunge  pool — open  camp  fires  in  lobby  —  In- 
dian room  cafe.  Starting  point  for  trail  trips. 
Rates  at  Glacier  Park  Hotel  and  Many  Glacier  Hotel 
$4.50  and  $5.00  without  bath,  dependent  on  location. 
$5.50.  $6.00.  $7.00  and  $8.00  per  day  with  bath,  depend- 
ent on  location.  Ametican  plan,  operated  by  the  Glacier 
Park  Hotel  Company.  Glacier  Park.  Mont,  or  1 030  Rail- 
road Building.  St.  Paul.  Minn. 

Glacier  Park  Hotel  Company's  Chalet  Groups: 

Throughout  Glacier  National  Park,  distant  from  ten  to 
sixteen  miles  from  each  other,  the  Glacier  Park  Hotel 
Company  maintains  and  operates  the  following  perma- 
nent chalets,  or  small  hotels.  Rates  at  all  chalets  $4.00 
per  day.  American  plan,  viz.:  $1.00  for  meals  and  $1.00 
for  lodging. 

Two  Medicine  Chalets: 

Command  a  view  of  the  mountains  and  lakes  of  the  Two 
Medicine  Country,  reached  by  automobile,  horseback,  or 
afoot.  12  miles  from  Glacier  Park  Hotel.  Electric 
lighted,  detached  shower  or  tub  baths.  5G  cents.  Capac- 
ity 100  guests. 

Cut  Bank  Chalets: 

Located  in  the  Cut  Bank  Valley.  22  miles  from  Glacier 
Park  Hotel,  a  popular  rendezvous  for  fishermen.  From 
this  camp  it  is  a  day's  side  trip  to  Triple  Divide  Mountain, 
where  the  water  flows  three  ways.  Capacity  45  guests. 

St.  Mary  Chalets: 

Located  on  lower  end  of  upper  St.  Mary  Lake.  32  miles 
from  Glacier  Park  Hotel.  The  going-in  point  for  tourists 
visiting  the  Going-to-the-Sun  Chalet.  Side  trip  is  made 
from  here  to  Red  Eagle  Lake,  a  popular  fishing  trip. 
Electric  lighted,  detached  shower  or  tub  baths.  50  cents. 
Capacity  125  guests. 

Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets: 

Located  on  the  northwest  shore  of  St.  Mary  Lake,  nine 
miles  up  lake  from  St.  Mary  Chalets,  commanding  a  view 
of  the  Continental  Divide.  Reached  by  boat  from  St. 
Mary  Chalets,  or  afoot  or  horseback  from  interior  points. 
Detached  shower  or  tub  baths.  50  cents,  electric  lighted. 
Capacity  150  guests. 

Many  Glacier  Chalets: 

Located  one-eighth  of  a  mile  from  the  new  Many  Glacier 
Hotel.  Side  trips  from  this  point  same  as  from  Many 
Glacier  Hotel.  Detached  shower  or  tub  baths  at  hotel, 
50  cents.  Capacity  100  guests.  Electric  lighted.  Cha- 
let guests  take  meals  in  main  dining  room  of  Many  Gla- 
cier Hotel. 

V 

Granite  Park  Chalets: 

Located  on  the  west  side  of  the  Continental  Divide  in 
Granite  Park.  Reached  by  horseback  or  afoot  from 
Many  Glacier  Hotel  via  Swiftcurrent  Pass.  Capacity 
60  guests. 

Sperry  Glacier  Chalets: 

Located  on  the  west  side  of  the  Continental  Divide,  near 
Sperry  Glacier.  Reached  by  horseback  or  afoot  from 
Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets  or  Lake  McDonald.  Capac- 
ity 75  guests. 

Belton  Chalets: 

Located  on  the  railroad  at  Belton  station,  the  western 
entrance  to  the  Park,  three  miles  from  Lake  McDonald, 
fifty-eight  miles  west  of  Glacier  Park  station.  Detached 
•hower  or  tub  baths.  50  cents.  Capacity  125  guests. 


Furnished  Chalets  For  Rent: 

At  Many  Glacier  there  are  three  chalets  which  are  fur- 
nished and  equipped  for  housekeeping,  and  which  are  for 
rent  by  the  month  or  season.  Each  of  these  contains  bed- 
rooms, kitchenette  and  shower  bath,  and  has  accommoda- 
tions for  6  to  1 2  people.  Linen  and  firewood  are  included 
in  the  furnishings;  supplies  may  be  purchased  at  the 
Many  Glacier  Store.  Rates  for  rental  of  these  chalets 
may  be  obtained  upon  application. 

Medical  Service: 

A  physician  is  located  at  the  Glacier  Park  Hotel.  A 
trained  nurse  is  stationed  at  Glacier  Park  Hotel,  another 
at  Many  Glacier  Hotel.  Their  services  are  available  at 
all  times  at  standard  professional  rates.  A  line  of  medical 
and  surgical  supplies  is  carried  in  the  dispensary  at  each 
hotel. 

Rates  for  Children: 

The  following  rates  are  authorized  for  children  at  the 
above  hotels  and  chalets  when  accompanied  by  parents 
or  guardians: 

Children  five  years  of  age  and  over,  full  rate. 
Children  under  five  years  of  age,  one-half  rate. 

Lake  McDonald  Resorts: 

There  is  one  large  hotel  and  two  cottage  resorts  on  Lake 
McDonald  on  west  side  of  park,  reached  from  Belton  via 
auto  road  and  launch. 

Lewis'  (Glacier)  Hotel: 

At  upper  end  of  Lake;  accommodations  for  225  guests; 
electric  lighted;  steam  heat;  laundry;  rooms  with  private 
bath.  Starting  point  for  trail  trips.  Rates:  $4.00  and 
$5.00  per  day;  with  bath  $6.00  per  day.  American  plan. 
J  E.  Lewis,  Proprietor,  Lake  McDonald.  Mont. 

Park  Cabin  Resort: 

At  head  of  Lake  McDonald.  Several  log  cottages  and 
central  dining  room.  Rates  $2.50  to  $3.00  per  day. 
James  Conlon  (trustee).  Proprietor.  Belton.  Mont. 

National  Park  Cabin  Resort: 

At  foot  of  Lake  McDonald.  Log  cabins  for  rent.  No 
dining  room.  Rates  on  application.  H.  D.  Apgar. 
Proprietor.  Belton.  Mont. 

Open  Season: 

The  season  is  June  15th  to  September  15th,  and  the 
hotels  are  open  at  that  time.  Some  years  on  account  of 
heavy  snowfall,  Sperry  Chalets  and  Granite  Park  Chalets 
are  not  opened  until  a  week  or  two  later.  Lewis'  Hotel 
opens  June  1st. 

Telegraph  and  Telephone  Service: 

Glacier  Park  Station  and  Belton  are  Western  Union  Tele- 
graph offices  and  service  is  available  from  all  hotels  and 
chalets  in  connection  with  the  Park  Telephone  System. 

Mail: 

Guests  stopping  at  hotels  and  chalets  on  the  east  side 
should  have  mail  addressed  care  of  Glacier  Park  Hotel, 
Glacier  Park,  Mont. — this  is  the  post  office  for  Glacier 
Park  and  Many  Glacier  Hotels,  and  the  Chalets.  Mail 
for  Lake  McDonald  resorts  should  be  addressed  to  Lake 
McDonald  P.  O..  Mont.,  or  to  Belton. 

Clothing  Suggestions: 

Light-weight  woolen  underwear  or  heavy  cotton  under- 
wear is  recommended;  wool  is  preferable  as  the  weather 
may  be  quite  warm  on  the  lower  levels  but  cool  on  the 
summits  of  the  passes.  If  one  contemplates  buying 
special  outing  clothing,  the  brown  khaki  is  most  econom- 
ical and  serviceable.  It  is  light  in  weight,  and  as  it  is 
tightly  woven,  keeps  out  the  wind  and  to  a  limited  ex- 
tent, will  shed  water.  For  either  horseback  riding  or 
walking,  the  khaki  riding  breeches  are  recommended  for 
both  men  and  women. 

Stout  shoes  or  outing  boots,  canvas  leggings  or  leather 
puttees,  a  pair  of  gloves  and  a  comfortable  old  soft  hat. 
complete  the  outfit.  A  heavy  outer  wrap  should  be  pro- 
vided, such  as  a  sweater  or  mackinaw.  A  very  complete 
line  of  suitable  clothing  is  for  sale  at  the  stores  in  the 
hotels  at  reasonable  prices. 


Page  twenty-jive 


A  BLACKFEET  INDIAN  CAMP 
I  he  Blackfeet  Indians  have  left  a  lasting  impress  of  their  occupation  on  this  region,  many  mountains  and  lakes  bearing 


their  original  Indian  na 


Page  twenty-six 


ST.  MARY  LAKE 
At  St.  Mary  Chalets— Transfer  is  made  from  autos  to  a  sturdy  launch  for  the  trip  up  the  lake 


Automobile  and  Launch  Service 


The  Glacier  Park  Transportation  Company  is 
licensed  by  the  United  States  Government  to 
operate  automobile  stages  within  the  Park. 
Comfortable  ten-passenger  auto  stages  are  used. 
These  stages  run  on  regular  schedules  as  follows: 

Between  Glacier  Park  Hotel,  St.  Mary,  and 
Many  Glacier  Hotel. 

Northbound  Daily 

Leave  Glacier  Park ...  8:00  a.  m. 

Arrive  St.  Mary  Chalets 10:45  a.  m. 

Leave  St.  Mary  Chalets 1  1 :00  a.  m. 

Arrive  Many  Glacier  Hotel 12:45  p.  m. 

Southbound  Daily 

Leave  Many  Glacier  Hotel 1 :30  p.  m. 

Arrive  St.  Mary  Chalets 3:15  p.  m. 

Leave  St.  Mary  Chalets 3:30  p.  m. 

Arrive  Glacier  Park  Hotel 6:15  p.  m. 

As  soon  as  traffic  warrants  additional  service 
is  provided,  leaving  Glacier  Park  Hotel  at  1 :30 
5.  M.,  arriving  at  Many  Glacier  Hotel  at  6:15 
P.  M.,  and  leaving  Many  Glacier  Hotel  at 
8:00  A.  M.,  arriving  at  Glacier  Park  Hotel  at 
12:45  P.  M. 

Between  Glacier  Park  Hotel  and  Two  Medi- 
cine Chalets: 

Leave  Glacier  Park  Hotel 2:00  p.  m. 

Arrive  Two  Medicine  Chalets 3:00  p.  m. 

Leave  Two  Medicine  Chalets 4:00  p.  m. 

Arrive  Glacier  Park  Hotel 5.00  p.  m. 

Passenger  Fares 

One    Round 

Glacier  Park  Hotel  and  St.  Mary  Chalets  .   $3.50  $7.00 
Glacier  Park  Hotel  and  Many  Glacier  Hotel .    6.50  1 3.00 
St.  Mary  Chalets  and  Many  Glacier  Hotel  .  .    3.00  6.00 
Glacier  Park  Hotel  and  Two  Medicine  Cha- 
lets                                       1  50  3.00 

*Glacier  Park  Hotel  and  Cut  Bank  Chalets      '  5.00 

Bel  ton  and  Lake  McDonald 50  1.00 

*Rate  applies  only  for  minimum  of  4  fare*. 


Baggage  Transportation : 

The  following  rates  apply  for  the  transportation  of  bag- 
gage between  points  in  Glacier  National  Park,  via  auto 
express  service.  Auto  stages  are  not  equipped  to  handle 
heavy  baggage  and  same  must  go  on  first  auto  truck  fol- 
lowing. 

Passengers  touring  Park  will  be  permitted  to  carry  with 
them  free  on  automobiles,  stages  or  launches,  one  piece  of 
hand  baggage  weighing  not  to  exceed  20  pounds. 

BETWEEN  Baggage  Rate 

I  runk  Grip 

Glacier  Park  Hotel  and  Two  Medicine  Cha- 
lets                    .  ..$1.00  $  .50 

Glacier  Park  Hotel  and  St.  Mary  Chalets    .    2.00  .50 

Glacier  Park  Hotel  and  Many-Glacier  Cha-  4  00  I  00 

lets 4.00  1.00 

Glacier    Park    Hotel    and    Going-to-the-Sun 

Chalets 2  50  I  00 

St.  Mary  Chalets  and  Going-to-the-Sun  Cha- 
lets                                               50  .25 

St.  Mary  Chalets  and  Many  Glacier  Chalets  2  00  .50 

Belton  Chalets  and  Lewis'  Hotel  .                    .1.00  .50 

Belton  Chalets  and  Foot  of  Lake  McDonald  .50  .25 
Foot  of  Lake  McDonald  and  Head  of  Lake 

McDonald 50  .25 

Freight  Rates  on  Automobiles  Between  Glacier 
Park  Station  and  Belton: 

An  automobile  highway  has  been  perfected  through  from 
Duluth.  St.  Paul,  Minneapolis  and  Grand  Forks.  N.  D..  to 
Glacier  Park  Station.  From  here  to  Belton  there  is  no 
road.  From  Belton,  Mont.,  the  automobile  highway 
continues  west  to  Spokane  and  the  Pacific  Coast  For 
the  convenience  of  automobilists  making  the  overland 
trip  in  their  cars  the  Railroad  will  have  in  effect  during 
the  Park  season  a  rate  of  $12.50  for  transporting  auto- 
mobiles between  Glacier  Park  Station  and  Belton  in 
either  direction. 


Launch  Service: 

Between  St.  Mary  Chalets  and  Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets 
on  St.   Mary  Lake,   and   between   the  foot  of  Lake  Mc- 
Donald and  head  of  lake,  launches  are  operated,  connect- 
ing with  auto  stages. 
Launch  fare — each  way $  .75 


P a %e  twenty-seven 


Saddle  Horse,  Pack  Horse  and  Guide  Rates 


The  Park  Saddle  Horse  Company  furnishes 
saddle  horses,  pack  horses  and  guides  under  con- 
cession from  the  United  States  Government. 


Scheduled  Trips 


Minimum 
Rate      number 
per       required 
n  party 


From  Glacier  Park  Hotel: 

*To  Mt.  Henry  and  return— 1 -day  trip    .  .$4.00 
*To  Two  Medicine  and  return — 2-day  trip 

via  Mt.  Henry  in  one  direction 8.00  3 

Inside  Trail  Trip — via  Two  Medicine. 
Mt.  Morgan.  Cut  Bank  Chalet*.  Triple 
Divide.  Red  Eagle  Lake.  St.  Mary  Cha- 
lets. Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets.  Piegan 
Pass  to  Many  Glacier  Hotel— A  5-day 

scenic  trip 18.00  5 

Same  trip  as  far  as  St.  Mary  Chalets  only 

—3-day  trip 13.25  5 

From  Many  Glacier  Hotel: 

*Iceberg  Lake  and  return — I -day  trip. . .  .  3.50 
Granite  Park  and  return — 2-day  trip.  . .  .  8.00 
Granite  Park  and  return— 1-day  trip 5.00 

*Cracker  Lake  and  return — 1-day  trip  .  .  .    3.50  I 
Morning  Eagle  Falls,  Piegan  Pass  and  re- 
turn—  I -day  trip 4.00  I 

Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets  via  Piegan  Pass 

one  way — I -day  trip 4.00  I 

tLogan  Pass  Triangle  Trip — via  Granite 
Park.  Logan  Pass.  Going-to-the-Sun  and 
Piegan  Pass  and  vice  versa — 3-day  trip.  12. 50 

*Ptarmigan  Lake  and  return — 1-day  trip  4  00 

*Grinnell  Lake  and  return  —  ^i-d&y  trip  .  3.50 
Grinnell  Glacier  and  return — 1-day  trip  .  4.00  3 


From  Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets: 

Many  Glacier  Hotel  via  Piegan  Pass  ....    4.00 
tTriangle    Trip:    via    Logan  Pass,  Granite 
Park.    Swiftcurrent    Pass.    Many    Glacier 
and    Piegan    Pass    or    vice    versa  —  3-day 

trip 12.50 

*Sexton  Glacier  and  return — %-<l*y  trip  .  .    3.50 


*Gunsight  Lake  and  return— 1 -day  trip  .  .$4.00 

*Roea  Basin  and  return — I -day  trip 4.00  3 

Lake  McDonald  via  Sperry  Chalets  and 
Gunsight  Pass — 2-day  trip,  stopping  over 
night  at  Sperry  Chalets 8.00  5 

From  St.  Mary  Chalets: 

*Red  Eagle  Lake  and  return— 1 -day  trip $  4.00     3 

Glacier  Park  Hotel  via  Red  Eagle.  Triple  Di- 
vide, Cut  Bank  Chalets,  and  Two  Medicine 
Chalets  (Inside  Trail  Trip)— 3-day  trip 13.25  5 

From  Lake  McDonald  (Lewis'  Hotel) : 

*Sperry  Glacier  and  return — 1-day  trip 4.00  3 

Lincoln  Peak  and  return — 1 -day  trip 4.00  3 

*Avalanche  Basin  and  return — I -day  trip 4.00  3 

Snyder  Lake  and  return — 1-day  trip 4.00  3 

Going-to-the-Sun    Chalets   via   Sperry   Chalets 

and  Gunsight  Pass — 2-day  trip 8.00  5 

For  Special  or  Non-Scheduled  Trips: 

Saddle  and  Pack  Horses,  per  day $  3. 

Guides,    including   Guides'    Horse   and   board    per 

day 8.00 

NOTE — Trips   marked    (*)    made   daily    during   season; 

other  trips  available  July  1st  to  Sept.  1st. 

CM      Parties  once   started   on  "Triangle  Trip"   will   not 

be  allowed    refund  in  case  of  withdrawal   before   trip  is 

completed. 

All  Expense  Camping  Trips 

Licensed  outfitters  in  Glacier  Park  are  pre- 
pared to  furnish  complete  camp  outfits  at  the 
following  prices  for  trips  of  ten  or  more  days. 

Cost  per 

day  per 

Person 

For  party  of  1 $25.00 

For  party  of  2 15.75 

For  party  of  3 12.65 

For  party  of  4 12.40 

For  party  of  5 1  1 .30 

For  party  of  6 10.60 

For  party  of  7  or  more 1 0.00 


amples  of  Combination  Tours  via  Auto,  Launch 
and  Saddle  Horse 


The  rates  quoted  cover  transportation  only  and 
do  not  include  meals  and  lodging  at  hotels  and 
chalets. 

Round 

FROM  GLACIER  PARK  HOTEL    Trip 

Per 

One-Day  Tour:  Person 

A  delightful  ride  by  auto  to  Two  Medicine  Lake 
and  Return:  Twelve  miles  to  Two  Medicine  Cha- 
lets—afternoon  trip.  .  .  $  3.00 

One-Day  Tour: 

By  saddle  horse  to  summit  of  Mt.  Henry  and  re- 
turn wonderful  view  of  Two  Medicine  Valley 
from  Summit.  Party  of  three  or  more 4.00 

One-Day  Tour: 

To  St.  Mary  Chalets  and  Going-to-the-Sun  Cha- 
lets by  auto  and  launch,  leaving  Glacier  Park 
Hotel  at  8  a.  m.  and  returning  at  6: 1  5  p.  m.  Round 
trip  85  miles  of  wonderful  scenery  .  .  8.50 

Two-Day  Tour: 

Glacier  Park  Hotel  to  Many  Glacier  Hotel  first 
day.  returning  second  day  and  making  side  trip 
to  Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets,  thence  via  St.  Mary 
to  Glacier  Park  Hotel.  Automobile  and  launch  14.50 

Three-Day  Tour: 

First  day  to  Many  Glacier  Hotel  via  auto;  second 
day  to  Iceberg  Lake  by  saddle  horse;  third  day  to 
Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets  via  auto  and  launch, 
thence  via  St.  Mary  and  auto  to  Glacier  Park 
Hotel 18.00 


Four-Day  Tour: 

First  day  via  auto  to  Many  Glacier  Hotel;  second 
day  saddle  horse  to  Iceberg  Lake;  third  day  saddle 
horse  to  Cracker  Lake;  fourth  day  to  Going-to-the- 
Sun  Chalets  via  auto  and  launch,  returning  same 
day  to  Glacier  Park  Hotel $21  50 

Five-Day  Tour: 

First  day  auto  to  Many  Glacier  Hotel;  second  day 
saddle  horse  to  Iceberg  Lake;  third  day  saddle 
horse  to  Granite  Park;  fourth  day  return  to  Many- 
Glacier  Hotel;  fifth  day  return  to  Glacier  Park 
Hotel  via  St  Mary  and  Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets.  26.00 

Six-Day  Tour: 

First  day  auto  to  Many  Glacier  Hotel;  second  day 
saddle  horse  to  Iceberg  Lake;  third  day  saddle 
horse  to  Cracker  Lake;  fourth  day  saddle  horse  to 
Granite  Park;  fifth  day  return  to  Many  Glacier 
Hotel;  sixth  day  to  Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets  via 
auto  and  launch,  thence  to  Glacier  Park  Hotel  29.50 

Seven-Day  Tour: 

l-'irst  day  auto  to  Many  Glacier  Hotel;  second  day 
saddle  horse  to  Iceberg  Lake;  third  day  saddle 
horse  to  Cracker  Lake;  fourth  day  saddle  horse  to 
Granite  Park;  fifth  day  Granite  Park  via  Logan 
Pass  to  Going-to-the-Sun:  sixth  day  saddle  horse 
over  Piegan  Pass  to  Many  Glacier  Hotel;  seventh 
day  Many  Glacier  Hotel  via  auto  and  launch  to 
Going-to-the-Sun  and  St.  Mary,  thence  to  Glacier 
Park  Hotel  .  .  .  34.00 


Page  twenty-eight 


©  F.  H.  Rise 


WILD  FLOWERS  EVERYWHERE 
n  Glacier  Park  the  wild  flowers  often  contrast  their  colors  with  a  background  of  pure  white  snow 


Distances  Between  Points  of  Interest  in  Glacier  Park 


From  Glacier  Park  Hotel:  Mile* 

Two  Medicine  Chalet* 12 

Summit  of  Mt.  Henry 8 

Two  Medicine  Falls I 

Cut  Bank  Chalets 22 

St.  Mary  Chalets 32 

Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets 41 

Many  Glacier  Hotel 55 

Sperry  Chalets 58 

Granite  Park 64 

From  Two  Medicine  Chalets: 

Trick  Falls 2 

Mt.  Henry 4 

Dawson  Pass 8 

Appistoki  Falls 2 

Cut  Bank  Pass 10 

Cut  Bank  Chalets 18 

From  Cut  Bank  Chalets: 

Cut  Bank  Pass 8 

Triple  Divide 8 

Red  Eagle  Lake 15 

St.  Mary  Chalets 23 

From  Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets: 

Sexton  Glacier.  .  .  . 
Gunsight  Lake. . .  . 
Blackfeet  Glacier. 
Gunsight  Pass  ... 
Sperry  Chalets. .  .  . 

Piegan  Pass 

Many  Glacier  Hotel  (by  trail)  .  . 


6 

9 

12 

13 

17 

9 

18 

Many  Glacier  Hotel  (by  road) 32 

Logan  Pass 8 

Granite  Park  .  .  ,.16 


Miles 
..  32 
..  23 

.  9 
..  26 

.   33 


From  St.  Mary  Chalets: 

Glacier  Park  Hotel 

Many  Glacier  Hotel 

Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets 

Sperry  Chalets 

Lake  McDonald  .  . 

Red  Eagle  Lake 

Triple  Divide 15 

Cut  Bank  Chalets 22 

From  Many  Glacier  Hotel: 

Iceberg  Lake 6 

Cracker  Lake 7 

Grinnell  Lake 5 

Josephine  Lake 2 

Ptarmigan  Lake 7 

Swiftcurrent  Pass 8 

Granite  Park  Chalets 9 

Piegan  Pass 9 

Morning  Eagle  Falls 8 

Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets  (by  trail) 18 

Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets  (by  road) 32 

Grinnell  Glacier 7 

Appekunny  Falls 2 

From  Granite  Park  Chalets: 


Rosenwald  Ridge 

14 

Summit  of  Swiftcurrent  Mt  .  . 

"     i 

The  Garden  Wall 

1 

Logan  Pass  

8 

Going-to-the-Sun  Chalets 

16 

Lake  McDonald  
Waterton  Lake.  .  . 

20 
.    18 

From  Head  of  Lake  McDonald: 

Belton  Station 

Sperry  Chalets 


Avalanche  Basin  . 
Granite  Park  .... 
Trout  Lake. . . 


United  States  Government  Publications 


The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  Govern- 
ment Printing  Office.  Washington.  D.  C.,  at 
prices  given.  Remittances  should  be  made  by 
money  order  or  in  cash: 

Origin   of   the   Scenic    Features   of   Glacier    National    Park, 
by  M.  R.  Campbell.  42  pages.  25  illustrations,  15  cents. 
Glaciers   of   Glacier    National    Park,    by    W.    C.    Alden.    48 
pages,  30  illustrations.  I  5  cents. 

Some  Lakes  of  Glacier  National  Park,  by  M.  J.  Elrod.  32 
pages.  19  illustrations.  10  cents. 

Glacier  National  Park— a  Popular  Guide  to  its  Geology 
and  Scenery,  by  M.  R.  Campbell,  54  pages,  13  plates,  in- 
cluding map.  30  cents. 

Panoramic  View  of  Glacier  National  Park,   !8Hx2l  inches* 
25  cents. 
National    Parks    Portfolio,    by    Robert   Sterling    Yard.    260 

Kges.  270  illustrations  descriptive  of  nine  National  Parks, 
imphlet  edition.  35  cents;  book  edition.  55  cents. 


The  following  may  be  obtained  from  Director 
of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey,  Wash- 
ington, D.  C.,  at  price  given. 

Map  of  Glacier  National  Park.  31x35  inches.  25  cents. 


The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
free  on  written  application  to  the  Director  of  the 
National  Park  Service,  Washington,  D.  C.,  or  by 
personal  application  at  the  registration  offices  of 
the  Park. 

Circular  of  general  information  regarding  Glacier  National 
Park. 

Glimpses  of  our  National  Parks,  48  pages,  illustrated. 

Map    showing    location    of    National    Parks    and    National 
Monuments,  and  railroad  routes  thereto. 


United  States  Railroad  Administration  Publications 


The  following  publications  may  be 
Office,  or  Bureau  of  Service,  National 
646  Transportation  Building.  Chicago, 

Arizona  and  New  Mexico  Rockies. 
California  for  the  Tourist. 
Colorado  and  Utah  Rockies. 
Crater  Lake  National   Park.  Oregon. 
Glacier  National  Park.  Montana. 
Grand  Canyon  National  Park,  Arizona. 
Hawaii  National  Park.  Hawaiian  Islands. 
Hot  Springs  National  Paik.  Arkansas. 
Me»a  Verde  National  Park.  Colorado. 


obtained    free  on    application   to  any  Consolidated  Ticket 
Parks  and  Monuments,  or  Travel  Bureau — Western  Lines. 
Illinois: 

Mount  Rainier  National   Park.   Washington. 

Northern  Lakes —Wisconsin.  Minnesota.  Iowa.  Illinois  and 

Upper  Michigan. 

Pacific  Northwest  and  Alaska. 

Petrified  Forest  National  Monument.  Arizona. 

Rocky  Mountain  National  Park.  Colorado. 

Sequoia  and  General  Grant  National  Parks.  California. 

Yellowstone  National  Park.  Wyoming.  Montana.  Idaho. 

Yosemite  National  Park.  California. 

Zion  National   Monument.  Utah. 


Page  thirty 


""  Nw0*0'-       ^"-"y 

V7^fe^._  /C  0,,,/p^ 

0  £  *SI         —*-  •^^z^z     i 
msf*y«.-  *-•——£?"*>/ 


1  HE  NATIONAL  PARKS  AT  A  GLANCE 


For  particulars  as  to  fares,  train  schedules,  etc.,  apply  to  any  Railroad  Ticket  Agent,  or  to  any 
of  the  following  United  States  Railroad  Administration  Consolidated  Ticket  Offices. 


Beaumont,  Tex.  .Orleans  and  Pearl  Sts. 

Bremerton,  Wash 224  Front  St. 

Butte,  Mont 2  N.  Main  St. 

Chicago.  Ill \75  W.  Jackson  Blvd. 

Colorado  Springs.  Colo. 

119  E.  Pike's  Peak  Ave. 
Dallas.  Tex 112-114  Field  St. 

601    \7th  St. 

a 403  Walnut  St. 

..334  W.  Superior  St. 

.  Mills  and  Oregon  Sts. 

702  Houston  St. 

.  .  .  .  J  and  Fresno  Sts. 

.21st  and  Market  Sts. 

58  S.  Main  St. 

.  .  .904  Texas  Ave. 


Denver.  Colo  .  . 
Des  Moines,  lo 
Duluth,  Minn.  .  . 
El  Paso.  Tex  .... 
Ft.  Worth.  Tex  .  . 

Fresno,  Cal 

Galveston,  Tex  .  . 
Helena,  Mont.  .  . 
Houston,  Tex  .  .  . 
Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Ry.  Ex.  Bldg.  7th  and  Walnut  Sts. 


Annapolis,  Md 54  Maryland  Ave. 

Atlantic  City.  N.  J.  .  .  1301  Pacific  Ave. 
Baltimore.  Md  . .  .B.  &  O.  R.  R.  Bldg. 

Boston,  Mass 67  Franklin  St. 

Brooklyn.  N.  Y 336  Fulton  St. 

Buffalo.  N.  Y.,  Main  and  Division  Sts. 
Cincinnati.  Ohio..  .6th  and  Main  Sts. 
Cleveland,  Ohio  .  .  .  1004  Prospect  Ave. 

Columbus,  Ohio 70  East  Gay  St 

Dayton,  Ohio 19  S.  Ludlow  St. 


WEST 

Lincoln,  Neb 104  N.  13th  St. 

Little  Rock.  Ark 202  W.  2d  St. 

Long  Beach,  Cal.  .L.  A.  &  S.  L.  Station 
Los  Angeles,  Cal..  ..215  S.   Broadway 

Milwaukee,  Wis 99  Wisconsin  St 

Minneapolis,  Minn.  202  Sixth  St.  South 
Oakland,  Cal.  .13th  St.  and  Broadway 

Ocean  Park,  Cal 160  Pier  Ave. 

Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 

1  3  I   W.  Grand  Ave. 

Omaha.  Neb 1416  Dodge  St 

Peoria.  111. .  .Jefferson  and  Liberty  Sts. 
Phoenix,  Ariz. 

Adams  St.  and  Central  Ave. 
Portland.  Ore.. 3d  and  Washington  Sts. 
Pueblo.  Colo..  ..401-3  N.  Union  Ave. 

St.  Joseph.  Mo 505  Francis  St. 

St.  Louis.  Mo..  3 18-3 28  North  Broadway 

EAST 

Detroit.  Mich  ...  I  3  W.  LaFayette  Ave. 
Evansville.  Ind.  .    L.  &  N.  R.  R.  Bldg. 

Grand  Rapids.  Mich 1 25  Pearl  St. 

Indianapolis.  Ind..  112-14  English  Block 
Newark,  N.  J..  Clinton  and  Beaver  Sts. 

New  York.  N.  Y 64  Broadway 

New  York.  N.  Y 57  Chambers  St. 

New  York.  N.  Y 31  W.  32d  St. 

New  York.  N.  Y I  1 4  W.  42d  St. 


SOUTH 


Asheville.  N.  C 
Atlanta,  Ga 
Augusta.  Ga 
Birmingham.  Ala 


14  S.  Polk  Square]  Knoxville.  Tenn 


74  Peachtree  St. 
811  Broad  St. 
2010  1st  Ave. 


.......  . 

Charleston,  S.  C  ......  Charleston  Hotel 

Charlotte.  N.  C  ........  22  S.  Tryon  St. 

Chattanooga.   Tenn...8l7    Market   St. 
Columbia.  S.  C  .......  Arcade  Building 

Jacksonville.  Fla  .......  38  W.  Bay  St. 


Lexington,  Ky  . 
Louisville.  Ky  .  . 
Lynchburg.  Va  . 
Memphis.  Tenn 
Mobile.  Ala  .... 
Montgomery,  Ala 


600  Gay  St. 

Union  Station 

4th  and   Market  Sts. 

722   Main  St. 

60  N.  Main  St. 

5 1  S.  Royal  St. 

Exchange  Hotel 


Nashville.Tenn.,  Independent  Life  Bldg. 
New  Orleans.  La  .  .  .  .St.  Charles  Hotel 


St.  Paul.  Minn   .  .4th  and  Jackson  Sta. 
Sacramento.  Cal..  .  .    801    K  St. 

Salt  Lake.  Utah 

Main  and  S.  Temple  Sts. 
San  Antonio.  Texas 

315-17  N.  St.  Mary's  St. 

San  Diego.  Cal 300  Broadway 

San  Francisco.  Cal. 

Lick  Bldg.,  Post  St.  and  Lick  Place 
San  Jose,  Cal.,  I  stand  San  Fernando  Sts. 

Seattle,  Wash 714-16  2d  Ave. 

Shreveport,  La..Milam  and  Market  Sts. 

Sioux  City,  Iowa 510  4th  St. 

Spokane.  Wash. 

Davenport  Hotel,  815  Sprague  Ave. 
Tacoma.  Wash  ...  I  I  17-19  Pacific  Ave. 
Waco.  Texas  .  .  .  .6th  and  Franklin  Sts. 
Whittier.  Cal  .  .  .  .L.  A.  &  S.  L.  Station 
Winnipeg,  Man 226  Portage  Ave. 


Philadelphia.  Pa.. 
Pittsburgh.  Pa  ... 

Reading.  Pa 

Rochester.  N.  Y.  . . 
Syracuse.  N.  Y.  . .  , 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Washington.  D.  C. 
Williamsport.  Pa  . . 
Wilmington.  Del  .  . 


.1539  Chestnut   St. 

.  .Arcade  Building 
..  ..16  N.  Fifth  St. 
20  State  St. 

..University  Block 

.320  Madison  Ave 
..1229  FSt.  N.  W. 

4th  and  Pine  Sts. 
.  ..905  Market  St. 


Paducah.   Ky 430  Broadway 

Pensacola.  Fla San  Carlos  Hotel 

Raleigh.  N.  C 305  LaFayette  St. 

Richmond.  Va 830  E.  Main  St. 

Savannah.  Ga  ..  ..37  Bull  St. 

Sheffield.  Ala Sheffield  Hotel 

Tampa.   Fla  .  ..Hillsboro  Hotel 

Vicksburg.  Miss.    1319  Washington  St. 
Winston-Salem.  N.  C..  236  N.  Main  St. 


For  detailed  information  regarding  National  Parks  and  Monuments  address  Bureau  of  Service, 
National  Parks  and  Monuments,  or  Travel  Bureau — Western  lines,  646  Transportation  Bldg..  Chicago, 
or  any  Railroad  Ticket  Agent. 


McGill-Warner  Co.,  Printers 
St.  Paul,  Minn. 


Page  thirty-one 


if. 


^A 


ii   i 


CANYON  AND  FALLS  IN  SWIFTCURRENT  VALLEY 


GRAND  CANYON 


National 


•  UNITED  STATES  RAILROAD  ADMINISTRATION 


NAL  PAR.K.          SF 


The  Titan  of  Chasm* — inexpressible — you  must  see  it  to  understai 


P  a  &  e      two 


A  Cosmic  Intaglio 

An  Appreciation  of 

Grand  Canyon  National  Park 

By  Charles   F.  Lummis 

Author    of   "The    Land    of    Poco   Tiempo,"    "Some    Strange 
Corners  of  Our  Country,"  "Pueblo  Indian  Folk  Stoiies,"  etc. 


]N  the  very  cradle  of  recorded  Time,  the  Grand  Canyon  was 
waiting,  under  the  Slow  Smile  of  God,  for  Man  to  come  to  it 
and  know  His  chiefest  Wonder-vision  on  earth ;  this  vast 
chameleon,  unearthly,  attainable,  Mirage  in  Immortal  Rock. 
Through  milleniums  it  has  been  worshipful  and  awe-full  to  the  bronzed 
First  Americans,  whose  swallow-nesting  homes  still  crumble  along  that 
amethystine  "Rim/'  Caucasians  were  late  of  coming  —  though  to  us 
parvenus  it  seems  long  ago,  in  years  and  world-change.  When  Coro- 
nado's  lieutenant,  Garcia  Lopez  de  Cardenas,  first  of  Europeans, stood  upon 
this  Brink  (September  14,  1540),  Luther  was  walking  the  floor  with  his 
fretful  Reformation,  just  cutting  its  teeth.  Henry  VIII.  was  still  adding  new 
reels  to  his  kinema  of  wives.  His  seven-year-old  daughter  Bess  was 
learning  never  to  lose  her  head  (as  Mamma  had  done),  and  to  have  no 
heart  to  lose.  She  staid  unmarried  as  many  times  as  Papa  didn't.  It  was 
forty  years  before  Raleigh  spread  his  cape  for  her.  It  was  a  generation 
before  Shakespeare,  and  two  before  Milton;  seventy  years  before  English 
was  spoken  in  any  home  in  all  the  New  World.  There  was  not  a  printed 
Bible,  except  in  Latin;  and  the  King  James  version  was  nigh  seventy 
years  to  the  future.  It  was  three  centuries  before  the  first  friction  match; 
over  two  hundred  years  before  Ben  Franklin  invented  the  first  cook-stove; 
twenty-five  years  before  the  first  forks  and  steel  needles.  It  was  a  world 
without  kerosene,  wire  cigars,  potatoes,  corn,  whisky,  side-saddles,  public 
schools  and  libraries,  quinine,  rifles,  tin  cans,  turkeys,  newspapers,  novels, 
vaccination — without  even  the  sacred  symbol,  $. 

As  to  the  Franciscan  missionaries — it  was  a  week  before  our  Declaration 
of  Independence  that  Fray  Francisco  Garces  (first  of  Europeans)  saw  the 
Canyon  from  the  West.  In  the  same  month  that  General  Howe  defeated 
Washington's  forces  at  White  Plains,  Fray  Sylvestre  Velez  de  Escalante 

P  a  &  e      three 


was  first  white  man  to  cross  (October  7,  1776)  the  chasm  and  its  head- 
long river. 

Major  Powell's  heroic  threadings  of  that  fearsome  Labyrinth  (1869-70) 
marked  the  first  serious  attention  of  "Americans"  to  the  most  wondrous 
thing  in  America;  but  his  notable  volumes  precipitated  no  pilgrimage. 
Thirty-five  years  ago,  when  I  began  my  'prenticeship  to  the  Canyon,  not 
a  hundred  people  a  year  saw  it  — and  ten  Englishmen  to  one  American. 
Today  (most  thanks  to  the  builders  of  the  steel  highway),  it  is  famous 
and  luxuriously  accessible — yet  95  per  cent  of  the  travelers  passing  within 
sixty  miles  never  visit  it! 

As  it  was  I  who  first  raised  (a  third  of  a  century  ago)  the  slogan,  "See 
America  First!"  it  now  falls  my  privilege  to  extend  this  official  invitation 
to  the  opening  of  the  Grand  Canyon,  at  last  a  National  Park,  guarded  by 
Government;  a  heritage  unto  our  children's  children  forever.  I  doubt  not 
it  has  the  very  humility  of  its  transcendent  greatness,  and  patiently  enjoys 
our  little  "Recognition"  and  "Honor." 

The  Grand  Canyon  Bids  You!  Come,  all  ye  Peoples  of  the  Earth,  to 
witness  God's  boldest  and  most  flaming  Signature  across  Earth's  face! 
Come — and  penitent — ye  of  the  United  States,  to  marvel  upon  this 
chiefest  Miracle  of  our  own  land! 

Ten  thousand  pens  have  "described  at"  this  Indescribable,  in  vain, 
is  alone  in  the  world.  The  only  Mountain  Range  in  Captivity — a  hundred 
miles  of  unearthly  peaks,  taller  from  their  gnawing  river  than  Mt.  Wash- 
ington above  the  distant  sea;  all  countersunk  in  a  prodigious  serpentine 
gulf  of  living  rock;  a  Cosmic  Intaglio  carved  in  the  bosom  of  the  great 
Arizona  Plateau.  Nowhere  else  can  you  look  up  hundreds  of  7,000-foot 
cliffs  whose  tops  are  but  three  miles  from  a  plummet  to  your  feet.  And 
from  their  Rim,  look  down  upon  such  leagues  of  inverted  and  captive 
sk:es  of  rainbows  in  solution,  and  snow  and  thunder  tempests  far  below 
you;  -and  brimming  fogs  that  flow  with  the  moon,  and  with  dawn  ebb 
and  ebb — till  one  by  one  the  white,  voiceless  tide  reveals  the  glorified 
"islands"  of  its  countless  archipelago  of  glowing  peaks. 

It  is  a  matchless  cross-section  of  Earth's  anatomy,  to  the  geologist. 
To  all,  it  is  a  Poem  ;  History  ;  an  imperishable  Inspiration.  Words  cannot 
over-tell  it  nor  half  tell.  See  it,  and  you  will  know  why ! 

It  has  waited  long  to  give  you  welcome  and  benediction  and  a  deathless 
Memory.  Come ! 


P  a  £  c       f  o  u 


To  the  American  People: 


Uncle  Sam  asks  you  to  be  his  guest.  He  has  prepared  for  you  the 
choice  places  of  this  continent — places  of  grandeur,  beauty  and  of 
wonder.  He  has  built  roads  through  the  deep-cut  canyons  and  beside 
happy  streams,  which  will  carry  you  into  these  places  in  comfort,  and 
has  provided  lodgings  and  food  in  the  most  distant  and  inaccessible 
places  that  you  might  enjoy  yourself  and  realize  as  little  as  possible 
the  rigors  of  the  pioneer  traveler's  life.  These  are  for  you.  They  are 
the  playgrounds  of  the  people.  To  see  them  is  to  make  more  hearty 
your  affection  and  admiration  for  America. 


Secretary  of  the  Interior 


Grand  Canyon  National  Park 


Grand  Canyon  National  Park,  in  north- 
ern Arizona,  is  the  newest  of  bur  national 
playgrounds,  having  been  brought  into 
the  National  Park  family  by  Act  of  Con- 
gress, February  26,  1919.  One  comes 
upon  it  suddenly,  only  a  short  distance 
from  the  railroad  terminus — a  titanic  gash 
in  the  earth's  crust,  an  unexpected  step- 
off  in  the  wooded  mesa  country. 

Imagine  a  stupendous  chasm,  in  places 
ten  to  thirteen  miles  wide  from  rim  to 
rim,  more  than  two  hundred  miles  long 
in  the  total  of  its  meanderings,  and  more 
than  a  mile  deep.  A  mighty  river,  the 
Colorado,  has  chiseled  out  the  inner 
granite  gorge,  which  is  flanked  on  each 
side  by  tier  upon  tier  of  huge  architect- 
ural forms — veritable  mountains — carved 
by  erosion  from  the  solid  rock  strata 
which  lie  exposed  in  great  layers  to  the 
desert  sun.  And  all  painted  in  colors 
of  the  rainbow. 

That's  the  Grand  Canyon. 

Other  scenic  wonders  are  viewed  either 
on  the  level  or  looking  up.  The  Grand 
Canyon,  from  the  rim,  is  looked  down 
upon.  The  sensation  is  novel — abso- 
lutely unique,  in  fact.  Not  every  visitor 
can  at  once  adjust  untrained  eyes  to 
this  sudden  shift  from  the  usual  outlook. 
Gradually  one  must  become  accustomed 
to  the  change  from  the  ordinary  range  of 
vision.  It  is  like  seeing  a  landscape  from 
a  low-flying  aeroplane. 


Descend  by  trail,  and,  one  after 
another,  the  Canyon  forms  seem  to  creep 
upward,  until  soon  they  take  their  place 
in  familiar  fashion  along  the  horizon. 
Not  until  then  do  they  assume  a  natural 
aspect. 

As  first  glimpsed  from  the  very  edge  of 
the  abyss,  the  Canyon  is  a  geologic 
marvel  and  a  spiritual  emotion.  Below 
is  a  primeval  void,  hemmed  in  every- 
where, except  skyward,  by  the  solid 
framework  of  our  earth — rocks,  and 
rocks,  and  yet  more  rocks,  millions  of 
years  old. 

At  high  noon  the  enclosing  walls  seem 
to  flatten  out  and  are  strangely  unim- 
pressive. They  lack  life  and  luster  and 
form.  They  are  wholly  material  and 
make  scant  appeal  to  the  emotions. 
One  is  aware  of  bigness  and  deepness 
and  stillness,  but  not  of  any  mystery. 

Come  back  to  the  edge  of  the  abyss  in 
the  late  afternoon,  or  early  in  the  morn- 
ing. How  marvelous  the  transformation! 
Immense  forms  have  pushed  out  from 
the  sheer  walls.  They  float  in  a  purple 
sea  of  mysterious  shadows.  It  is  a 
symphony  of  mass  and  color,  of  body 
and  soul.  Almost  a  new  heaven  is  born 
and,  with  it,  a  new  inferno,  swathed  in 
soft  celestial  fires;  a  whole  chaotic 
underworld,  just  emptied  of  primeval 
floods  and  waiting  for  a  new  creative 
word;  eluding  all  sense  of  perspective  or 


Pa  &  e    five 


Pa 


El  Tovar  Hotel  on  the  brink  of  the  Canyon. 

The  Lookout  it  a  quaint  rough  atone  observatory  and  re«t  houce  on  the  rim  near  head  of  Bright  Angel  Trail. 
e      six 


dimension,  outstretching  the  faculty  of 
measurement,  overlapping  the  confines  of 
definite  apprehension;  a  boding,  terrible 
thing,  unflinchingly  real,  yet  spectral  as  a 
dream.  Never  was  picture  more  har- 
monious, never  flower  more  exquisitely 
beautiful.  It  flashes  instant  communi- 
cation of  all  that  architecture  and  paint- 
ing and  music  for  a  thousand  years  have 
gropingly  striven  to  express. 

Thus  speaks  the  Grand  Canyon  to 
almost  every  person  who  comes  within 
the  magic  circle  of  its  perpetual  allure- 
ment. Joaquin  Miller  affirms  that  at  the 
Canyon  color  is  king.  William  Winter 
calls  it  "this  surpassing  wonder,"  and 
Hamlin  Garland  is  most  impressed  by  its 
thousand  differing  moods.  John  Muir 
sums  it  up  in  a  striking  phrase — "wildness 
so  Godful,  cosmic,  primeval."  Possibly  a 
little  girl  expressed  the  inexpressible 
most  simply  when  she  remarked  that  it 
is  so  beautiful  she  would  like  to  live  here 
always. 

A  Canyon   Within   a  System  of 
Canyons 

A  canyon,  truly,  but  not  after  the 
accepted  type.  An  intricate  system  of 
canyons,  rather,  each  subordinate  to  the 
river  channel  in  the  center,  which  in  its 
turn  is  subordinate  to  the  whole  effect. 
That  river  channel,  the  profoundest 
depth,  and  actually  more  than  six 
thousand  feet  below  the  point  of  view, 
is  in  seeming  a  rather  insignificant  trench, 
attracting  the  eye  more  by  reason  of  its 
somber  tone  and  mysterious  suggestion 
than  by  any  appreciable  characteristic  of 
a  chasm.  It  is  perhaps  five  miles  distant 
in  a  straight  line,  and  its  uppermost  rims 
are  nearly  four  thousand  feet  beneath  the 
observer.  One  cannot  believe  the  dis- 
tance to  be  more  than  a  mile  as  the  crow 
flies,  before  descending  the  wall. 

Yet  the  immediate  chasm  itself  is  only 
the  first  step  of  a  long  terrace  that  leads 
down  to  the  innermost  gorge  and  the 
river.  Roll  a  heavy  stone  to  the  rim  and 
let  it  go.  It  falls  the  height  of  the  Eiffel 
tower,  and  explodes  like  a  bomb  on  a 
projecting  ledge.  If  any  considerable 
fragments  remain  they  bound  onward, 
snapping  trees  like  straws;  bursting, 
crashing  down  the  declivities  until  they 
make  a  last  plunge  over  the  brink  of  a 
void;  and  then  there  comes  languidly  up 
the  cliff-sides  a  faint,  distant  roar,  and 


your  boulder  lies  scattered  as  wide  as 
Wycliffe's  ashes,  although  the  final  frag- 
ment has  lodged  only  a  little  way,  so  to 
speak,  below  the  rim. 

The  spectacle  is  so  symmetrical,  and  so 
completely  excludes  the  outside  world  and 
its  accustomed  standards,  it  is  with 
difficulty  one  can  acquire  any  notion  of 
its  immensity.  Were  it  half  as  deep, 
half  as  broad,  it  would  be  no  less  be- 
wildering, so  utterly  does  it  baffle  human 
grasp. 

The  terrific  deeps  that  part  the  walls 
of  hundreds  of  castles  and  turrets  of 
mountainous  bulk  may  be  approximately 
located  in  barely  discernible  penstrokes 
of  detail.  The  comparative  insignificance 
of  what  are  termed  grand  sights  in  other 
parts  of  the  world  is  now  clearly  revealed. 

Overmastering  Charm  of  the 
Panorama 

Still,  such  particulars  cannot  long  hold 
the  attention,  for  the  panorama  is  the 
real  overmastering  charm.  It  is  never 
twice  the  same.  The  scene  incessantly 
changes,  flushing  and  fading,  advancing 
into  crystalline  clearness,  retiring  into 
slumberous  haze. 

Should  it  chance  to  have  rained 
heavily  in  the  night,  next  morning  the 
Canyon  may  be  completely  filled  with 
fog.  As  the  sun  mounts,  the  curtain  of 
mist  suddenly  breaks  into  cloud  fleeces, 
and  while  you  gaze  these  fleeces  rise  and 
dissipate,  leaving  the  Canyon  bare.  At 
once  around  the  bases  of  the  lowest  cliffs 
white  puffs  begin  to  appear  and  their 
number  multiplies  until  once  more  they 
rise  and  overflow  the  rim,  and  it  is  as  if 
you  stood  on  some  land's  end  looking 
down  upon  a  formless  void.  Then 
quickly  comes  the  complete  dissipation, 
and  again  the  marshaling  in  the  depths, 
the  upward  advance,  the  total  suffusion 
and  the  speedy  vanishing,  repeated  over 
and  over  until  the  warm  walls  have  ex- 
pelled their  saturation. 

It  is,  indeed,  a  place  created  by  some 
magician's  wand. 

Long  may  the  visitor  loiter  upon  the 
verge,  powerless  to  shake  loose  from  the 
charm,  until  the  sun  is  low  in  the  West. 
Then  the  Canyon  sinks  into  mysterious 
purple  shadow,  the  far  Shinumo  Altar  is 
tipped  with  a  golden  ray,  and  against  a 
leaden  horizon  the  long  line  of  the  Echo 
Cliffs  reflects  a  soft  brilliance  of  inde- 


P  a  A  f-    seven 


Opposite  Ell  Tovar  Hotel  is  a  replica  of  a  Hopi  Indian  house. 


scribable  beauty,  a  light  that,  elsewhere, 
surely  never  was  on  sea  or  land.  Then 
darkness  falls,  and  should  there  be  a 
moon,  the  scene  in  part  revives  in  silver 
light,  a  thousand  spectral  forms  pro- 
jected from  inscrutable  gloom;  dreams 
of  mountains,  as  in  their  sleep  they 
brood  on  things  eternal. 

The  River  as  Viewed  From  Foot  of 
the  Trails 

The  traveler  stands  upon  a  sandy  rift, 
confronted  by  nearly  vertical  walls  many 
hundred  feet  high,  at  whose  base  a  tawny 
torrent  pitches  in  a  giddying,  onward 
slide,  that  gives  him  momentarily  the 
sensation  of  slipping  into  an  abyss. 

Dwarfed  by  such  prodigious  mountain 
shores,  which  rise  immediately  from  the 
water  at  an  angle  that  would  deny  footing 
to  a  mountain  sheep,  it  is  not  easy  to 
estimate  confidently  the  width  and  vol- 
ume of  the  river.  Choked  by  the  stub- 
born granite,  its  width  is  probably 
between  250  and  300  feet,  its  velocity 
fifteen  miles  an  hour,  and  its  volume  and 
turmoil  equal  to  the  Whirlpool  Rapids 
of  Niagara.  Its  rise  in  time  of  heavy  rain 
is  rapid  and  appalling,  for  the  walls  shed 
almost  instantly  all  the  water  that  falls 
upon  them.  Drift  is  lodged  in  the 
crevices  thirty  feet  overhead. 


For  only  a  few  hundred  yards  is  the 
tortuous  stream  visible,  but  its  effect 
upon  the  senses  is  perhaps  the  greater 
for  that  reason.  Issuing  as  from  a 
mountain  side,  it  slides  with  oily  smooth- 
ness for  a  space  and  suddenly  breaks  into 
violent  waves  that  comb  back  against 
the  current  and  shoot  unexpectedly  here 
and  there,  while  the  volume  sways,  tide- 
like,  from  side  to  side,  and  long  curling 
breakers  form  and  hold  their  outline 
lengthwise  of  the  shore,  despite  the  seem- 
ingly irresistible  velocity  of  the  water. 
The  river  is  laden  with  drift  (huge  tree 
trunks),  which  it  tosses  like  chips  in  its 
terrible  play. 

As  it  is  Written  in  the  Archives 

The  Colorado  is  one  of  the  great  rivers 
of  North  America.  Formed  in  Southern 
Utah  by  the  confluence  of  the  Green  and 
the  Grand,  it  intersects  the  northwestern 
corner  of  Arizona,  and  flows  southward 
until  it  reaches  tidewater  in  the  Gulf  of 
California.  It  drains  a  territory  of 
300,000  square  miles.  At  three  points, 
Needles,  Parker  and  Yuma  on  the  Cali- 
fornia boundary,  it  is  crossed  by  a  rail- 
road. Elsewhere  its  course  lies  far  from 
the  routes  of  common  travel. 

The  early  Spanish  explorers  at  first 
reported  it  in  1 540.  Again  in  1 776,  a 
Spanish  priest  found  a  crossing  at  a 


Fade     e  i  &  h  t 


The  Grand  Canyon  is  the  most  instructive  example  of  one  of  the  chief  factors  of  earth-building — erosion. 

Pa  A  e      nine 


place  that  still  bears  the  name  "Vado  de 
los  Padres." 

For  more  than  eighty  years  thereafter 
the  Big  Canyon  remained  unvisited 
except  by  the  Indian,  the  Mormon 
herdsman,  and  the  trapper,  although  the 
Sitgreaves  expedition  of  1851,  journeying 
westward,  struck  the  river  about  one 
hundred  and  fifty  miles  above  Yuma,  and 
Lieutenant  Whipple  in  1854  made  a 
survey  for  a  practicable  railroad  route 
along  the  thirty-fifth  parallel,  where  a 
railroad  afterwards  was  constructed. 

In  1857  the  War  Department  dis- 
patched an  expedition  in  charge  of 
Lieutenant  Ives  to  explore  the  Colorado 
upstream  to  the  head  of  navigation.  Ives 
ascended  to  the  head  of  Black  Canyon; 
then  returning  to  the  Needles,  he  set 
off  northeast  across  country.  He  reached 
the  Canyon  at  Diamond  and  Cataract 
Creeks  in  the  spring  of  1858,  and  made  a 
wide  southward  detour  around  the  San 
Francisco  Peaks,  thence  to  the  Hopi 
Pueblos,  to  Fort  Defiance,  and  back  to 
civilization. 

It  remained  for  a  geologist  and  a 
school-teacher,  a  one-armed  veteran  of 
the  Civil  War,  John  Wesley  Powell, 
afterward  director  of  the  United  States 
Geological  Survey,  to  dare  and  to  ac- 
complish the  exploration  of  the  mighty 
river. 

In  1869  Major  Powell  started  with  nine 


men  and  four  boats  from  Green  River 
City,  in  Utah.  Powell  launched  his 
flotilla  on  May  24th,  and  on  August 
30th  landed  at  the  mouth  of  the  Virgin 
River,  more  than  one  thousand  miles 
by  river  channel  from  starting  place, 
minus  two  boats  and  four  men.  There 
proved  to  be  no  impassable  whirlpools 
in  the  Grand  Canyon,  no  underground 
passages  and  no  cataracts.  But  the  trip 
was  hazardous  in  the  extreme.  The 
adventurers  faced  the  unknown  at  every 
bend,  daily,  often  several  times  daily, 
embarking  upon  swift  rapids  without 
guessing  upon  what  rocks  or  in  what 
great  falls  they  might  terminate.  Con- 
tinually they  upset. 

Again,  in  1871,  he  started  down  river 
with  three  boats  and  went  as  far  as  the 
Crossing  of  the  Fathers.  In  the  summer 
of  1872  he  returned  to  the  row  boats  at 
Lee's  Ferry,  and  descended  as  far  as  the 
mouth  of  Kanab  Wash,  where  the  river 
journey  was  abandoned. 

Powell's  journal  of  the  initial  trip  is  a 
most  fascinating  tale,  written  in  a  com- 
pact and  modest  style,  which,  in  spite  of 
its  reticence,  tells  an  epic  story  of  purest 
heroism.  It  definitely  established  the 
scene  of  his  exploration  as  the  most 
wonderful  geological  and  spectacular 
phenomenon  known  to  mankind,  and 
justified  the  name  which  had  been 
bestowed  upon  it — the  Grand  Canyon. 


F  Jrrrnit   Rim  F 


ilevard  on  the  very  brink  of  the  Grand  Canyon. 


P  a  %  e       te 


El  Tovar  Hotel  and  Bright  Angel  Cottages  from  Maricopa  Point. 


Since  that  day  several  expeditions  have 
traversed  the  same  route,  each  experienc- 
ing thrills  enough  for  a  lifetime.  Powell 
easily  ranks  at  the  top  of  the  list.  Not 
only  was  he  a  pioneer,  but  his  daring  was 
for  the  sake  of  scientific  knowledge. 

Canyon  Geology 

The  average  man  measures  long  per- 
iods of  time  by  centuries.  The  geologist 
reckons  otherwise.  To  him  a  hundred 


years  are  but  the  tick  of  a  clock,  the 
passing  of  a  summer  cloud.  He  deals 
in  aeons  as  others  do  in  minutes,  and  thus 
is  able  to  measure,  after  a  fashion, 
almost  inconceivable  time. 

Searching  for  a  convenient  yardstick, 
the  building  of  our  earth  is  first  thought  of 
as  divided  into  four  eras.  Periods  are 
lesser  divisions  of  the  eras.  In  the  pro- 
terozoic  era  there  are  two  periods  — 
archaean  and  algonkian.  The  "paleozoic 


P  a 


eleven 


era  has  six  periods — the  cambrian,  ordo- 
vician,  silurian,  devonian,  carboniferous 
and  permian.  The  mesozoic  era  divides 
into  the  triassic,  Jurassic  and  cretaceous 
periods.  The  cenozoic  era  has  five  periods 
— eocene,  oligocene,  miocene,  pliocene 
and  pleistocene. 

These  four  periods  particularly  must  be 
borne  in  mind,  because  they  are  the  primer 
of  Canyon  geology,  viz.,  the  archaean, 
algonkian,  cambrian  and  carboniferous 
rocks,  which  are  among  the  very  oldest 
of  earth's  strata.  The  later  rocks  un- 
doubtedly were  here  once — nearly  12,000 
feet  of  them — on  top  of  what  today  is 
top,  but  in  some  remote  age  they  were 
shaved  off. 

Yet  the  Canyon  itself  is  accounted 
geologically  modern.  It  happened,  so 
scientists  say,  only  yesterday. 

Stand  almost  anywhere  on  the  south 
rim  and  look  at  the  north  wall,  which  is 
the  southern  limit  of  the  Kaibab  plateau. 
That  north  rim  is  three  times  as  far  from 
the  Colorado  River  as  is  the  south  rim, 
and  is  1,000  to  1,500  feet  higher,  viz., 
5,500  to  6,000  feet  above  the  river, 
compared  with  4,500  feet.  It  is  like  a 
section  of  layer  cake,  each  layer  of 
different  material  and  color — or  like 
gigantic  beds  of  titanic  masonry. 

Begin  at  the  top  and  go  down.  For 
the  first  3,000  feet  or  more,  the  wall 
descends  by  cliffs,  steep  slopes  and 


narrow  ledges.  Next  comes  a  wide 
terrace,  the  Tonto  platform.  Lastly 
appears  the  inner  granite  gorge,  V-shaped 
and  1,000  to  1,200  feet  deep,  with  the 
river  flowing  at  the  bottom  in  a  trench 
250  to  300  feet  wide. 

The  light  buff  formation  at  the  top  is 
the  Kaibab  limestone. 

Beneath  this  is  another  light-colored 
formation,  the  crossbedded  Coconino 
gray  sandstone,  presenting  a  sheer  face. 

The  next  is  of  bright  red  color,  due  to 
oxide  of  iron;  it  consists  of  alternating 
beds  of  hard  sandstone  cliff  and  soft  shale 
slopes,  about  1,100  feet  thick,  and  known 
as  the  Supai  formation. 

Farther  down  is  the  Red  wall  or  "blue" 
limestone,  550  feet  thick  and  very  hard, 
so  finely  grained  it  seems  to  be  a  single 
bed;  its  precipitous  cliffs  are  stained  red 
by  wash  from  the  strata  above;  in  this 
formation  occurs  Jacob's  Ladder,  on 
Bright  Angel  Trail,  and  Cathedral  Stairs, 
on  Hermit  Trail. 

These  were  laid  down  during  the  car- 
boniferous period. 

The  horizontal  formations  below  the  red 
wall  form  the  Tonto  group,  of  the  Cambrian 
period.  In  order,  from  top  to  bottom, 
they  are — Muav  limestone,  thin-banded 
and  grayish  green;  Bright  Angel  shale, 
325  feet;  and  the  basic  rocks — Tapeats 
sandstone,  hard  and  brown,  forming  the 
floor  of  the  Tonto  platform. 


Where  Hermit  Road  ends  and  Hermit  Trail  begin*  is  a  unique  rest  house  called  Hermit's  Rest. 

P  a  A  e      twelve 


The  '.'Devil's  Corkscrew"  it  a  spiral  pathway  down  an  almost  perpendicular  wall  on  the  Bright  Angel  Trail. 

P  a  &  e      thirteen 


You  may  notice  that  these  strata  are 
not  at  the  same  height  everywhere.  This 
is  due  to  fractures  or  "faults,"  along 
which  the  rocks  on  one  side  are  much 
lower  than  on  the  other. 

All  these  nearly  horizontal  strata  rest 
on  a  level  surface  of  archaean  and 
algonkian  rocks,  through  which  the  river 
has  cut  a  lower  inner  gorge. 

That,  in  brief,  is  what  you  see  today. 

Geologists  agree  that  the  rocks  of  each 
period  represent  an  uplift  and  subsidence 
of  the  upper  crust,  extending  over  in- 
calculable time,  each  subsidence  being 
followed  by  sedimentary  deposits  on  the 
sea  bottom,  ultimately  forming  a  new 
series  of  rocks. 

Imagine  this  huge  mass,  say  three  and 
a  half  miles  thick,  gradually  lifted  up, 
and  forming  a  plateau  with  an  area  of 
13,000  to  15,000  square  miles.  The  top 
two-thirds,  except  an  isolated  butte  here 
and  there,  was  next  eliminated  by  erosion, 
and  then  the  Colorado  River  began  to 
cut  the  Grand  Canyon  through  the  lower 
third. 

Nobody  knows  to  what  extent,  if  any, 
earthquake  disturbances  originally  may 
have  helped  to  make  the  Grand  Canyon, 
but  the  masterful  influence  of  erosion 
is  plainly  to  be  seen.  The  Canyon  has 
not  stopped  changing.  Every  decade  it 
gets  a  fraction  deeper  and  wider,  by 
erosion  only. 

Roadside  erosion  is  familiar  to  us  all. 
A  hundred  times  we  have  idly  noted  the 
fantastic  water-carved  walls  and  minar- 
etted  slopes  of  ordinary  ditches.  But 
seldom,  perhaps,  have  we  realized  that 
the  muddy  roadside  ditch  and  the  world- 
famous  Grand  Canyon  of  the  Colorado 
River  are,  from  Nature's  standpoint, 
identical;  that  they  differ  only  in  soil 
and  size. 

An  All-The-Year  Resort 

The  Grand  Canyon  is  more  than  some- 
thing stupendous  to  look  at.  It  is  a 
place  for  rest  and  recreation.  It  may  be 
visited  any  day  in  the  year.  When  most 
other  mountain  resorts  are  frozen  up, 
the  titan  of  chasms  is  easily  accessible. 
During  the  winter  snow  falls  in  the  pine 
forest  along  the  rim,  and  the  upper  sec- 
tions of  the  trails  to  the  river  are  covered 
with  a  white  blanket.  Nevertheless  one 
may  venture  muleback  down  any  of  the 
principal  trails,  confident  that  spring  soon 


will  begin  to  peek  out  timidly  and  early 
summer  appear  just  around  the  turn. 
For,  going  down,  the  climate  changes 
perceptibly  every  few  hundred  feet,  so 
that  when  on  the  rim  a  nipping  frost  is  in 
the  air  there  are  fragile  desert  flowers 
blooming  along  the  river  gulches. 

The  weather  in  July  or  August  is  not 
torrid,  except  at  the  very  bottom  of  the 
giant  cleft.  Up  above,  the  rim  is  almost  a 
mile  and  a  half  above  sea-level.  That 
means  cool  mornings,  evenings  and  nights 
Only  at  noon  in  the  summer  months  does 
the  thermometer  register  a  high  figure 
yet  because  of  absence  of  moisture,  in 
midsummer  one  moves  about  in  perfect 
comfort  during  the  day  and  sleeps  under 
a  blanket  at  night. 

Go  down  in  summer  and  the  tempera 
ture  comes  up;  come  up  in  winter  and  the 
temperature  goes  down.  The  difference 
of  nearly  a  mile  in  altitude  between  the 
Colorado  River  and  Canyon  rim  is  like 
traveling  hundreds  of  miles  north  01 
south  on  the  level. 

Also  high  altitude  means  cool  summers 
while  southerly  latitude  means  warm 
winters,  as  a  rule — which  explains  wh> 
the  Grand  Canyon  is  an  ideal  resort  the 
year  'round. 

As  a  rule,  too,  this  part  of  Arizona  is  a 
land  of  sunshine;  the  air  is  dry  and  th 
wind  velocity  is  under  the  average.  Eas> 
drives,  in  the  stimulating  atmosphere  oi 
Arizona,  a  mile  and  a  half  up  in  the  sky 
soothe  tired  brain  and  nerves.  Mon 
vigorous  is  the  horseback  exercise,  taker 
through  the  parklike  glades  and  reaches 
of  Tusayan  Forest. 

While  spring  and  fall  perhaps  are  more 
attractive  than  midsummer  or  midwinter 
each  season  has  its  special  lure.  Camp- 
ing, during  the  December  -  to  -  March 
period,  is  restricted  to  the  inner  canyon 
region.  The  boulevard  rim  drives,  and 
the  south  wall  trails  are  open  from 
January  to  January.  So  are  the  hotels. 

Most  persons  make  the  mistake  of 
trying  to  see  the  Canyon  in  too  short  a 
time.  They  rush  in,  rush  around,  and 
rush  out.  That's  the  wrong  way.  The 
right  way  is  to  take  it  leisurely. 

A  Pullman  brings  one  to  the  very  rim. 
While  it  is  possible  to  get  a  hasty  glimpse 
in  a  day,  this  hurried  day  must  be  spent 
either  on  the  rim  or  in  a  rush  down  the 
trail  to  the  river's  edge;  it  is  not  possible 
to  do  both  between  sunrise  and  sunset, 


P  a  J>,  e    fourteen 


•T-    '  ?$& 


A  noted  feature  of  Bright  Angel  Trail  is  Jacob's  Ladder. 
The  Tonto  Trail  follows  the  inner  gorge,  thousands  of  feet  below  fhe  rim. 


Pa  A  e      fifteen 


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c*y;* 

4^^\^- 
iv-z  j.f 


KAIBAB 


THE 

GRAND  CANYON 
NATIONAL  PARK 

ARIZONA 

Scale 
QS1        a        ?4        ?        ?       ^      8,M'LI 

•        -  — ^  Boundary  of  Park 
—=^«=—  Wagon  Road 

r  Automobile  Road 
_  _  _  ^  A/a/n  Trails 

Other  Trails 

Railroad 


Pal 


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TUSAYAN      NATIONAL      FOREST 


MAfS 


TO  FLAGSTAFF  CoDTrkbt  bT  Rtnd  Mc.NallT  i  Co. 


Pa  &  e 


and  both  rim  and  river  are  well  worth  a 
day  for  each. 

It  is  much  better  to  plan  to  stay  at 
least  two  full  days,  allowing  one  of  them 
for  the  trail  to  the  river  and  the  other  for 
rim  drives.  Or,  combine  both  in  the 
Hermit  Rim  drive  and  Hermit  Trail  trip, 
with  a  night  in  the  Canyon. 

Four  or  five  days  will  enable  you  to 
really  see  this  sublime  spectacle.  Viewed 
from  above,  it  is  an  emotional  experience. 
Descend  mule-back  over  trails  which 
zigzag  steeply  but  safely  down  the  cliffs, 
and  the  experience  is  altogether  different. 

Accommodations  for  Travelers 

On  arrival  at  the  Canyon  the  traveler  finds 
ample  hotel  accommodations,  suitable  enter- 
tainment for  leisure  hours,  and  complete  facili- 
ties for  outing  trips.  The  saddle  horses,  mules 
and  coach  animals  are  specially  trained  for 
Western  roads  and  trails.  The  vehicles  are 
comparable  to  those  found  at  Eastern  resorts. 
Drivers  and  guides  are  experienced.  The  ex- 
cellent hotels  cater  to  all  classes  of  visitors. 

El  Tovar  —  One  of  the  most  unique  resort 
hotels  in  the  Southwest  is  located  at  the  rail- 
road terminus,  near  head  of  Bright  Angel  Trail, 
at  an  elevation  of  6,866  feet  above  sea-level. 
It  is  named  El  Tovar,  and  is  under  management 
of  Fred  Harvey. 

It  is  a  long,  low  structure,  built  of  native 
boulders  and  pine  logs.  There  are  ninety-three 


sleeping-rooms,  accommodating  1 75  guests. 
Forty-six  of  these  rooms  are  connected  with 
private  bath. 

There  is  a  music-room,  and  rendezvous.  In 
the  main  dining-room  165  persons  can  be  seated 
at  one  time. 

Hot  and  cold  water,  steam  heat  and  electric 
light  are  supplied.  El  Tovar  also  has  a  steam 
laundry. 

El  Tovar  Hotel  is  conducted  on  the  American 
plan,  i.  e.,  room  and  meals  both  included. 
Rooms  without  bath,  $5  a  day  for  one  person 
and  $9  a  day  for  two  persons  occupying  same 
room;  rooms  with  bath,  $7  to  $8  and  upward 
for  one  person,  and  $12  to  $15  a  day  and  up- 
ward for  two  persons  occupying  same  room. 
Meals  only:  breakfast  and  luncheon,  $1  each; 
dinner,  $1.50. 

Bright  Angel  Cottages  —  Cozy  lodgings  in 
cottages  or  tents  at  Bright  Angel  Cottages, 
adjacent  to  El  Tovar,  cost  $1.00  to  $1.50  a 
day,  each  person;  meals  are  furnished  a  la  carte 
at  the  cafe.  The  accommodations  are  clean 
and  comfortable.  There  are  four  cottages,  open 
the  year  round  and  several  large  tents  for  sum- 
mer only.  All  of  the  cottages  have  steam  heat 
and  electric  light;  one  cottage  also  has  baths. 
About  1 50  persons  can  be  accommodated  here. 
Kitchen  facilities  are  ample  for  quick,  a  la  carte 
service. 

Grand  View  Hotel  —  This  hotel,  located  at 
Grand  View,  thirteen  miles  east  of  the  railroad 
station,  is  under  management  of  Mr.  P.  D. 


From  the  plateau  there  are  many  fine  views  of  the  inner  canyon  formi 


P  a  &  e      eighteen 


Camping  in  the  Tusayan  Forest  on  the  rim. 


Berry.  It  is  a  large  frame  edifice,  with  log 
cabin  annex,  and  can  accommodate  about  fifty 
guests  in  season.  Not  open  for  regular  traffic 
in  winter. 

The  Lookout  —  The  Lookout  is  a  quaint 
observatory  and  resthouse,  built  on  the  edge  of 
the  rim  near  head  of  Bright  Angel  Trail. 

It  is  equipped  with  a  large  binocular  telescope 
in  the  tower,  for  observing  the  most  distant 
reaches  of  the  Canyon  by  day  and  for  viewing 
the  heavens  by  night.  There  is  a  small  library 
for  the  layman  and  scientist.  Canyon  maps 
and  photos  are  displayed.  The  reception-room 
has  spacious  windows,  a  fireplace,  Navajo  rugs 
and  easy  chairs;  it  is  electric  lighted  and  steam 
heated. 

Hopi  House — Opposite  El  Tovar  is  a  repro- 
duction of  the  dwellings  of  the  Hopi  Indians  and 
several  Navajo  hogans. 

In  the  Hopi  House  are  installed  collections  of 
Indian  handiwork.  Here  also  live  a  small  band 
of  Hopis.  These  are  the  most  primitive  In- 
dians in  our  country.  Their  ceremonies  are 
hundreds  of  years  old,  the  most  famous  being 
that  of  the  snake  dance.  The  men  weave 
blankets  and  the  women  make  pottery.  The 
Navajos  weave  fine  blankets  which  find  a  ready 
market  and  the  silversmiths  fashion  their  arti- 
cles, mostly  bracelets  and  rings,  from  Mexican 
coin  silver.  Supai  Indians  from  Cataract  Can- 
yon frequently  visit  El  Tovar. 

Hermit's  Rest— Where  Hermit  Rim  Road 
ends  and  Hermit  Trail  begins  is  a  unique  rest- 


house,  built  into  the  hill,  with  a  roofed-in  porch 
and  parapet  wall.  As  the  name  implies,  it  is 
intended  to  provide  rest  and  shelter  for  parties 
who  take  the  Rim  Road  drive,  or  the  Hermit 
Trail  trip.  Guests  may  sit  at  the  tables  outside 
or  sheltered  by  the  glass  front  inside,  according 
to  weather,  and  enjoy  a  light  lunch  in  unusual 
surroundings.  Admission  is  by  ticket. 

The  Trails  Down  to  the  River  —  There  are 
but  four  points  from  which  a  descent  may  be 
made  of  the  south  wall  of  the  Grand  Canyon 
in  the  vicinity  of  the  granite  gorge: 

1.  At  Grand  View,  down  Grand  View  Trail. 

2.  At  El  Tovar,  down  Bright  Angel  Trail. 

3.  At  Hermit  Basin,  down  Hermit  Trail. 

4.  West    of    Havasupai    Point,    down    Bass 
Trail. 

Hermit  and  Bright  Angel  trails  are  regularly 
used  and  are  kept  in  excellent  condition.  Grand 
View  and  Bass  Trails  are  used  infrequently. 

The  Canyon  is  accessible  over  trails  at  other 
places  outside  of  the  district  named,  such  as 
Lee's  Ferry  Trail,  by  wagon  from  Winslow,  and 
Hopi  Indian  Trail,  by  way  of  Little  Colorado 
Canyon;  but  tourists  take  the  El  Tovar  and 
Hermit  routes  because  of  the  superior  facilities 
there  offered. 

It  is  near  Grand  View  that  Marble  Canyon 
ends  and  the  Grand  Canyon  proper  begins. 
Northward,  eighteen  miles  away,  is  the  mouth 
of  the  Little  Colorado  Canyon.  From  Grand 
View  the  beginning  of  the  granite  gorge  is  seen. 


P  a  g  e    nineteen 


P a  A  e     twenty 


Overlooking  the  Colorado  River  from  Plateau  Point. 
Th«  Coloardo  River  at  foot  of  Bright  Angel  Trail. 


El  Tovar  is  approximately  in  the  center, 
Hermit  a  little  west  of  center,  and  Bass  Trail 
at  the  western  end  of  the  granite  gorge.  By 
auto  road  it  is  about  thirteen  miles  from  El 
Tovar  east  to  Grand  View,  eight  miles  west  to 
Hermit,  and  twenty-four  miles  west  to  Bass 
Trail. 

Hermit  Rim  Road 

A  scenic  roadway,  Hermit  Rim  Road,  has  been 
built  from  El  Tovar  westward  to  the  head  of  Her- 
mit Basin,  seven  and  a  half  miles.  It  is  like  a  city 
boulevard  in  the  wilderness.  1 1  closely  follows  the 
rim,  by  way  of  Hopi  and  Mohave  Points,  to 
Pima  Point,  and  thence  along  the  east  side  of 
Hermit  Basin  to  top  of  Hermit  Trail.  In  many 
places  there  is  a  sheer  drop  of  2,000  feet  within 
a  rod  of  the  rim. 

Along  the  entire  route  the  gigantic  panorama 
of  the  Grand  Canyon  unfolds  itself  for  miles 
and  miles,  with  views  of  Tusayan  Forest,  the 
Cataract  country,  and,  far  to  the  west,  the 
purple  peaks  of  the  Uinkarets. 

Powell  Monument,  on  Sentinel  Point,  was 
erected  by  the  U.  S.  Government  as  a  memorial  to 
Major  John  W.  Powell,  the  first  Canyon  explorer. 
This  massive  monument  is  constructed  of  native 
rock  and  represents  an  Aztec  sacrificial  altar. 

Regular  Trip  Drives  by  Coach  —  There 
are  several  interesting  "regular  trip"  drives  by 
coach.  They  are  popular  with  everybody,  the 
expense  being  moderate.  A  list  follows: 

Hopi  Point  —  El  Tovar  to  Hopi  Point,  two 
miles  west,  and  back;  first  trip  starts  at  10  a.  m. ; 
rate,  $1.00.  Second  trip  leaves  at  2  p.  m.; 
rate,  $1.00.  Third  trip  leaves  at  an  hour  timed 
to  reach  the  point  before  sunset;  rate,  $1.50. 

Mohave  Point  —  Three  miles  west;  leaves 
9  a.  m.  and  2  p.  m.;  rate,  $2. 

Hermit  Rim  Road  —  Fifteen  miles  round 
trip  —  once  in  the  forenoon  and  once  in  the 
afternoon.  The  first  starts  at  9  a.  m.  and 
reaches  El  Tovar,  returning,  at  1  p.  m.;  rate,  $3. 
The  second  starts  at  2  p.  m.,  and  reaches  El 
Tovar,  returning,  about  5:30  p.  m. ;  rate,  $3. 
Stops  are  made  en  route  at  Hopi,  Mohave  and 
Pima  points.  Rates  named  also  include  use 
of  facilities  and  light  refreshments  at  Hermit's 
Rest. 

Yavapai  and  Grandeur  Points  —  This 
drive  extends  two  miles  east  of  El  Tovar;  start 
10:15  a.  m.;  rate,  $1. 

Private  Conveyance  Rates  —  Where  private 
carriages  or  coaches  are  desired,  an  extra  charge 
of  $2  is  made  for  entire  party,  besides  the 
individual  rate  for  regular  service. 


As  an  example  —  the  rate  for  regular  trip  to 
end  of  rim  road  is  $3  each  person.  If  one  person 
desires  to  make  this  trip  in  a  special  convey- 
ance, that  person  would  pay  $5;  if  two  persons 
go,  the  entire  expense  would  be  $8;  for  three 
persons,  $11;  and  so  on  up  to  six.  The  $2 
extra  is  collected  for  the  party  as  a  whole,  and 
not  individually. 

Rates  for  special  autos  vary  with  service 
performed. 

Note  —  If  the  demand  for  regular  trip  driven  is  no  heavy 
as  to  require  use  of  all  conveyances  available,  private 
carriages  or  coaches  will  be  discontinued  temporarily. 

Regular  Trip  Drives  by  Auto  — With   th<- 

rapid  development  of  good  roads  in  Northern 
Arizona,  the  use  of  the  auto  for  seeing  this  sec- 
tion enables  visitors  to  get  around  quickly  and 
with  comfort.  One  easily  can  make  the  detour 
to  the  Canyon  from  either  Flagstaff  or  Williams 
over  good  natural  roads,  which  for  two-thirds  of 
the  way,  run  over  a  rolling  plain.  To  care  for 
increasing  auto  travel,  a  large  stone  garage  has 
been  built  at  the  Canyon,  with  ample  facilities 
for  parking,  repairing  and  supplying  cars. 

Some  of  the  "regular"  auto  trips  are  mentioned 
below.  Autos  are  not  permitted  on  Hermit 
Rim  Road,  nor  on  the  road  to  Yavapai  Point, 
nor  on  road  from  Rowe  Well  to  Hopi  Point. 
This  is  a  regulation  of  the  United  States  Govern- 
ment to  safeguard  travel  by  coach  along  the  rim. 
There  are  no  such  restrictions  elsewhere  in  this 
vicinity. 

Special  rates  are  made  for  special  auto  service. 

Grand  View  —  The  round  trip  to  Grand 
View  Point,  thirteen  miles  each  way,  is  made  by 
automobile  in  about  three  and  a  half  hours, 
allowing  sufficient  time  to  visit  the  nearby 
outlooks.  Leave  El  Tovar  9:30  a.  m.  and  2 
p.  m.  daily;  rate,  $3.  The  ride  is  through  the 
tallest  pines  of  the  Tusayan  Forest,  via  Long 
Jim  Canyon  and  Thor's  Hammer. 

From  Grand  View  may  be  seen  that  section  of 
the  Canyon  from  Bright  Angel  Creek  to  Marble 
Canyon,  including  the  great  bend  of  the  Col- 
orado. On  the  eastern  wall  are  Moran,  Zuni, 
Papago,  Pinal,  Navaho  (Desert  View)  and 
Comanche  points;  and  the  mouth  of  the  Little 
Colorado  River.  Still  further  beyond  is  the 
Painted  Desert  and  Navaho  Mountain  —  the 
latter  plainly  seen,  though  one  hundred  and 
twenty  miles  away.  The  rim  trail  to  Moran 
Point  is  interesting.  Grand  View  Trail  enters 
the  Canyon  near  Grand  View  Point. 

Desert  View  —  At  this  point  there  is  a  far 
outlook  not  only  into  the  Canyon  above  the 
granite  gorge,  where  the  river  valley  widens, 
but  also  across  the  Painted  Desert,  toward  Hopi- 


P  a  f>,  e      twenty-one 


Motoring  through  pine  forest  on  way  to  Grand  View. 
Grand  View  Hotel. 


Detroit  Publishing  Co. 


land,  and  along  the  Desert  Palisades  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Little  Colorado.  At  sunset  and 
sunrise  it  is  a  glorious  sight.  For  that  reason 
one  preferably  should  arrange  to  stay  over- 
night —  a  camping  trip,  elsewhere  referred  to. 
Where  time  is  an  object  the  run  may  be  made 
by  auto  there  and  back  in  a  day,  as  soon  as 
the  necessary  road  improvements  have  been 
finished. 

The  distance  is  thirty-two  miles  each  way,  via 
Grand  View,  Hull  Tank,  Trash  Dam,  Tanner 
Tank,  old  Aztec  ruin,  and  head  of  Tanner  Trail. 
Two  round  trips  a  day,  leaving  El  Tovar  9  a.  m. 
and  return  by  I  :30  p.  m.  Rate  for  one  person, 
$20;  for  two  persons,  $10  each;  for  three  or  more 
persons  up  to  capacity  of  car,  $8  each.  Special 
auto  for  parties  of  six  persons  or  less,  $48;  lunch 
extra,  except  for  El  Tovar  room  guests. 

Flagstaff —  It  is  about  eighty-five  miles,  El 
Tovar  to  Flagstaff,  via  Grand  View,  Lockett's 
Lake.  Skinner's  Wash,  Moki  Wash  and  San 
Francisco  Peaks,  over  a  main  traveled  road,  on 
which  a  good  run  is  possible  most  of  the  year. 
The  round  trip  requires  about  two  days. 

This  is  a  very  enjoyable  drive  through  pine 
forests  and  across  green  mesas  along  the  old- 
time  stage  route  to  the  Canyon.  The  town  of 
Flagstaff  is  located  in  the  heart  of  the  San 
Francisco  uplift.  In  this  vicinity  are  pre- 
historic cliff  dwellings,  extinct  craters,  volcanic 
cones,  lava  beds  and  ice  caves.  The  summit  of 


Humphrey's  Peak,  one  of  the  peaks  forming  the 
San  Francisco  Mountains,  is  12,750  feet  high. 

Hermit  Trail  —  A  pathway  down  the  south 
wall  of  the  Grand  Canyon,  named  Hermit  Trail, 
has  been  built  from  end  of  Hermit  Rim  Road 
to  the  Colorado  River.  One  can  take  carriage 
from  El  Tovar  to  head  of  Hermit  Trail,  and  go 
as  far  down  as  the  plateau,  muleback  —  a  two- 
days'  round  trip,  spending  the  night  at  Hermit 
Camp.  Hermit-Tonto-Bright  Angel  Loop  camp- 
ing trip,  requiring  two  to  three  days,  includes 
the  rim  road  and  three  trails,  Hermit,  Tonto  and 
Bright  Angel. 

Hermit  Trail  is  four  feet  wide.  The  descent 
is  accomplished  by  a  series  of  easy  grades.  A 
southern  exposure  for  the  first  thousand  feet  at 
top,  renders  it  comparatively  free  in  winter. 
The  lower  section  opens  into  the  main  Canyon 
along  Hermit  Creek. 

On  the  plateau,  at  the  foot  of  a  lofty  peak, 
Hermit  Camp  has  been  built  —  a  central  dining- 
hall  and  eleven  tents  with  accommodations  for 
thirty  persons.  Excellent  camp  meals  are  pro- 
vided. The  tents  have  pine  floors  and  sides, 
beds,  rugs,  and  other  conveniences. 

The  upper  part  of  Hermit  Trail  leads  down 
into  Hermit  Basin,  on  the  western  slope,  to 
where  the  red  wall  begins.  From  Red  Top  to 
the  head  of  Cathedral  Stairs  the  way  leads  along 
the  steep  east  wall  of  Hermit  Gorge,  almost  on 
a  level. 


P  a  A  e      twenty-two 


At  Cathedral  Stairs  there  is  an  abrupt  descent 
through  the  blue  limestone  by  a  succession  of 
short  zigzags.  From  camp  to  Colorado  River 
there  is  a  new  trail.  The  river  view  at  Hermit 
Rapids  is  one  of  the  finest  along  the  Colorado. 
These  rapids  are  narrow,  long,  and  very  rough. 

Hermit  Trail  is  distinguished  from  all  the 
others  by  its  wide  views  of  the  big  Canyon 
nearly  every  rod  of  the  way. 

Hermit  Camp  Overnight  —  This  trip  takes 
two  days  and  one  night.  Hermit  Rim  Road  to 
head  Hermit  Trail;  down  Hermit  Trail;  stay 
overnight  at  Hermit  Camp;  go  to  River  foot  of 
Hermit  Creek;  return  up  Hermit  Trail  to  rim; 
thence  Rim  Road. 

Start  from  El  Tovar  or  Bright  Angel  Cottages 
at  9  a.  m.,  and  return  next  afternoon.  Round- 
trip  charge  is  $16  for  each  person;  private  guide, 
$5  a  day  extra,  rate  quoted  includes  regular 
guide,  overnight  accommodations  and  meals  en 
route. 

Hermit-Tonto-Bright  Angel  Loop  —  This 
trip  takes  two  days  and  one  night.  Hermit 
Rim  Road  to  head  Hermit  Trail;  down  Hermit 
Trail;  stay  over  night  at  Hermit  Camp;  go  to 
River  foot  of  Hermit  Creek;  return  along  Ton  to 
Trail  to  Indian  Garden ;  thence  up  Bright 
Angel  Trail. 

Start  from  El  Tovar  or  Bright  Angel  Cottages 
at  9  a.  m.,  and  return  next  afternoon.  Round- 
trip  charge  is  $23  for  each  person;  private  guide 
$5  a  day  extra;  rate  quoted  includes  regular 


guide,  over-night  accommodations  and  meals  en 
route. 

Note  —  This  trip  can  be  lengthened  to  three  days  and 
two  nights  by  spending  an  extra  night  in  the  Canyon,  also 
going  to  River  at  foot  of  Bright  Angel  Trail  —  a  34-mile 
journey.  Rate.  $14  a  day.  one  person:  $8  a  day  extra  each 
additional  person;  provisions  extra;  includes  guide. 

Bright  Angel  Trail  —  The  trail  here  ia  gen- 
erally open  the  year  'round.  In  midwinter  it  is 
liable  to  be  closed  for  a  day  or  two  at  the  top 
by  snow,  but  such  blockade  is  not  frequent. 
The  trail  reaches  from  the  hotel  seven  miles  to 
Colorado  River,  with  a  branch  terminating  at 
the  top  of  the  granite  wall  immediately  over- 
looking the  river.  At  this  latter  point  the 
stream  is  1 ,272  feet  below,  while  El  Tovar  hotel 
on  the  rim  is  3,158  feet  above.  The  trip  is  made 
on  muleback,  accompanied  by  a  guide. 

Those  wishing  to  reach  the  river  leave  the 
main  trail  at  Indian  Garden  and  follow  the 
downward  course  of  Indian  Garden  and  Pipe 
creeks.  A  feature  of  this  section  is  a  spiral 
pathway  up  an  almost  perpendicular  wall. 

Another  noted  feature  is  Jacob's  Ladder,  cut 
across  the  face  of  hard  blue  limestone  rock. 

For  the  first  two  miles  it  is  indeed  a  sort  of 
Jacob's  ladder,  zigzagging  at  an  unrelenting 
pitch.  At  the  end  of  two  miles  the  blue  lime- 
stone level  is  reached  some  2,500  feet  below  the 
rim,  that  is  to  say  —  for  such  figures  have  to  be 
impressed  objectively  upon  the  mind  —  five 
times  the  height  of  St.  Peter's,  the  Pyramid  of 
Cheops,  or  the  Strasburg  Cathedral;  eight  times 
the  height  of  the  Bartholdi  Statue  of  Liberty; 


At  Desert  View  there  is  a  far  outlook  into  the  Canyon  and  across  the  Painted  Desert  toward  Hopiland. 

P  a  &  e      twenty-three 


and  eleven  times  the  height  of  Bunker  Hill 
Monument.  Looking  back  from  this  level  the 
huge  towers  that  border  the  rim  shrink  to  pig- 
mies and  seem  to  crown  a  perpendicular  wall, 
unattainably  far  in  the  sky.  Yet  less  than  one- 
half  of  the  descent  has  been  made. 

Leave  at  8:30  a.  m.  for  the  river  trip,  seven 
miles;  return  to  rim  5:30  p.  m.;  rate,  $5  each 
person.  Leave  10:30  a.  m.  for  trip  to  plateau 
five  miles;  rate,  $4  each.  To  plateau  and  river 
same  day,  rate  $6  for  each  person;  start  at 
8  a.  m.  Rates  quoted  above  are  for  each  person 
in  parties  of  three  or  more.  For  special  trips 
with  less  than  three  persons  there  is  a  party 
charge  of  $5  extra  for  guide.  Lunch  extra, 
except  for  El  Tovar  room  guests. 

It  is  necessary  that  visitors  who  walk  down 
Bright  Angel  Trail  and  desire  that  guide  and 
mules  be  sent  to  meet  them,  be  charged  full 
price  and  special  guide  fee  of  $5.  This  is  un- 
avoidable, as  the  mules  and  guides  are  not 
available  for  any  other  trip,  and  in  addition  a 
toll  fee  of  $1  must  be  paid  by  the  management 
for  each  animal,  whether  the  entire  trail  trip  is 
made  or  not. 

Camping  Trips  —  Camping  trips  with  pack 
and  saddle  animals,  or  with  wagon  and  saddle 
animals,  are  organized,  completely  equipped, 
and  placed  in  charge  of  experienced  guides. 

For  climatic  reasons  it  is  well  to  arrange  so 
that  camping  trips  during  the  season  from 
October  to  April  are  mainly  confined  to  the 
inner  Canyon.  For  the  remainder  of  the  year, 
i.  e.,  April  to  October,  they  may  be  planned  to 
include  both  the  Canyon  itself  and  the  rim 
country. 

The  rates  vary  from  $10  to  $15  a  day  for  one 
person;  $6  to  $8  a  day  each  additional  person. 
Such  rates  specially  include  services  of  guide 
and  camp  equipment;  provisions  extra;  figures 
quoted  are  approximate  only,  varying  with 
different  outings. 

Dripping  Spring  —  This  trip  is  made  on 
horseback  all  the  way,  or  carriage  to  rim  and 
saddle  horses  down  trail;  ten  miles  west,  start 
at  8:30  a.  m. ;  rate,  $4  each  for  three  or  more 
persons;  for  less  than  three  persons,  $5  extra  for 
guide.  Private  parties  of  three  or  more  persons, 
$5  extra  for  guide. 

Cataract  Canyon   and   Havasupai  Village 

-  The  best  time  to  visit  this  place  is  from 
May  to  October.  A  journey  of  about  fifty 
miles,  first  by  wagon  or  auto,  thirty-five  miles, 
across  a  timbered  plateau,  then  on  horseback 
down  Topocobya  Trail,  along  Topocobya  and 
Cataract  canyons,  to  the  home  of  the  Havasupai 
Indians. 


The  home  of  this  little  band  ofJ/200  Indians 
is  in  Cataract  Canyon,  a  tributary  of  the  Grand 
Canyon,  deep  down  in  the  earth  two-fifths  of  a 
mile.  The  situation  is  romantic,  and  the  sur- 
roundings are  beautified  by  falls  of  water  over 
precipices  several  hundred  feet  high,  backed  by 
grottoes  of  stalactites  and  stalagmites.  This 
water  all  comes  from  springs  that  gush  forth  in 
surprising  volume  near  the  Havasupai  village. 

The  baskets  made  by  the  Havasupai  women 
consist  of  the  burden  basket,  a  shallow  tray  and 
a  water  bottle  of  willow.  Those  made  by  the 
older  weavers  are  of  fine  mesh,  with  attractive 
designs  and  bring  good  prices.  No  other 
Indians  know  so  well  how  to  cook  meat,  seeds 
and  mush  in  coiled  willow  trays  lined  with  clay. 

This  tribe  is  allied  to  the  Wallapai,  their  near 
neighbors  on  the  west,  and  both  speak  the  same 
language,  with  slight  variation  of  dialect. 
Havasupai  means  people  of  the  blue  water. 
Padre  Garces  was  the  first  white  man  to  visit 
their  canyon  home.  In  early  days  the  Havasu- 
pais  undoubtedly  were  cliff  dwellers.  They 
built  nearly  all  the  Grand  Canyon  trails,  or 
rather  their  rude  pathways  were  the  advance 
guard  of  the  present  trails.  Their  summer 
homes  resemble  those  of  the  Apaches.  The 
winter  homes  afford  more  protection  against  the 
weather. 

The  round  trip  from  El  Tovar  is  made  in 
three  days,  at  an  expense  of  $15  a  day  for  one 
person,  $20  a  day  for  two  persons,  and  $25  a 
day  for  three  persons.  Each  additional  member 
of  party,  $5  a  day.  Provisions  extra.  These 
rates  include  service  for  party  of  one  or  two 
persons,  also  cost  of  horse  feed,  but  do  not  in- 
clude board  and  lodging  at  Supai  Village  for 
members  of  party  and  guide  while  stopping  with 
Indian  agent,  who  charges  $2  a  day  for  each 
person. 

For  parties  of  three  to  six  persons  an  extra 
guide  is  required,  whose  services  are  charged  for 
at  $5  a  day,  besides  his  board  and  lodging  at  the 
village. 

Note  —  At  the  western  end  of  the  granite  gorge  is  a 
trail  down  to  the  Colorado  River  and  up  the  other  side  to 
Point  Sublime  and  Powell's  Plateau,  the  river  being 
crossed  by  ferry.  Reached  by  team  from  El  Tovar.  a 
distance  of  twenty-four  miles,  or  it  can  be  seen  as  a  detour 
on  the  Cataract  Canyon  trip;  rates  on  application. 

Desert  View  —  Elsewhere  reference  is  made 
to  Desert  View  auto  trip.  When  taken  by 
wagon,  it  occupies  three  days,  leaving  El  Tovar 
morning  of  first  day  and  returning  afternoon  of 
third  day,  with  all-night  camp  at  destination. 
Rate,  $10  for  one  person,  and  $5  each  additional 
person;  provisions  extra;  rate  named  includes 
one  guide;  an  extra  guide  costs  $5  a  day. 

Little  Colorado  River  —  The  trip  to  the 
mouth  of  the  Little  Colorado  is  a  most  interest- 


P  a 


twenty-  fou 


At  Cathedral  Stairs,  on  Hermit  Trail,  there  is  an  abrupt  descent  through  the  blue  limestone 
by  a  succession  of  short  zigzags. 

P  a  &  e      twenty-five 


ing  one.  Leaving  Ell  Tovar  in  the  morning  by 
wagon,  camp  is  made  the  first  day  at  Deer 
Tank.  The  next  day  the  Cliff  Dwellings  are 
visited,  and  the  plateau  overlooking  the  Canyon 
of  the  Little  Colorado  is  reached  by  midday. 
From  the  edge  of  the  plateau  to  the  bottom  of 
the  Canyon  is  a  straight  drop  of  2,500  feet. 

Painted  Desert  and  Hopiland  —  The  trip 
is  made  with  saddle  and  pack  animals.  The 
first  night  the  camp  is  at  Saddle  Horse  Tanks. 
Hopi  Crossing  of  the  Little  Colorado  is  reached 
the  next  afternoon  and  Tuba  City  the  third  day. 
The  Hopi  village  of  Moenkopie  is  seen  en  route. 

The  Painted  Desert  country  affords  a  most 
interesting  study  of  a  phase  of  Indian  entertain- 
ment, little  known  to  white  people. 

Horseback  Trips  —  The  Far  West  ranges 
are  the  home  of  the  horse.  Here  the  pinto, 
cayuse  and  broncho  truly  belong.  Here  they 
grow  strong  of  limb  and  swift  of  foot. 

Recently  many  new  bridle  paths  along  the 
rim  and  through  the  pines  of  Tusayan  have 
been  opened  up,  so  that  horseback  riding  now 
is  possible  for  all.  The  animals  are  well  trained  and 
dependable.  Saddle-horses  cost  $4  a  day,  or  $2.50 
a  half  day.  English,  McLellan,  Whitman  or 
Western  stock  saddles  furnished  as  requested. 
Side  saddles  not  provided.  The  rate  for  special 
guides  is  $5  a  day,  or  $2.50  a  half  day.  Horse- 
back trips  over  any  of  the  trails  into  the  Canyon 
are  only  permitted  when  accompanied  by  guide. 
This  is  necessary  to  avoid  risk  in  meeting  trail 
parties  and  pack  trains. 

Time  Required  —  While  one  ought  to  re- 
main a  week  or  two,  a  stopover  of  three  or  four 
days  from  the  transcontinental  trip  will  be  quite 
satisfactory.  The  Hermit  overnight  camping 
trip  requires  one  day  and  night.  One  day 
should  be  devoted  to  a  carriage  ride  along  the 
Hermit  Rim  Road,  and  by  auto  to  Grand  View. 
Another  day  go  down  Bright  Angel  Trail  and 
back.  A  fourth  day  spent  in  short  walks  to 
nearby  points,  or  on  horseback,  will  enable 


CROSS  SCCT10N  SHOWING  ROCK 
STRATA  IN   GRAND    CANYON 


visitors  to  get  more  intimate  views.  Hermit 
Loop  three-day  camping  trip,  down  one  trail 
and  up  another,  is  well  worth  while. 

The  National  Park  Service  of  the  Department 
of  the  Interior  recommends  to  the  traveling  pul 
lie  that  stop-overs  of  as  long  duration  as  practi- 
cable be  planned  at  points  within  the  Parks, — 
that  Grand  Canyon  National  Park  be  regard* 
not  alone  as  a  region  which  may  be  glimpsed  on 
a  hurried  trip,  but  also  as  a  vacation  playgroui 
for  rest  and  recreation. 

One-Day  Outings  —  In  one  day  any  one  < 
the  following  combinations  of  regular  round 
trips  may  be  taken  at  the  Canyon,  from  El 
Tovar  or  Bright  Angel  Cottages: 

1.  (a)  Hermit   Rim   Road,   coach   to  head   of 

Hermit  Trail,  $3. 
(b)  Auto  to  Grand  View,  $3. 

2.  (a)   Hermit   Rim   Road,   coach   to   head  of 

Hermit  Trail,  $3. 

(b)  Hermit  Trail   to  Santa   Maria  Spring, 
$4;  guide  extra. 

3.  Bright  Angel  Trail  to  Plateau  ($4)  or  river 

($5). 

4.  (a)  Coach  to  Yavapai  Point,  $1. 

(b)  Coach  to  Hopi  Point,  $1  and  $1.50. 

5.  Bright  Angel  Trail  to  river  and  plateau,  $6; 

guide  extra. 

Two-Day  Outings  —  In  two  days  any  one 
of  these  regular  trip  combinations  may  be  taken: 

1.  (a)  Hermit    Rim    Road    to    head    Hermit 

Trail;  Hermit  Trail  to  Plateau  Camp 

and  river;  return  same  route;  $16. 

Note. — For  return  via  Tonto  and   Bright 

Angel  Trails,  instead  of  Hermit  Trail,  add  $7, 

each  person. 

2.  (a)   Bright  Angel  Trail   to  Plateau;   round 

trip,  $4. 

(b)  Hermit    Rim    Road    to    head    Hermit 

Trail,  round  trip,  $3. 

(c)  Grand  View  auto,  round  trip,  $3. 

What  to  Wear  —  If  much  tramping  is  done, 
stout,  thick  shoes  should  be  provided.  Ladies 
will  find  that  short  walking  skirts  are  a  con- 
venience; divided  skirts  are  preferable,  but  not 
essential,  for  the  horseback  journey  down  the 
zigzag  trail.  Traveling  caps  and  (in  summer) 
broad-brimmed  straw  hats  are  useful  adjuncts. 
Otherwise  ordinary  clothing  will  suffice.  Divided 
skirts  and  straw  hats  may  be  rented  at  El  Tovar 
Hotel. 

Flora  and  Fauna  —  Grand  Canyon  National 
Park  is  bordered  on  the  north  by  the  Kaibab 
National  Forest  and  on  the  south  by  the  Tusayan 
National  Forest.  In  fact,  a  part  of  each  of 
these  forests  is  now  within  the  boundaries  of 
the  Park. 

In  this  high  forested  region,  the  climatic 
diversity  on  the  rim  and  in  the  depths  is  indicated 
all  year,  by  the  wild  flowers,  shrubs  and  trees. 
On  the  rim  are  the  pines,  cedars,  junipers,  pinyon 
and  mesquite,  also  the  cactus,  "rose  of  the 
desert,"  the  cholla  and  ocatillo,  the  yucca  or 
Spanish  bayonet,  and  many  brilliantly  colored 
wild  flowers.  The  farther  down  one  goes,  the 
greater  the  change  becomes.  The  pines  drop 


P  a 


t  »•  e  n  t  y  -  s 


On  the  plateau  at  base  of  Hermit  Point  U  Hermit  Camp. 

Hermit  Trail  it  four  feet  wide,  with  a  low  protecting  wall  on  the  outeide.        The  Colorado  River  at  foot  of  Hermit  Trail. 

P  a  &  e      twenty-seven 


out,  then  the  cedar,  juniper  and  pinyons.    Many 
new  wild  flowers  appear. 

There  is  a  wide  range  of  bird  life,  such  as  the 
golden  eagle,  wild  turkey,  sage-hen,  mocking- 
bird, and  the  noisy  magpie.  Humming-birds 
and  Canyon  wrens  are  seen  everywhere. 

The  North  Rim — About  two  hundred  miles 
to  the  southeast  of  Lund,  Utah,  by  auto  highway, 
is  Bright  Angel  Point,  on  the  north  rim  of  the 
Grand  Canyon.  The  journey  will  make  an 
appeal  to  those  who  aim  to  get  away  from  the 
usual  and  into  the  primitive.  No  regular 
schedules  are  avilable  for  the  entire  distance;  and 
tourists  must  be  satisfied  with  the  homelike  ac- 
commodations of  remote  villages  en  route  and 
comfortable  camps  at  the  Canyon  rim. 

The  route  from  Lund  is  thirty-five  miles  to 
Cedar  City,  forty-four  miles  from  Cedar  City 
to  Hurricane,  sixty-nine  miles  from  Hurricane  to 
Fredonia  and  sixty-three  miles  from  Fredonia 
to  Grand  Canyon  National  Park. 

The  tour  embraces  several  zones  of  altitude. 
At  Cedar  City  the  climate  is  comparable  with 
that  of  Salt  Lake  City;  southward  the  road 
drops  downward  two  thousand  feet  through  the 
Hurricane  Fault  into  Utah's  "Dixie,"  a  gar- 
den spot  of  semi-tropical  vegetation  and  quaint 
Mormon  settlements.  South  of  Hurricane  the 
route  is  across  a  land  of  Zane  Grey's  "Purple 
Sage,"  and  upward  for  sixty  miles  along  the 
magnificent  stretches  of  the  Kaibab  Plateau, 
whose  southern  escarpment,  at  an  altitude  of 
8,000  feet,  is  the  northern  wall  of  the  Grand 
Canyon  of  the  Colorado.  These  last  sixty  miles 
are  through  the  Kaibab  forest,  a  national  reserve 
which  exhibits  on  a  grand  scale  one  of  the 
largest  forests  of  giant  pines  in  the  United  States. 
The  high,  dry,  bracing  pine-laden  air,  the  forest 
aisles,  and  occasional  glimpses  of  wild  deer,  make 
this  ride  a  fitting  prelude  to  the  silent  symphony 
of  the  Grand  Canyon  itself. 


How  to  Reach  the  Park 

Grand  Canyon  National  Park  is  directly 
reached  by  a  branch  line  of  railroad  extending 
sixty-four  miles  northward  from  Williams,  Ariz. 
In  certain  trains  through  standard  sleeping  cars 
are  operated  to  and  from  Grand  Canyon  station. 
Passengers  using  other  trains  and  stopping  over 
at  Williams  will  find  adequate  accommodations 
at  the  Fray  Marcos,  station  hotel. 

Excursion  Tickets 

Stop-overs  at  Williams  are  permitted  on 
round-trip  and  one-way  tickets,  all  classes,  read- 
ing to  points  beyond — also  on  Pullman  tickets. 
Side-trip  fare  from  Williams  to  Grand  Canyon 
and  return  is  $7.60.  Round-trip  excursion 
tickets  at  reduced  fares  are  on  sale  daily  at  prac- 
tically all  stations  in  the  United  States  and  Can- 
ada to  Grand  Canyon,  as  a  destination. 

Baggage 

Baggage  may  be  checked  through  to  Grand 
Canyon  station,  if  required.  Passengers  making 
brief  side-trips  to  Grand  Canyon  may  check  bag- 
gage to  Williams  only  or  through  to  destination. 
Certain  regulations  for  free  storage  of  baggage  for 
Grand  Canyon  passengers  are  in  effect. 

The  route  to  the  North  Rim  is  elsewhere 
described. 


%  Park  Administration 

Grand  Canyon  National  Park  is  under  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  Director,  National  Park  Ser- 
vice, Department  of  the  Interior,  Washington, 
D.  C.  The  Park  Superintendent  is  located  at 
Grand  Canyon,  Ariz. 


An  exceptional  snow  fall  on  the  rim  of  the  Grand  Canyon. 


P  a 


twenty-ei}h 


Navajo  woman  spinning  wool. 


Hopi  Indian  women  weaving. 


A  Supai  maiden  from  Cataract  Canyon. 
P  a  &  e      twenty-nine 


Grand  Canyon  railroad  station. 
Trail  party  in  front  of  Bright  Angel  Cottages. 


Horseback  party  in  Tusayan  Forest. 
Monument  to  Maj.  J.  W.  Powell,  first  explorer  of  Grand  Canyon. 


U.  S.  Government  Publications 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
free  on  written  application  to  the  Director  of 
the  National  Park  Service,  Washington,  D.  C., 

Glimpses  of  our  National  Parks.  48  pages, 
illustrated. 

Map  of  National  Parks  and  National  Monu- 
ments. Shows  location  of  all  of  the  national 
parks  and  monuments,  and  railroad  routes  to 
these  reservations. 

The  following  publication  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  Govern- 
ment Printing  Office,  Washington,  D.  C.,  at 
price  given.  Remittances  should  be  by  money 
order  or  in  cash. 

The  National  Parks  Portfolio.  By  Robert 
Sterling  Yard.  260  pages,  270  illustrations. 
Pamphlet  edition,  35  cents;  book  edition,  55 
cents.  Contains  nine  sections,  each  descriptive 
of  national  park. 


U.  S.  R.  R.  Administration 
Publications 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
free  on  application  to  any  consolidated  ticket 
office;  or  apply  to  the  Bureau  of  Service,  National 
Parks  and  Monuments,  or  Travel  Bureau  — 
Western  Lines,  646  Transportation  Building, 
Chicago,  111. 

Arizona  and  New  Mexico  Rockies 

California  for  the  Tourist 

Colorado  and  Utah  Rockies 

Crater  Lake  National  Park.  Oregon 

Glacier  National  Park.  Montana 

Grand  Canyon  National  Park.  Arizona 

Hawaii  National  Park.  Hawaiian  Islands 

Hot  Springs  National  Park.  Arkansas 

Mesa  Verde  National  Park.  Colorado 

Mount  Rainier  National  Park,  Washington 

Northern  Lakes — Wisconsin.  Minnesota.  Upper  Michigan. 

Iowa,  and   Illinois. 
Pacific  Northwest  and  Alaska 
Petrified  Forest  National  Monument.  Arizona 
Rocky  Mountain  National  Park.  Colorado 
Sequoia  and  General  Grant  National  Parks.  California 
Yellowstone  National  Park,  Wyoming.  Montana.  Idaho 
Yosemite  National  Park.  California 
Zion  National  Monument.  Utah 


P  a 


thirty 


The  National  Parks  at  a  glance 

United    States    Railroad    Administration 

Director  General  of  Railroads 

For  particulars  as  to  fares,  train  schedules,  etc.,  apply  to~any  Railroad  Ticket  Agent,  or  to  any 
of  the  following  United  States  Railroad  Administration  Consolidated  Ticket  Offices: 

West 

Lincoln,  Neb 104  N.  13th  St. 

Little  Rock.  Ark.  .          .202  W.  2d  St. 


Beaumont.  Tex.,  Orleans  and  Pearl  Sts. 

Bremerton.  Wash 224  Front  St. 

Butte.  Mont 2  N.  Main  St. 

Chicago.  Ill 175  W.  Jackson  Blvd. 

Colorado  Springs,  Colo. 

119  E.  Pike's  Peak  Ave. 

Dallas.  Tex I  12-1  14  Field  St. 

Denver.   Colo 601    17th  St. 

Des  Moines,  Iowa 403  Walnut  St. 

Duluth.  Minn 334  W.  Superior  St. 

El  Paso,  Tex ....  Mills  and  Oregon  Sts. 

702  Houston  St. 

.  .  .  .  J  and  Fresno  Sts. 

21st  and  Market  Sts. 

58  S.  Main  St. 

904  Texas  Ave. 


Ft.  Worth.  T. 
Fresno,  Cal .  .  .  . 
Galveston,  Tex. 
Helena,  Mont.  . 
Houston,  Tex  .  . 
Kansas  City,  M 
Ry.  Ex.  Bid 


Long  Beach,  Cal .  .  L.  A.  &  S.  L   Station 
Los  Angeles.  Cal .  .  .  .215  S.  Broadway 

Milwaukee.  Wis 99  Wisconsin  St. 

Minneapolis.  Minn..  202  Sixth  St.  South 
Oakland.  Cal.  .  .  13th  St.  and  Broadway 

Ocean  Park,  Cal 160  Pier  Ave. 

Oklahoma  City.  Okla. 

131   W.  Grand  Ave. 

Omaha,   Neb 1416   Dodge  St 

Peoria,  III.  .  .Jefferson  and  Liberty  Sts. 


g..  7th  and  Walnut  Sts. 


Annapolis.  Md 54  Maryland  Ave. 

Atlantic  City.  N.  J..   1301    Pacific  Ave. 
Baltimore,  Md. .  .  .B.  &  O.  R.  R.  Bldg. 

Boston.  Mass 67  Franklin  St. 

Brooklyn.  N.  Y 336  Fulton  St. 

Buffalo.  N.  Y.  .Main  and  Division  Sts. 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  .  .6th  and  Main  Sts. 

Cleveland.  Ohio 1004  Prospect  Ave. 

Columbus,  Ohio 70  East  Gay  St. 

Dayton.  Ohio 19  S.  Ludlow  St. 


Asheville,  N.  C 14  S.  Polk  Square 

Atlanta,  Ga 74  Peachtree  St. 

Augusta.  Ga 811   Broad  St. 


St.  Paul.  Minn    .  .4th  and  Jackson  Sts. 
Sacramento.  Cal 801    K  St. 


Salt  Lake  City.  Utah 

Main  and  S.  Temple  Sts. 
San  Antonio,  Tex. 

315-17  N.  St.  Mary's  St. 

San  Diego.  Cal 300  Broadway 

San  Francisco,  Cal 

Lick  Bldg..  Post  St.  and  Lick  Place 
San  Jose,  Cal.,  1  st  and  San  Fernando  Sts. 

Seattle.  Wash 714-16  2d  Ave. 

Shreveport,  La.,  Milarn  and  Market  Sts. 
510  4th  St. 


Sioux  City,   Iowa 

Spokane.  Wash. 

Davenport  Hotel.  815  Sprague  Ave. 

Tacoma.  Wash.  ..1117-19  Pacific  Ave. 
6th  and  Franklin  Sts. 
L.  A.  &  S.  L.  Station 
....  226  Portage  Ave. 


Waco.  Tex.... 
Whittier.  Cal.. 
Winnipeg,  Man 


Phoenix,  Ariz. 

Adams  St.  and  Central  Ave. 
Portland,  Ore.  .3d  and  Washington  Sts. 

Pueblo.  Colo 401-3  N.  Union  Ave. 

St.  Joseph,  Mo 505  Francis  St. 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 

318-328  North  Broadway 

East 

Detroit,  Mich  ...  1 3  W.  LaFayette  Ave. 
Evansville.  Ind.  .  .  L.  &  N.  R.  R.  Bldg 

Grand  Rapids.  Mich 125  Pearl  St. 

Indianapolis.  Ind..  I  12-14  English  Block 
Newark,  N.  J.,  Clinton  and  Beaver  Sts. 

New  York,  N.  Y 64  Broadway 

New  York,  N.  Y 57  Chambers  St. 

New  York.  N.  Y 31  W.  32d  St. 

New  York.  N.  Y I  14  W.  42d  St 

South 

Knoxville.  Tenn 600  Gay  St. 

Lexington.  Ky Union  Station 

Louisville,  Ky .  .  .  .4th  and  Market  Sts. 

Lynchburg,  Va 722  Main  St. 

Memphis,  Tenn 60  N.  Main  St. 

Mobile,  Ala 51   S.  Royal  St. 

Montgomery,  Ala Exchange  Hotel 

Nashville,  Tenn. Independent  Life  Bldg. 
New  Orleans,  La St.  Charles  Hotel 

For  detailed  information  regarding  National  Parks  and  Monuments  address  Bureau  of  Service, 
National  Parks  and  Monuments,  or  Travel  Bureau — Western  Lines,  646  Transportation  Building. 
Chicago. 


Birmingham,  Ala. 
Charleston,  S.  C.  . 
Charlotte.  N.  C.  .  .  . 
Chattanooga,  Tenn. 
Columbia,  S.  C.  .  .  . 
Jacksonville.  Fla.  . 


2010  1st  Ave. 

.  Charleston  Hotel 

.  .22  S.  Tryon  St. 

..81  7  Market  St. 

.Arcade  Building 

.  .  .38  W.  Bay  St. 


Philadelphia.  Pa.. 

Pittsburgh.  Pa 

Reading.  Pa 

Rochester.  N.  Y.  . 
Syracuse,  N.  Y.  .  . 

Toledo,  Ohio 

Washington,  D.  C. 
Williamsport.  Pa.  . 
Wilmington.  Del.  . 

Paducah,  Ky 

..  Fla.. 


1539  Chestnut  St. 

.  .Arcade  Building 

..I6N.  Fifth  St. 

20  State  St. 

.  University  Block 
320  Madison  Ave. 
.  1229  F  St.  N.  W. 
.4th  and  Pine  Sts. 
.  .  .905  Market  St. 


Pensacola 
Raleigh.  N.  C 
Richmond.  Va 
Savannah,  Ga 

Sheffield.  Ala Sheffield  Hotel 

Tampa.  Fla Hillsboro  Hotel 

Vicksburg.  Miss.  .1319  Washington  St. 
Winston-Salem.  N.  C..  236  N.  Main  St. 


.  .  .430  Broadway 
.San  Carlos  Hotel 
305  LaFayette  St. 

.  .830E.  Main  St. 
37  Bull  St. 


P  a 


t  h  i 


r  t  y  -  o  n  e 


PRESS  OF  THE  HENRY  O.   SHEPARO  CO.,   CHICAGO 


This  series  of  tremendous  chasms  reaches  its  culmination  in  a  chaotic  gorge  217  miles  long. 
9  to  13  miles  wide,  and  more  than  6000  feet  deep. 


r/miimrnmiiiiiiimiiiiimiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiimiimm mm 


HA  WAI 

National   Park 


HAWAIIAN     ISLANDS 


!§•  UNITED  STATES  RAILROAD  ADMINISTRATION 


N  AT  IONAL  PARK.          SE 


lilMIIMItmilimi 


Pa  g  e    two 


An  Appreciation  of  the 

Hawaii   National   Park 

By  E.  M.  NEWMAN,  Traveler  and  Lecturer 

Written  Especially  for  the  United  States  Railroad  Administration 


FIRES  of  a  visible  inferno  burning  in  the 
midst  of  an  earthly  paradise  is  a  striking  con- 
trast, afforced  only  in  the  Hawaii  National 
Park.  It  is  a  combination  of  all  that  is  terrify- 
ing and  all  that  is  beautiful,  a  blending  of  the  awful  with 
the  magnificent.  Lava-flows  of  centuries  are  piled  high 
about  a  living  volcano,  which  is  set  like  a  ruby  in  an  emer- 
ald bower  of  tropical  grandeur.  Picture  a  perfect  May 
day,  when  glorious  sunshine  and  smiling  nature  combine 
to  make  the  heart  glad;  then  multiply  that  day  by  three 
hundred  and  sixty-five  and  the  result  is  the  climate  of 
Hawaii.  Add  to  this  the  sweet  odors,  the  luscious  fruits, 
the  luxuriant  verdure,  the  flowers  and  colorful  beauty  of 
the  tropics,  and  the  Hawaii  National  Park  becomes  a 
dreamland  that  lingers  in  one's  memory  as  long  as  memory 
survives. 


Page    three 


To  the  American  People: 

Uncle  Sam  asks  you  to  be  his  guest.  He  has  prepared  for  you  the 
choice  places  of  this  continent — places  of  grandeur,  beauty  and  of 
wonder.  He  has  built  roads  through  the  deep-cut  canyons  and  beside 
happy  streams,  which  will  carry  you  into  these  places  in  comfort,  and 
has  provided  lodgings  and  food  in  the  most  distant  and  inaccessible 
places  that  you  might  enjoy  yourself  and  realize  as  little  as  possible 
the  rigors  of  the  pioneer  traveler's  life.  These  are  for  you.  They  are 
the  playgrounds  of  the  people.  To  see  them  is  to  make  more  hearty 
your  affection  and  admiration  for  America, 


Secretary  of  the  Interior 


Hawaii  National  Park 


HE  Hawaiian  Islands,  in 
the  mid-Pacific,  comprise  a 
land  of  exquisite  charm,  in 
a  novel  setting. 

It  is  the  land  of  the 
cocoanut  and  the  royal  palm;  the  poin- 
ciana  regia  and  the  monkeypod.  Here 
the  pleasure-seeking  traveler  also  dis- 
covers the  banyan  and  the  hau,  the 
golden  shower  and  the  hibiscus,  the 
pineapple  and  the  papaya,  the  kukui 
and  algeroba  ,  the  lantana  and  pan- 
danus.  And,  from  the  coral  plains 
thus  carpeted,  spring  the  world's  most 
spectacular  volcanoes,  thousands  of 
feet  above  the  vast  surrounding  blue 
of  the  Pacific's  dazzling  waters. 

The  Hawaii  National  Park,  created 
by  the  United  States  Government  in 
1916,  and  administered  by  the  National 
Park  Service  of  the  Department  of  the 
Interior,  includes  three  celebrated  Ha- 
waiian volcanoes,  Kilauea  and  Mauna 
Loa  on  the  island  of  Hawaii,  and 
Haleakala,  on  the  island  of  Maui. 
These  islands  are  connected  by  fre- 
quent steamer  service  with  the  port  of 
Honolulu,  island  of  Oahu. 

"The  Hawaiian  volcanoes,"  writes 
T.  A.  Jaggar,  Jr. ,  director  of  the  Hawaiian 
Volcano  Observatory,  "are  truly  a  na- 
tional asset,  wholly  unique  of  their 
kind,  the  most  famous  in  the  world  of 
science  and  the  most  continuously,  va- 


riously, and  harmlessly  active  volcanoes 
on  earth.  Kilauea  crater  has  been  nearly 
continuously  active,  with  a  lake  or  lakes 
of  molten  lava,  for  a  century.  Mauna 
Loa  is  the  largest  active  volcano  in  the 
world,  with  eruptions  about  once  a  dec- 
ade, and  has  poured  out  more  lava  dur- 
ing the  last  century  than  any  other 
volcano  on  the  globe.  Haleakala  is 
a  mountain  mass  ten  thousand  feet 
high,  with  a  tremendous  crater  rift  in 
its  summit  eight  miles  in  diameter  and 
three  thousand  feet  deep,  containing 
many  high  lava  cones.  Haleakala  is 
probably  the  largest  of  all  known 
craters  among  volcanoes  that  are  tech- 
nically known  as  active.  It  erupted  less 
than  two  hundred  years  ago.  The 
crater  at  sunrise  is  the  grandest  vol- 
canic spectacle  on  earth." 

The  lava  lake  at  Kilauea  is  the  most 
spectacular  feature  of  Hawaii 
National  Park.  It  draws  visitors  from 
all  over  the  world.  It  is  a  lake  of 
molten,  fiery  lava  a  thousand  feet  long, 
splashing  on  its  banks  with  a  noise  like 
waves  of  the  sea,  while  great  fountains 
boil  through  it  fifty  feet  high.  This  ex- 
hibition of  one  of  the  most  amazing 
revelations  of  nature — the  terrific  and 
irresistible  forces  of  the  earth's  internal 
fires — is  accessible  by  automobiles  al- 
most to  the  very  brink,  and  may  be 
safely  viewed.  The  National  Park 
areas  also  include  gorgeous  tropical 


Pag  e    four 


The  Pali,  at  head  of  Nuuanu  Valley,  near  Honolulu 


jungles  and  fine  forests.      Sandalwood, 
elsewhere    extinct,     grows    luxuriantly, 
and  there  are  mahogany  groves. 
The  Paradise  of  the  Pacific 

Hawaii  is  a  Territory  of  the  United 
States,  annexed  in  1898.  The  inhabit- 
ed islands  comprise  a  chain  of  eight, 
stretching  over  a  distance  of  more  than 
four  hundred  miles,  with  a  total  area 
of  6,500  square  miles  and  a  population 
of  256,180.  From  northeast  to  south- 
west the  islands  are  Niihau.  Kauai, 
Oahu,  Molokai,  Maui,  Lanai,  Kahoo- 
lawe  and  Hawaii,  the  latter  giving  its 
name  to  the  group.  Honolulu,  island 
of  Oahu,  is  the  capital,  the  chief  com- 
mercial city  and  a  tourist  resort. 

The  ocean  voyage  of  more  than  two 
thousand  miles  from  the  mainland  is 
full  of  interest,  occupying  several  days 
in  splendidly  equipped  and  luxurious 
steamers.  The  waters  soon  become 
more  placid,  more  deeply  blue;  the  sky 
is  softer,  the  air  more  balmy,  and  all 
around  prevails  the  sweet  influence  of 
summer  seas,  restful  and  inviting.  Sun- 
rise and  sunset  become  more  brilliant, 
and  the  nights  of  the  full  moon  are 
flooded  with  a  golden  light  that  sug- 
gests fairy  scenes  of  enchantment  on 
the  Isles  beyond.  Rounding  Diamond 
Head,  the  landmark  of  Honolulu  har- 
bor, the  deep  blue  of  the  ocean  shades 


off  with  all  the  lighter  blues,  then  runs 
the  gamut  through  every  shade  of 
green,  until  the  waves  are  seen  break- 
ing in  a  long  line  of  dazzling,  foaming 
surf  on  the  far-famed  beach  of  Wai- 
kiki. 

The  city  of  Honolulu  has  a  popula- 
tion of  75,000  and  differs  but  little 
from  American  cities  in  social  customs, 
manner  of  living,  business  life,  and 
modern  improvements.  Next  to  ideal 
climate  the  visitor  expects  to  find  first- 
class  hotels.  In  this  respect  he  can  be 
accommodated  either  in  the  palatial 
city  hotels  or  in  those  at  the  beach. 
For  those  who  prefer  the  residence  and 
bungalow  types  of  hotels,  there  are 
many  conveniently  situated. 

The  Executive  Building,  formerly 
the  lolani  Palace,  contains  numerous 
interesting  features  reminiscent  of  the 
past  when  the  islands  were  under  na- 
tive control.  In  the  Throne  Room, 
which  is  now  the  Territorial  House  of 
Representatives,  are  hung  portraits  of 
former  kings  and  their  consorts.  The 
royal  Hawaiian  coat-of-arms,  now  the 
Territorial,  together  with  gilded  spears 
and  other  marks  of  olden  days,  may 
still  be  seen  in  the  ornamentation  of  the 
interior. 

Beautiful  parks,  with  their  royal 
palms,  gorgeous  tropical  flowers, 


'     Page    five 


(£)  BY    NEWMAN    TRAVEL  TALKS   AND    BROWN    »    DAWSON     N     Y 

Haleakala — largest  quiescent  volcano  in  the  world 


Page    six 


Waves  of  Lava,  as  seen  by  night 


The  Devil's  Kitchen.  Volcano  of  Kilauea 


View  of  Golf  Course  and  Country  Club,  Honolulu 


strange  trees  and  shrubs,  suggest  a 
fairy-land  to  the  visitor  unaccustomed 
to  such  scenes.  In  the  automobile  tours 
of  Honolulu  and  its  suburbs,  over  the 
admirable  boulevards  and  highways, 
frequently  one  sees  the  scalloped 
branches  of  the  night  blooming  cereus, 
drooping  over  hedges  and  walls.  The 
glory  and  fragrance  of  the  rare  blos- 
soms may  be  enjoyed  only  after  night- 
fall, when  the  great  white  petals  unfold 
to  greet  the  brilliant  stars. 

Waikiki  Beach,  the  sea-side  resort  of  Hono- 
lulu, fronts  directly  on  the  blue  Pacific  and  is 
protected  by  a  great  coral  reef  half  a  mile  or 
more  off  shore.  Against  this  barrier  the 
mighty  rollers  dash  and  rush  headlong  in 
foam-crested  torrents  across  the  lagoon.  A 
daring  and  distinctively  Hawaiian  aquatic 
sport  is  surf-riding.  It  is  most  fascinating 
to  watch  the  men  and  boys  standing  erect 
on  their  surfboards  dashing  shoreward  and 
topping  the  crests  of  the  highest  breakers. 
Surf-riding  in  the  outrigger  canoes  is  an  en- 
joyable sport  and  under  the  guidance  of  skill- 
ful Hawaiian  paddlers  is  safe  but  decidedly 
speedy  and  thrilling.  The  sea  bathing  is  per- 
fect; the  temperature  of  the  water  is  about  78 
degrees  the  year  'round. 

Delightful  railroad  and  motor  trips  of  mod- 
erate length  may  be  enjoyed  from  Honolulu. 
The  automobile  tour  around  the  island  is  par- 
ticularly interesting.  A  panorama  of  ever- 
changing  beauty  is  unfolded — precipitous 
mountains,  foaming  surf,  dense  tropical  vege- 
tation, fields  of  sugar  cane,  pineapple  planta- 
tions and  rice  fields  affording  a  continuous 
variety  of  scene.  The  Pali,  famed  in  story, 


is  at  the  head  of  Nuuanu  Valley,  six  milea 
from  Honolulu.  "Pali"  is  an  Hawaiian  word 
meaning  "cliff,"  and  Nuuanu  Pali  towers 
1,200  feet,  a  precipice  flanked  on  both  sides 
by  mountain  walls  3,500  feet  in  height.  It 
was  in  I  795,  in  the  Nuuanu  Valley,  that  the 
army  of  Oahu  took  its  final  stand  against  the 

invaders  under  Kamehameha  the  Great the 

Napoleon  of  the  South  Seas.  Forced  by 
their  enemies  up  the  valley  toward  the  great 
cliff,  all  that  remained  of  Oahu's  army,  about 
3,000,  were  finally  driven  over  the  cliff  to  de- 
struction on  the  rocks  below. 

Hauula,  on  the  windward  side  of  the  island, 
and  Haleiwa,  on  the  Waialua  Bay,  offer  many 
attractions,  coupled  with  excellent  hotel  ac- 
commodations. 

The  attractions  of  Oahu  are  far  from  ex- 
hausted, but  perhaps  the  visitor  is  ready  to 
view  wonders  of  very  different  character — 
the  volcanoes,  the  ever-living  crater  of 
Kilauea,  and  the  inspiring  Mauna  Loa  and 
Haleakala. 

Kilauea  and  Mauna  Loa 

The  world-famed  active  volcano  of  Kilauea, 
the  marvelous  country  surrounding  it,  and 
the  towering  crater  of  Mauna  Loa,  scarcely 
less  remarkable,  are  situated  on  the  island  of 
Hawaii.  An  overnight  steamer  ride  of  192 
miles  from  Honolulu  brings  one  to  Hilo,  pop- 
ulation 10,000,  the  largest  town  on  Hawaii 
and  the  second  in  size  and  importance  in  the 
islands.  Hilo  is  very  attractive,  has  good 
hotels,  and  is  the  starting  point  for  the  trip  in- 
land to  Kilauea  volcano.  There  is  a  splendid 
harbor  at  Hilo,  protected  by  a  breakwater,  and 
one  of  the  prettiest  spots  is  Cocoanut  Island, 
from  which  a  panoramic  view  of  the  moun- 
tains lies  outstretched.  In  front  is  the  placid 
bay  of  Hilo,  and  on  the  shore  beyond  is  the 


Pag e    seven 


LANAI 


Wahapuu 


O 
Ka.-naiki  Ft* 


C.  Kaea 


KAHOOU 

KealaiUahiki  PjJS 
1 


HAWAII 
NATIONAL  PARK 

HAWAIIAN    ISLANDS 

Scale 


National  Park  Boundaries 

\Railroads 
Roads 


INTER-ISLAND  S.  S.  ROUTES 

The  Short  Scenic  Route 

Kona  Coast 


Page    eight 


Page    nine 


Piihonua  Falls,  near  Hilo.  Island  of  Hawaii 


Pa g  e    ten 


©  BY   NEWMAN  TRAVEL  TALKS  AND  BROWN   ft   DAWSON.  N. Y 

Fiery  Crater  of  Kilauea.  at  night 


city,  almost  hidden  by  luxuriant  tropical  foli- 
age, while  in  the  background  are  seen  the 

two  loftiest  mountains  in  this  ocean at  the 

right,  Mauna  Kea,  snow-hooded at  the  left, 

majestic  Mauna  Loa. 

The  trip  from  Hilo  to  Kilauea  volcano  is  by 
automobile,  a  distance  of  thirty  miles.  From 
Hilo  the  road  gradually  ascends  through  sugar 
cane  and  pineapple  plantations,  to  a  high 
elevation  and  then  plunges  into  a  great  forest 
of  tree  ferns,  whose  fronds  are  thirty  feet 
overhead  and  provide  a  delightful  canopy  for 
many  miles.  At  4,000  feet  elevation  the  tour 
ends  at  Crater  Hotel,  or  a  mile  beyond  at 
Volcano  House  on  the  rim  of  the  crater. 
Here  are  unobstructed  views  of  towering 
snow-capped  mountains  and  the  great  crater, 
Kilauea,  an  enormous  pit  nearly  eight  miles 
in  circumference  and  six  hundred  feet  deep, 
enclosing  an  area  of  2,650  acres.  Filling  the 
floor  of  this  vast  bowl  is  a  sea  of  solidified 
lava,  twisted  and  contorted  into  every  imag- 
inable shape,  with  jets  of  steam,  vapor  and 
sulphurous  fumes  rising  from  innumerable 
crevices  and  cracks.  Almost  at  the  center  is 
the  active  throat  of  the  volcano  itself,  called 
by  the  natives,  Halemaumau,  The  House  of 
Everlasting  Fire.  This  was,  in  Hawaiian 
mythology,  the  home  of  Pele,  the  goddess  of 
fire. 

This  throat  or  inner  pit  is  a  mile  in  cir- 
cumference and  contains  at  all  times  a  raging 
sea  of  molten  lava,  its  white-hot  waves  lash- 
ing and  gnawing  at  the  imprisoning  walls, 
and  its  vast  fountains  of  incandescent  rock 
eternally  flinging  their  fiery  spray  in  air; 
seething  and  roaring  in  awful  grandeur.  The 
molten  sea  rises  and  falls  periodically,  at 
times  even  overflowing  the  rim  of  the  pit  and 
spreading  out  over  the  floor  of  the  main 
crater,  while  red-hot  crags  and  massive 


islands  rise  from  its  depths  to  either  collapse 
in  tumultuous  avalanches  or  subside  gently 
beneath  the  surface  of  the  lava.  The  pit  is 
fascinating  by  daylight,  but  at  night,  when 
the  imprisoned  fires  are  at  their  grandest,  the 
scene  is  enthralling.  It  may  be  witnessed  in 
perfect  safety.  No  accident  has  ever  taken 
place  in  connection  with  its  activities.  The 
Devil's  Kitchen,  the  Picture  Frame,  and  Pele's 
Bathroom  are  among  the  interesting  volcanic 
freak  formations  on  the  main  crater  bed. 
The  U.  S.  Weather  Bureau  maintains  a  vol- 
canic observatory  upon  the  brink  of  the 
crater,  and  visitors  are  welcome  to  inspect 
the  apparatus  installed. 

Kilauea  is  the  center  of  a  district  unex- 
celled in  volcanic  marvels,  and  at  least  a  week 
could  be  devoted  to  its  exploration.  There 
are  many  great  craters  withing  easy  walking 
distance;  interesting  lava  tubes  or  tunnels, 
wonderful  forests  of  ancient  Koa  trees  and 
tree  ferns,  banks  of  live  sulphur,  and  bot- 
tomless fissures  and  earthquake  cracks. 

The  trails  are  well  marked  by  signboards 
and  horses  are  obtainable  for  longer  expedi- 
tions, or  for  the  two-day  trip  to  the  summit 
of  Mauna  Loa,  intermittently  active  and  the 
world's  largest  volcano.  Near  the  top  of  this 
great  mountain,  towering  to  a  height  of 
13,675  feet  above  the  sea,  is  the  crater  of 
Mokuaweoweo,  with  an  area  of  2,370  acres, 
a  circumference  of  9.47  miles,  a  length  of  3.7 
miles,  and  a  width  of  1.74  miles.  This  trip 
is  made  by  horseback,  and  convenient  rest 
houses  are  located  on  the  slope  of  the  moun- 
tain. 

Another  route  to  Kilauea  is  by  steamer 
from  Honolulu  to  Kailua,  1  73  miles,  touching 
at  Mahukona  and  Kawaihae  and  by  automo- 
bile, 1 0 1  miles,  from  Kailua  to  the  volcano. 
The  stops  en  route  afford  opportunities  to 


Page    eleven 


Towering  Mauna  Loa  from  Hilo 

Page   twelve 


Night  View  of  the  Volcano  of  Kilauea 


Tree  Ferns  on  road  to  Kilauea  Volcano 


Cooled  Lava  formation,  on  the  floor  of  a  giant  crater 


visit  scenic  and  historical  parts  of  the  island 
of  Hawaii  in  the  Kona  district,  abounding  in 
coffee,  sugar-cane,  tobacco,  sisal  and  tropical 

fruits such  as  Kealakekua  Bay,  the  Captain 

Cook  Monument,  Napoopoo  and  Honaunau, 
the  site  of  the  famous  Hale  O  Keawe,  the  best 
known  of  Hawaiian  places  of  refuge  and 
temples. 

Of  the  many  side-trips  from  Hilo,  a  ride 
on  the  railway  to  Paauilo  is  most  spectacular. 
Costing  more  than  $100,000  per  mile,  the 
road  crosses  over  two  hundred  streams,  fol- 
lows the  coast  line  north  of  Hilo  and  reveals 
a  bewildering  array  of  gulches  or  canyons, 
between  ancient  lava  flows,  with  wonderful 
foliage  and  waterfalls.  The  adjoining  Puna 
District  shows  the  best  examples  of  native 
life  and  the  largest  cocoanut  grove  on  the 
islands. 

Haleakala 

Another  area  of  the  Hawaii  National  Park 
comprises  the  volcano  of  Haleakala,  situated 
on  the  island  of  Maui.  After  a  few  hours' 
voyage  of  seventy-five  miles  from  Honolulu, 
or  while  en  route  between  Honolulu  and 
Hilo,  the  traveler  lands  at  Lahaina  and  rides 
twenty-three  miles  by  automobile  to  Wailuku, 
a  town  of  3,000  inhabitants,  the  third  in  size 
in  the  islands.  From  Lahaina  to  Wailuku  is 
over  a  road  often  compared  with  the  Amain 
drive  in  Italy.  On  the  left  rises  precipitously 
high  mountains,  while,  just  as  steep,  on  the 
right,  the  road  is  built  200  feet  and  more  over 
the  ocean.  In  full  view  is  the  lofty  crest  of 
Haleakala. 

lao  Valley,  sometimes  called  "The  Yosem- 
ite  of  Hawaii,"  penetrates  the  mountain  mass 
just  back  of  Wailuku,  and  is  perhaps  the  most 
beautiful  valley  in  the  islands.  It  is  five  miles 
long,  two  miles  wide,  and  near  its  head  is 
4,000  feet  deep.  It  is  filled  with  dense 


tropical  growths  of  every  kind.  Through  it 
flows  the  Wailuku  River,  which  received  its 
name  (water  of  blood)  in  1  790  when  Kame- 
hameha  fought  and  conquered  the  King  of 
Maui  in  a  desperate  battle.  There  are  many 
curious  and  interesting  formations  in  the 
rock-ribbed  mountains. 

Haleakala,  the  House  of  the  Sun,  is  the 
largest  quiescent  volcano  in  the  world.  The 
elevation  of  its  summit  is  10,032  feet.  Its 
crater  is  nineteen  square  miles,  or  12,160 
acres;  the  circumference  of  the  rim,  twenty 
miles;  extreme  length,  7.48  miles;  extreme 
width,  2.37  miles.  The  almost  vertical  walls 
drop  half  a  mile  or  more.  It  is  impossible  to 
realize  the  great  area  of  the  crater.  The  whole 
of  New  York  City,  below  Central  Park,  could 
be  buried  within  its  depths,  and  the  highest 
of  that  city's  church  spires  would  be  but  toys 
by  the  side  of  its  cinder  cones;  cones  which 
rise  like  young  mountains  from  the  bottom  of 
the  crater,  and  which  are  relatively  but  fair- 
sized  ant-hills  when  viewed  from  the  sum- 
mit. The  silver  sword,  an  indigenous  plant 
born  of  the  ash  and  scoria  of  the  volcano, 
grows  within  the  crater  and  in  but  one  other 
place  in  the  world.  It  consists  of  a  great 
mass  of  silvery-white,  bristling  sword  shaped 
leaves  resting  upon  the  ground,  from  which 
rises  a  stalk,  strung  with  flowers,  to  the 
height  of  five  or  six  feet. 

On  the  crater's  edge  stands  a  substantial 
rest  house  which  makes  the  night  comfortable 
to  the  visitor.  This  vantage  point  is  above 
the  usual  cloud  elevation.  The  level  rays  of 
the  setting  sun  illuminate  every  nook  and 
corner  of  the  stupendous  crater  and  bring  to 
view  the  outlines  and  delicate  tints  of  the 
majestic  pictures  which  have  been  hung  in 
this  mammoth  gallery,  to  thrill  and  awe  all 
who  look  upon  them. 


Page    thirteen 


Mark  Twain  wrote:  "It  is  the  sublimest 
spectacle  I  ever  witnessed.  I  felt  like  the 
Last  Man,  neglected  of  the  judgment,  and  left 
pinnacled  in  mid-heaven,  a  forgotten  relic  of 
a  vanished  world."  Said  Jack  London:  "For 
natural  beauty  and  wonder  the  nature-lover 
may  see  dissimilar  things  as  great  as  Halea- 
kala,  but  no  greater,  while  he  will  never  see 
elsewhere  anything  more  beautiful  or  won- 
derful." 

The  established  trip  to  Haleakala  includes 
automobile  service  from  Wailuku  to  lao  Val- 
ley and  to  Olinda,  twenty-one  miles,  and 
saddle  horses  and  guide  from  Olinda,  eight 
miles  to  the  summit.  The  round-trip  re- 
quires two  days  and  one  night  from  Wailuku. 
The  visitor  to  Haleakala  who  has  the  time  and 
is  physically  equal  to  spending  three  or  four 
days  in  the  saddle  may  make  the  return  trip 
from  the  summit  over  the  floor  of  the  crater, 
out  through  the  Kaupo  Gap  and  around  the 
windward  side  of  the  island  by  what  is  known 
as  the  "Ditch  Trail,"  passing  through  Alea, 
Hana,  Nahiku  and  Kaenae.  The  "Ditch" 
country  is  a  huge  conservatory. 

Kauai,  the  Garden  Isle 

Kauai,  area  546.9  square  miles,  is  the 
smallest  of  the  four  principal  islands  of  the 
group.  It  is  ninety-eight  miles  from  Hono- 
lulu to  Nawiliwili,  the  harbor  for  Lihue,  two 
miles  distant.  The  island  retains  to  a  great 
degree  its  primitive  beauty.  It  holds  many  at- 
tractions for  tourists,  among  which  are  the 
brilliantly  colored  Waimea  and  Olokele  can- 
yons and  the  bay  and  valley  at  Hanalei. 
Among  other  natural  wonders  are  the  Bark- 
ing Sands  at  Nohili  and  the  Spouting  Horn  at 
Koloa. 

Park   Area 

Kilauea  section  17,290  acres,  Mauna  Loa 
section  37.200  acres,  and  Haleakala  section 
20. 1 75  acres 

Climate 

The  coastal  regions  of  the  Hawaiian 
Islands  have  a  temperature  which  varies  not 
more  than  1 0  degrees  through  the  day,  and 
which  has  an  utmost  range  during  the  year 
between  the  degrees  of  85  and  55.  The 
humidity  is  low.  There  are  no  cyclones,  nor 
hurricanes,  no  foggy  days  and  no  malaria. 
The  cool  invigorating  northeast  trade  winds 
blow  almost  continuously.  In  the  high  alti- 
tudes the  temperature  falls  and  on  the  heights 
of  Haleakala,  Mauna  Loa  and  Mauna  Kea 
the  freezing  point  is  often  reached. 

Sports  and  Amusements 

Among  the  all  year  'round  diversions  are 
swimming,  surf-riding,  game  fishing,  yacht- 
ing, golf,  polo,  baseball,  cricket,  football,  ten- 
nis, motoring,  hunting,  horse-racing,  horse- 
back riding  and  mountain  climbing.  There 
are  splendid  golf  courses  at  the  Country  Club 
of  Honolulu,  at  Moanalua,  at  Schofield  Bar- 
racks and  at  Haleiwa. 

The  Mid-Pacific  Carnival,  many  features  of 
which  are  staged  at  Waikiki  Beach,  is  held 
annually  in  February. 

Celebrating  Kamehameha  Day  the  Terri- 
torial Fair  is  held  annually  in  June,  featuring 


pageants  depicting  ancient  Hawaiian  customs, 
while  during  the  September  Regatta  some  of 
the  world's  champion  swimmers  can  be  seen 
in  action. 

Sight-Seeing  Tours 

Sight-seeing  tours  are  operated  from  Hono- 
lulu to  points  of  interest  throughout  the 
islands.  From  Honolulu  to  Kilauea  Volcano 
and  return,  "all-expense"  tours  of  three  days 
are  priced  at  $34.00  and  $37.00,  six  days  at 
$54.00,  and  nine  days  at  $67.50.  From 
Honolulu  to  Haleakala  Volcano  and  return, 
all  expenses  of  a  two-day  trip  are  about 
$50.00.  Combination  tours  to  both  Halea- 
kala and  Kilauea  Volcanoes,  with  side-trip 
to  Mauna  Loa  Volcano,  are  available. 

The  Hawaii  Tourist  Bureau 

A  fully  equipped  Information  Bureau  is 
maintained  by  the  Hawaii  Tourist  Bureau, 
Alexander  Young  Building,  Bishop  Street, 
Honolulu,  T.  H.  Visitors  to  the  islands  are 
invited  to  make  use  of  this  Bureau. 

Administration 

Hawaii  National  Park  is  under  the  juris- 
diction of  the  Director,  National  Park  Service, 
Department  of  the  Interior,  Washington,  D.  C. 

U.  S.  Government  Publications 

The  following  publication  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  Gov- 
ernment Printing  Office,  Washington,  D.  C., 
at  price  given.  Remittances  should  be  by 
money  order  or  in  cash. 

National    Parks   Portfolio,   by   Robert  Sterling  Yard.   260 
pages.  270  illustrations,  descriptive  of  nine  National 
Pamphlet    edition.    35    cents;     book    edition. 


55  cents 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
free  on  written  application  to  the  Director  of 
the  National  Park  Service,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Glimpses  of  our  National  Parks.     48  pages,  illustrated. 
Map   showing    location    of    National    Parks   and    National 
Monuments,  and  railroad  routes  thereto. 

U.  S.  R.  R.  Administration  Publications 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
free  on  application  to  any  consolidated  ticket 
office;  or  apply  to  the  Bureau  of  Service,  Na- 
tional Parks  and  Monuments,  or  Travel  Bureau 
— Western  Lines,  646  Transportation  Building. 
Chicago,  111. 

Arizona  and  New  Mexico  Rockies 
California  for  the  Tourist 
Colorado  and  Utah  Rockies 
'  Crater  Lake  National  Park.  Oregon 

•  Glacier  National  Park.  Montana 
Grand  Canyon  National  Park.  Arizona 

,  Hawaii  National  Park.  Hawaiian  Islands 

•  Hot  Springs  National  Park.  Arkansas 
1  Mesa  Verde  National  Park.  Colorado 

•  Mount  Rainier  National  Park.  Washington 

Northern  Lakes — Wisconsin.  Minnesota.  Upper  Michigan. 

Iowa,  and   Illinois. 
Pacific  Northwest  and  Alaska 
'  Petrified  Forest  National  Monument.  Arizona 

•  Rocky  Mountain  National  Park,  Colorado 

Sequoia  and  General  Grant  National  Parks,  California 
Yellowstone  National  Park.  Wyoming.  Montana.  Idaho 
Yosemite  National  Park.  California 
Zion  National  Monument.  Utah 


Page  fourteen 


The  National  Parks  at  a  Glance 
United    States     Railroad    Administration 


For  particulars  as  to  fares, 
to  any  of 


Austin  Tex 215  Congress  Ave. 

Beaumont.  Tex..  Orleans  and  Pearl  Sts. 

Bremerton.  Wash 224  Front  St. 

Butte.  Mont 2  N.  Main  St. 

"Chicago.  Ill I  79  W.  Jackson  St. 

Colorado  Springs.  Colo. 

119  E.  Pike's  Peak  Ave. 

Dallas.  Tex 1 12-1 14  Field  St. 

Denver.  Colo 601   17th  St. 

Des  Moines.  Iowa 403  Walnut  St. 

Duluth.  Minn 334  W.  Superior  St. 

El  Paso.  Tex.  .  .  .Mills  and  Oregon  Sts. 

Ft.  Worth.  Tex 702  Houston  St. 

Fresno.  Cal J  and  Fresno  Sts. 

Galveston.  Tex.  .21st  and  Market  Sts. 

Helena.  Mont 58  S.  Main  St. 

Houston.  Tex 904  Texas  Ave. 

Kansas  City.  Mo. 

.    |  Ry.  Ex.  Bldg..  7th  and  Walnut  Sts. 


Annapolis,  Md 54  Maryland  Ave. 

Atlantic  City.  N.  J. .  .  1301  Pacific  Ave. 
Baltimore.  Md. .  .  .  B.  &  O.  R.  R.  Bldg. 

Boston.  Mass 67  Franklin  St. 

Brooklyn.  N.  Y 336  Fulton  St. 

Buffalo.  N.  Y..  Main  and  Division  Sts. 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  .  .  .6th  and  Main  Sts. 
Cleveland.  Ohio ....  1 004  Prospect  Ave. 

Columbus.  Ohio 70  East  Gay  St. 

Dayton.  Ohio 19  S.  Ludlow  St. 


Director  General  of  Railroads 

train  schedules,   etc.,  apply  to   any  Railroad  Ticket  Agent,   or 
the  following   Consolidated  Ticket  Offices. 

West 


Asheville.  N.  C 

Atlanta.  Ga 

Augusta,  Ga 

Birmingham.  Ala. .  . 

Charleston.  S.  C 

Charlotte.  N.  C 

Chattanooga.  Tenn . 

Columbia.  S.C 

Jacksonville.  Fla .  .  . 
Knoxville.Tenn  .  .  .  . 


Lincoln.  Neb I04N.  13th  St. 

Little  Rock.  Ark 202  W.  2d  St. 

Long  Beach.  Cal.  .L.  A.  &  S.  L.  Station 

Los  Angeles.  Cal 221  S.  Broadway 

Milwaukee.  Wis 99  Wisconsin  St. 

Minneapolis.  Minn.,202  Sixth  St.  South 
Oakland.  Cal. .  .  13th  St.  and  Broadway 
Ocean  Park.  Cal..  Pacific  Elec.  Station 
Oklahoma  City.  Okla. 

131  W.  Grand  Ave. 

Omaha.  Neb 1416  Dodge  St. 

Peoria.  111.  .  .Jefferson  and  Liberty  Sts. 
Phoenix.  Ariz. 

Adams  St.  and  Central  Ave. 
Portland,  Ore..  3d  and  Washington  Sts. 

Pueblo.  Colo 401-3  N.  Union  Ave. 

St.  Joseph.  Mo 505  Francis  St. 

St.  Louis,  Mo..  3  1 8-328  North  Broadway 
St.  Paul.  Minn.  .  .4th  and  Jackson  Sts. 

East 

Detroit.  Mich ...  13  W.  LaFayette  Ave. 
Evansville.  Ind.  .  .  L.  &  N.  R.  R.  Bldg. 

Grand  Rapids.  Mich 125  Pearl  St. 

Indianapolis.  Ind..  1 12-14  English  Block 

Montreal.  Que 238  St.  James  St. 

Newark,  N.  J..  Clinton  and  Beaver  Sts. 

New  York.  N.  Y 64  Broadway 

New  York.  N.  Y 57  Chambers  St. 

New  York.  N.  Y 31  W.  32  St. 

New  York.  N.  Y I  14  W.  42d  St. 

South 


Sacramento.  Cal 801  K  St. 

Salt  Lake  City.  Utah 

Main  and  S.  Temple  Sts. 
San  Antonio,  Texas 

315-17  N.  St.  Mary'.  St. 

San  Diego.  Cal 300  Broadway 

San  Francisco.  Cal 50  Post  St. 

San  Jose.  Cal..  1st  and  San  Fernando  Sts. 

Seattle.  Wash 714-16  2d  Ave. 

Shreveport.  La..Milam  and  Market  Sts. 

Sioux  City.  Iowa 510  4th  St. 

Spokane.  Wash. 

Davenport  Hotel.  815  Sprague  Ave. 
Tacoma.  Wash. ...  I  I  17-19  Pacific  Ave. 
Waco,  Texas.  .  .  ,6th  and  Franklin  Sts. 

Whittier.  Cal L.  A.  &  S.  L.  Station 

Winnipeg.  Man 226  Portage  Ave. 


Philadelphia.  Pa..  .  .  1539  Chestnut  St. 

Pittsburgh.  Pa Arcade  Building 

Reading.  Pa !6xR  Fifth  St. 

Rochester.  N.  Y 20  State  St. 

355  So.  Warren  St. 

.320  Madison  Ave. 
.1229FSt.  N.  W. 


Syracuse.  N.  Y. . 


oyracus* 
Toledo.  Ohio. 
Washington.  D.  C. 
Williamsport.   Pa. 
Wilmington.  Del .  . 


.4th  and   Pine  Sts. 
.  .  .905  Market  St. 


14  S.  Polk  Square     Lexington    Ky Union  Station  '  Paducah.  Kv .  .  .  . 

-    '"  y  Pensacola.  Fla San  Carlos  Hotel 


.  74  Peachtree  St. 
....811  Broad  St. 

2010  1st  Ave. 

.  Charleston  Hotel 

.  .  22  S.  Tryon  St. 

..817  Market  St. 

.  Arcade  Building 
.  ..38  W.  Bay  St. 
.600  Gay  St. 


.430  Broadway 
Louisville,  Ky  ....  4th  and  Market  Sts. 

Lynchburg.  Va 722  Main  St. 

Memphis.  Tenn 60  N.  Main  St. 

Mobile.  Ala 51  S.  Royal  St. 

Montgomery  Ala Exchange  Hotel 

Nashvile.Ten..  Independent  Life  Bldg. 

NewOrleans.La St.  Charles  Hotel 

Norfolk  Va Monticello  Hotel 

For  detailed  information  regarding  National  Parks  and  Monuments  address  Bureau  of 
-Service,  National  Parks  and  Monuments,  or  Travel  Bureau — Western  Lines,  646  Transportation 
Bldg..  Chicago.  

SEASON     1919  RATHBUN-CRANT-HELLER  CO..   CHICAGO  Page       fifteen 


Raleigh.  N.  C 305  LaFayette  St. 

Richmond.  Va 830  E.  Main  St . 

Savannah.  Ga 37  Bull  St. 

Sheffield.  Ala Sheffield  Hotel 

Tampa.  Fla Hillsboro  Hotel 

Vicksburg.  Miss.  .  1319  Washington  St. 
Winston-Salem.  N.  C.  .236N.  Main  St. 


LKS  AND   BROWN    ft    DAWSOI 


By  moonlight  in  an  outrigger  off  Hawaiian  shores 


1 


IHMHtKIIW  •tlUtlllltill 


m«t,,,,r,,,«,,.« 


ilililiiiiiiliiiiiliiyjjj  iiiiull' '     I    I     '  il!  It  '"I  II  If   1     !  I  ill  'I  M  Ml!  I!  ill 

=^=ggJJgg^i!Jl«!«ggJ^^  >.... ...M............ 


HOT  SPRINGS 

National   Park 


UNITED  STATES  RAILROAD  ADMINISTRATION 

SERIES 


' 


Page      two 


An  Appreciation  of 

Hot  Springs  National  Park,  Arkansas 

By  OPIE  READ,  Author  of  "A  Kentucky  Colonel,"  "The  Jucklins,"  etc. 

Written  Especially  for  the  United  States  Railroad  Administration 

RT  is  the  mistress  of  many  tricks.  Her  highest  function  is 
to  cajole  nature,  to  help  nature  to  deceive  herself;  and 
while  art  may  not  offer  to  nature  a  new  canvas,  yet  she  can 
assist  our  common  mother  in  the  accent  of  color,  in 
grouping,  in  assembling  in  a  comparatively  small  area  all  the  varied 
and  startling  features  of  a  mighty  landscape.  Architecture  was  the 
great  material  art  of  the  Greeks;  landscape  gardening,  park-making 
a  fine  art  in  modern  Europe  and  new  America.  Park-making  is  a 
painting  broadly  spread,  the  canvas  depressed  here  into  a  valley,  while 
over  there  it  arises  to  the  height  of  a  graceful  hill.  With  pardonable 
pride  America  may  call  the  attention  of  the  world  to  a  number  of 
national  park  paintings.  Tourists  have  written  of  them,  and  have 
snapped  the  camera  upon  every  feature  of  their  varied  countenances. 
We  all  of  us  have  our  favorites.  Some  of  us  cling  with  a  sort  of  awed 
fondness  to  the  great  unrolling  vistas  of  the  West,  contemplating  the 
poetry  that  lies  in  mysterious  distance.  Of  these  mighty  regions 
called  parks  I  stand  in  awe,  as  one  must  while  looking  upon  a  moun- 
tain, a  cacti-bristling  desert;  but  to  me  the  gem  of  all  the  parks  is  the 
government  reservation  at  Hot  Springs,  Arkansas.  This  may  be 
sentiment,  the  reverie  that  steals  upon  us  when  in  a  picture  gallery  we 
view  a  scene  endeared  with  recollection;  but  strangers  have  told  me 
that  this  admiration  comes  not  only  from  the  treasured  memories  of 
the  long  ago,  but  that  national  Hot  Springs  is  possessed  of  a  charm 
all  its  own.  And  I  know  that  this  is  true.  Nowhere  are  mountains 
more  graceful.  Nowhere  is  there  a  mist  so  silvery,  flashing  in  the  rise 

Page     three 


of  the  sun.  You  have  the  feeling  that  you  stand  in  the  presence  of  a 
deep  mystery,  that  theories  have  been  advanced  but  that  after  all  no  one 
knows  the  source  and  the  cause  of  the  heat  that  boils  this  mighty 
cauldron. 

Long  before  Cortez  frightened  the  Aztecs,  not  with  his  bellowing 
cannon  but  with  his  neighing  horses;  long  before  Columbus  ruddered 
his  way  to  America  ;  yea,  while  the  Crusaders  were  marching  toward  the 
holy  Tomb,  ah,  before  the  mud  wall  of  the  village  of  Rome  was  dry, 
the  North  American  Indians  traveled  hundreds  of  miles  to  Hot  Springs, 
the  fountain  of  youth,  to  sit  in  wise  council  and  to  regain  their  health. 
In  this  broad  domain  there  are  other  hot  waters,  just  as  there  are  varied 
waters  that  are  cold;  but  the  Hot  Springs,  Arkansas,  seem  to  be  the 
original,  smiling  upon  all  others  the  blithe  ban  of  imitation.  The 
difference  is  a  mystery,  and  in  this  there  lies  an  added  charm. 

The  city  of  Hot  Springs,  bordered  and  overlooked  by  the  mountain 
park,  is  near  the  center  of  population.  It  is  within  a  few  hours  of  the 
great  cities  of  the  interior.  And  though  the  distance  be  short,  it  is 
like  going  into  another  world.  There  is  no  rawness,  but  all  has  been 
mellowed  by  time.  With  the  Indians  it  is  ancient;  with  us  it  is  old. 
Sixty  miles  away,  in  Little  Rock,  the  capital  of  the  state,  they  are 
preparing  to  celebrate  the  one-hundredth  anniversary  of  the  leading 
morning  newspaper  of  the  state. 

For  more  than  a  century  people  of  the  South  have  gone  to  Hot  Springs 
for  pleasure  and  for  recuperation,  but  it  is  only  within  short  memory 
that  the  North  has  recognized  it  as  a  feature  of  national  attraction. 
This  has  been  brought  about  by  the  artistic  landscape  painting  done 
by  the  Government.  Artists  of  world-wide  fame  have  given  to  the  park 
the  creative  touch  of  art.  But  as  much  as  art  has  done,  nature  has 
done  more.  Nature  threw  herself  into  voluptuous  attitudes  and 
stillness  caught  her. 


Page     four 


^£~C  A«> 


P  &  &9     five 


To  the  American  People: 

Uncle  Sam  asks  you  to  be  his  guest.  He  has  prepared  for  you  the 
choice  places  of  this  continent — places  of  grandeur,  beauty  and  of 
wonder.  He  has  built  roads  through  the  deep-cut  canyons  and  beside 
happy  streams,  which  will  carry  you  into  these  places  in  comfort,  and 
has  provided  lodgings  and  food  in  the  most  distant  and  inaccessible 
places  that  you  might  enjoy  yourself  and  realize  as  little  as  possible 
the  rigors  of  the  pioneer  traveler's  life.  These  are  for  you.  They  are 
the  playgrounds  of  the  people.  To  see  them  is  to  make  more  hearty 
your  affection  and  admiration  for  America. 


Secretary  of  the  Interior 


Hot  Springs  National  Park 


OT  SPRINGS,  Arkansas  — 
The  great  American  Spa — a 
jumble  of  happy  memories 
for  the  man  who  has  been 
there — a  medley  of  pleasant 
anticipations  for  the  man  who  is  planning 
to  go!  For  Hot  Springs  is  a  potpourri 
of  waters,  waters,  outdoor  sports,  social 
gayeties,  invigorating  air,  wooded  moun- 
tains, green  valleys  and  more  waters. 

Poets  of  all  ages  have  celebrated  the 
purity  of  springs.  There  was  an  ancient 
spring  on-  Mount  Parnassus  sacred  to  the 
Muses  and  to  Apollo,  to  drink  from 
which  was  to  become  imbued  with  the 
spirit  of  poesy.  In  later  times  there  have 
been,  in  many  lands,  wells  or  springs 
sacred  to  certain  saints.  And  through 
all  time  has  run  a  legend  of  a  fountain  of 
youth,  the  waters  of  which  had  potency 
to  stave  off  both  age  and  death.  There 
have  always  been  waters  to  which  men 
and  women  repaired  to  recuperate  from 
the  strain  of  living,  and  these  places 
have  invariably  become  the  resorts  of 
fashion. 

Page      six 


All  Rome  that  was  rich  or  famous  went 
in  the  season  to  Baiae  on  the  Bay  of 
Naples,  where  were  warm  mineral  springs 
celebrated  for  their  effectiveness  in  over- 
coming the  consequences  of  the  strenuous 
life  in  the  Eternal  City.  The  history  of 
springs  of  this  kind  is  well  known.  Every 
country  has  them.  And  all  down  the 
ages  comes  testimony  that  the  waters 
gushing  from  the  bosom  of  Mother  Earth 
are  efficacious  in  relieving  the  ills  to 
which  the  flesh  is  heir. 

But  of  all  the  world's  beneficent  waters 
there  are  none  to  compare  with  the  Hot 
Springs  of  Arkansas.  "Their  fame  has 
filled  the  seven  climes."  They  are  abso- 
lutely unparalleled  in  hygienic  qualities. 
The  testimony  to  their  curative  and  re- 
storative powers  is  overwhelming  both 
in  extent  and  character. 

And,  best  of  all,  these  American  springs 
differ  from  the  Roman  springs  in  that 
they  are  the  mecca  not  only  of  the  rich 
and  famous,  but  of  the  countless  thous- 
ands of  everyday  citizens  of  this  and 
foreign  countries. 


Government  possession  has  made  them 
a  universal  institution. 

Our  First  National  Park 

In  1832  Congress,  appreciating  the 
unusual  value  of  these  waters,  set  apart 
a  reservation  comprising  four  sections  of 
land  surrounding  the  springs  and  dedicat- 
ed it  as  a  national  sanitarium  for  all  time. 
It  was  our  first  National  Park. 

Before  that  time  the  healing  quality  of 
the  hot  water  is  thought  to  have  been  an 
open  secret  among  the  hardy  pioneers 
who  had  ventured  beyond  the  narrow 
confines  of  eastern  civilization.  In  their 
intercourse  with  the  Indians  many  mar- 
velous tales  were  doubtless  borne  to  their 
ears.  The  hot  wells  of  the  Ozarks  figured 
prominently  in  the  traditional  history  of 
many  of  the  mid-continent  tribes,  and  it 
is  probable  that  not  a  few  of  the  early 
explorers  to  whom  these  stories  of  won- 
derful cures  were  passed,  visited  the  valley 
to  confirm  them.  But  there  are  no  positive 
historical  data  fixing  the  date  and  giving 
the  name  of  the  first  white  discoverer. 
Legends  have  it  that  it  was  the  fame  of 
these  hot  pools  which  first  prompted 


•w: 


Ponce  de  Leon  to  embark  upon  his 
romantic  search  for  the  fountain  of  eternal 
youth.  Other  and  more  plausible  legends 
indicate  a  visit  to  the  spot  by  De  Soto  in 
1  541 ,  and  it  is  not  unlikely  that,  later  on, 
many  other  white  men  were  led  to  the 
valley  by  their  red  brothers  and  provided 
with  abundant  evidence  of  the  Super- 
natural Presence  to  which  were  ascribed 
the  curative  properties  of  these  waters. 

But  our  only  authentic  evidence  of 
white  visitors  at  the  springs  dates  back 
no  farther  than  the  year  1800.  Two  of 
Lewis  and  Clark's  explorers,  branching 
out  from  the  main  trail  of  that  expedition, 
visited  the  place  in  1804  and  found  a  log 
cabin  and  a  few  huts  which  had  been 
the  work  of  white  men's  hands.  Two  or 
three  years  later  a  few  scattered  settlers 
followed  the  trail  thus  blazed.  And  from 
that  time  the  reputation  of  the  springs 
began  to  spread,  each  year  adding  to 
their  fame. 

None  of  these  early  beneficiaries  of  the 
waters  undertsood  the  chemical  processes 
by  which  their  health-giving  miracles 
were  performed.  All  that  the  Indians 


There  are  forty-six  thermal  springs  like  this  welling  up  from  mysterious  depths,  with  an  aggregate  flow  of  826.308  gallons 

every  day. 

Page      seven 


A  Hot  Springs  Bathhouse.     One  of  the  many  in  which  Uncle  Sam  acts  as  host  and  provides  every  facility  for  the  comfort 

of  his  guests. 


knew,  all  that  the  explorers  and  pioneers 
knew,  was  that  the  baths  accomplished 
their  rejuvenation,  and  that  they  quieted 
their  aches  and  pains.  The  higher 
civilization  which  followed  them  gained 
a  little  in  knowledge  of  the  water  and  its 
application,  but  our  Congress  of  1832 
knew  nothing  of  radio-activity  and  even 
our  super-minds  of  today  have  not  fully 
fathomed  the  mystery. 

The  City  and  Its  Visitors 

Hot  Springs  National  Park — adminis- 
tered by  the  National  Park  Service  of  the 
Department  of  the  Interior  —  is  situated 
in  the  Southwestern  part  of  the  state  of 
Arkansas,  in  the  wild  and  picturesque 
Ozark  Mountain  region,  34  miles  from 
Benton  and  60  miles  from  Little  Rock, 
the  capital  of  the  state. 

The  waters  that  give  the  place  its 
name,  gush  from  the  bases  of  the  wooded 
mountains  that  comprise  the  Park,  and 
in  the  valley  is  a  beautiful  city,  which 
nestles  against  gigantic  hills  and  then 
spreads  out  upon  a  pleasant,  broad  plain. 
The  cool  mountain  breezes  blow  through 

Page      eight 


this  valley  in  the  summer  time,  and  in 
the  winter  it  is  protected  by  the  peaks 
that  rim  its  basin.  Nature  is  here  in  an 
entrancing  mood.  The  Ozarks  stand 
guard  over  the  valley  and  the  busy  town, 
in  the  splendor  of  their  changing  foliages. 

As  a  result  Hot  Springs  is  not  only  a 
world  wide  health  resort,  but  an  inter- 
national pleasure  resort,  one  of  the  most 
popular  in  the  world.  It  is  the  great 
American  Spa  in  the  larger  sense  of  the 
term,  and,  as  such,  it  is  more  a  pleasure 
resort  than  a  health  resort.  Here  are 
neat  resort  hotels  and  magnificent  bath 
houses;  wooded  driveways  and  winding 
bridle  paths;  golf  courses,  speedways  and 
all  the  other  attractions  of  a  center  of 
sport  and  fashion.  Indeed,  if  the  great 
Alchemist  of  the  Ozarks  were  to  close 
His  favorite  laboratory;  if  He  were  to 
upturn  His  mysterious  crucible  and 
destroy  the  radium,  the  silicon  and  all 
those  elements  used  in  compounding  His 
health-restoring  waters;  if  these  waters 
were  blotted  entirely  from  the  face  of  the 
earth,  the  city  of  Hot  Springs,  because  of 
the  tonic  in  the  air,  the  mild  winter 


climate  and  the  dry  summer  climate,  the 
glorious  green  hills  and  the  pleasant 
meandering  valleys,  would  continue  to  be 
a  favored  spot  for  rest  and  recreation. 

At  the  hotels  in  the  season  from  Jan- 
uary until  May — though,  indeed,  lately 
the  season  tends  to  be  an  all-year  matter 
— one  may  find  the  smartest  company 
imaginable.  The  guests  come  from  every- 
where. They  are  people  of  mark — 
leaders  of  fashion  and  of  sport;  political 
leaders  and  statesmen;  overworked  bus- 
iness men,  actors,  authors,  clergymen — 
all  well  known  in  their  spheres.  The  scene 
is  one  of  animation.  The  lobbies  are  a 
buzz  and  swirl.  There  is  an  intoxicating 
blend  of  chatter  and  laughter.  There  is 
music  and  dancing.  And  out  of  the 
hotels  these  people  swarm  into  Central 
Avenue,  recalling  a  parade  on  Fifth 
Avenue,  New  York,  or  Michigan  Avenue 
in  Chicago.  In  the  dining  rooms  and 
lounges  there  is  the  evening  atmosphere 
of  the  metropolitan  hotels.  Time  passes 
gaily.  Fashion  flourishes.  This  life 
overshadows  the  life  of  the  many  who 


come  to  conserve  or  to  regain  their  health. 
It  is  intensely  cosmopolitan,  and  the 
people  who  make  it  up  are  all  to  be  found 
in  the  social  register. 

More  and  more  is  Hot  Springs  becom- 
ing a  place  of  recuperation  for  tired 
business  men  and  women.  Thousands 
break  away  from  the  rush  and  grind  for 
a  week  or  ten  days  of  rest  and  a  few  of 
these  amazingly  restorative  baths,  in 
order  to  go  back  to  new  achievements 
with  new  force  and  vigor. 

The  Mountains  and  Springs 

The  Park  comprises  more  than  900 
acres  including  Hot  Springs  mountain, 
North  Mountain,  West  Mountain  and 
Whittington  Lake  Park.  It  contains 
forty-six  thermal  springs,  which  have  an 
average  aggregate  flow  of  826,308  gallons 
daily,  and  range  in  temperature  from  1 02 
to  147  degrees. 

The  mountains  of  the  Park  rise  about 
800  feet  above  the  city.  Millions  of 
dollars  have  been  expended  by  the 
Government  in  hewing  out  roadways, 


A  wooded  retreat  on  the  mountain.     Many  quiet  spots  like  this  are  to  be  found  within  little  more  than  a  stone's  throw 

from  the  business  center  of  the  city. 

Page     nine 


Part  of  the  shopping  district — a  single  row  of  buildings,   back  of  which   West   Mountain  raises  a  forest-bristling  head. 


trails  and  walks,  that  wind  around  the 
mountains.  At  every  curve  is  some  new 
natural  picture.  The  vistas  are  mag- 
nificent. The  play  of  light  and  shade 
presents  ever  new  combinations  of  colors. 
In  the  forests  are  open  places  beautified 
by  means  of  landscape  gardening  and 
pavilions  for  rest  and  shelter. 

Fifteen  miles  of  Government-built 
drives  and  walks  make  these  mountains 
easy  to  climb.  From  the  great  tower  on 
the  forested  heights  one  looks  down  upon 
the  city  and  into  the  distance  where 
stretch  -farms,  dappled  with  sun  and 
shade. 

For  other  wild  beauty  there  is  nothing 
that  surpasses  the  drive  through  the 
gorge  between  North  and  South  Moun- 
tains. It  is  a  diverting  experience  to  go 
through  this  gigantic  cleft  and  observe 
the  evidences  everywhere  of  the  tre- 
mendous past  when  first  great  cataclysms 
tore  the  huge  hills  asunder. 

In  the  wilderness  you  come  upon 
patches  of  smooth  velvety  green  contrast- 
ing with  the  jagged  cliff  sides  and  the 

Page     ten 


titanic  debris  of  shattered  strata,  dozens 
of  feet  thick,  which  mark  the  road  for 
quite  a  distance. 

Bathing  Not  Only  Healthful  But 
Delightful 

Bathing  in  the  water  of  Hot  Springs  is 
an  experience  not  to  be  forgotten.  It 
has  an  effect  as  of  marvelous  resiliency, 
as  if  it  were  more  solid  than  water,  yet 
delightfully  yielding.  The  testimony  of 
those  who  have  used  this  water  is  that  in 
contact  with  the  body  it  gives  a  decided 
impression  of  what  seems  to  be  best 
described  as  magnetism. 

Within  recent  years  radium  has  become 
known  as  a  powerful  healing  agent. 
Many  cases  formerly  considered  hopeless- 
ly incurable  have  yielded  readily  to  its 
activity,  but  because  of  its  unlimited 
energy  its  use  has  been  confined  alto- 
gether to  local  applications.  No  method 
has  ever  been  devised  by  man  whereby 
radium  may  be  applied  to  all  parts  of  a 
disordered  body  at  the  same  time. 
Scarcity  and  appalling  cost  have  made 
experiments  along  that  line  impossible. 


But  Nature,  though  carefully  guarding 
her  secret,  has  solved  the  problem  at 
Hot  Springs.  The  waters  are  radio- 
active, and  by  means  of  the  bath  every 
rheumatic  joint,  every  sealed-up  pore  of 
the  skin  may  be  not  only  reached  and 
cleansed  of  impurities,  but  renewed  under 
the  influence  of  that  brain-baffling  cur- 
ative which  we  call  radio-activity. 

The  waters  have  been  carefully  ana- 
lyzed and  the  consensus  of  opinion  is  that 
they  contain  much  free  carbonic  acid  gas, 
a  combination  of  hydrogen  and  silicon 
and  several  other  constitutents  of  less 
importance. 

Their  natural  warmth,  which  would 
make  any  other  water  in  the  world  un- 
palatable, does  not  affect  the  water  here, 
its  composites  entirely  overcoming  such 
a  tendency.  People  drink  it  and,  when 
its  temperature  has  been  reduced  to  suit 
the  requirements  of  each  individual  case, 
people  bathe  in  it  and  go  away  rejoicing. 
Its  efficacy  is  best  judged  by  statistics, 
for  according  to  figures  painstakingly 
compiled,  more  than  ninety  per  cent  of 


those  who  have  taken  a  full  course  of 
baths  have  been  either  cured  or  benefited 
by  them. 

In  addition  to  the  hot  springs  there  are 
many  cold  springs  in  and  about  the  city. 
It  is  seldom  that  Nature  blows  hot  and 
cold  at  the  same  time;  but  here,  in  this 
favored  spot,  one  doesn't  have  to  go  far 
to  see  this  curious  phenomenon,  some  of 
the  cold  springs  being  found  in  close 
proximity  to  the  hot.  Many  of  these 
have  mineral  properties — solutions  of 
magnesia,  iron,  potash  and  sulphur — 
which  physicians  often  prescribe  for  sys- 
temic disorders;  others  are  known  solely 
for  their  pure,  fresh  water  whose  purity 
is  superlative.  The  waters  of  these  are 
bottled  and,  in  some  instances,  shipped 
to  distant  cities. 

It  is  over  the  bath-houses  that  the 
National  Park  Service  exercises  the  most 
rigid  control.  The  condition  and  appoint- 
ments of  each  bath-house  are  inspected 
regularly  by  Government  officials.  Every- 
thing must  appear  as  represented  and 
everything  must  be  clean  and  sanitary. 


Progress  of  Hot  Springs  has  been  marked  by  the  growth  and  character  of  the  bath  house.     First  the  oak-shaded  temple  of 

the  Indian;  then  the  cabin  of  the  pioneer,  and  finally,  through  various  stages  of  development. 

the  stone  and  granite  structure  of  modern  civilization. 

Page     eleven 


BUILDINGS 
.      COMFORT  STATIONS 
•      PAVILIONS 
=  ROADS 
TRAILS 

—  ELECTRIC  STREET  CAB    LINES 

—  RAILROAD 

SCALE   OF   FEET 


Page     twelve 


LEGEND 

The  numbers  in  this  list  refer  to  the  number* 
on  the  map: 

1.  Superintendent's  office. 

2.  Lamar  bathhouse. 

3.  Buckstaff  baths. 

4.  Ozark  bathhouse. 

5.  Magnesia  bathhouse. 

6.  Government  free  bathhouse. 

7.  Fordyce  bathhouse. 

8.  Main  entrance  to  reservation. 

9.  Maurice  bathhouse. 

10.  Hale  bathhouse. 

11.  Superior  bathhouse. 

12.  Arlington  Hotel  and  baths. 

13.  Superintendent's  residonrr  (old). 

14.  Rockafellow  Hotel  and  baths. 

15.  Majestic  Hotel  and  baths. 

16.  St.  Joseph's  Infirmary  and  baths. 

17.  Whittington  Lake  Park. 

18.  Keeper's  residence. 

19.  First  Presbyterian  Church. 

20.  Catholic  Church. 

21.  Rector  bathhouse  and  Waukcsha  Hotel. 

22.  Milwaukee  Hotel. 

23.  Pullman  Hotel. 

24.  Arkansas  National  Bank. 

25.  Masonic  Temple. 

26.  First  Baptist  Church. 

27.  Leo    N.    Levi    Memorial     Hospital     and 

bathhouse. 

28.  Goddard  Hotel. 

29.  Alhambra  bathhouse. 

30.  Moody  Hotel  and  baths. 

31.  Court  House. 

32.  Como  Hotel. 

33.  Central  Methodist  Church. 

34.  High  School  Building. 

35.  Ozark  Sanitorium  bathhouse. 

36.  Railroad  Station. 

37.  Railroad  Station. 

38.  City  Hall  and  Auditorium  Theatre. 

39.  Business  Men's  League. 

40.  Post  Office. 

41.  Great  Northern  Hotel. 

42.  Citizens'  National  Bank. 

43.  Marquette  Hotel. 

44.  Arkansas  Trust  Company. 

45.  Security  Bank. 

46.  Eastman  Hotel  and  baths. 

47.  Elks'  Club. 

48.  Episcopal  Church. 

49.  Superintendent's  residence  (new). 

50.  Imperial  bathhouse. 

51.  Pump    house    (pumps    water    to   drinking 

fountains    at    summit    of    Hot    Springs 
Mountain). 

52.  Tower. 

53.  Iron  Spring  (cold). 

54.  Dugan-Stuart  Building. 

55.  Thompson  Building. 

North,  West,  and  Hot  Springs  Mountains 
and  Whittington  Lake  Park  form  the  per- 
manent Hot  Springs  Reservation,  administered 
by  the  National  Park  Service  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  the  Interior. 


Page     thirteen 


When  Uncle  Sam  acts  as  host,  there  must 
be  nothing  to  mar  the  pleasure  of  his 
guests.  On  another  page  of  this  booklet 
will  be  found  a  list  of  bath-houses  giving 
the  rates  of  each.  These  rates  are  regu- 
lated by  the  Government  and  vary  ac- 
cording to  the  equipment  and  accommo- 
dations furnished.  On  Bath  House  Row, 
the  noted  Midway  of  the  place,  there  are 
ten  bath-houses  covering  a  space  of  about 
three  blocks.  Besides  these,  there  are 
other  bath-houses  in  various  parts  of  the 
city,  some  of  which  are  operated  in  con- 
nection with  the  hotels.  All  use  the 
same  water  and  are  under  the  same  official 
supervision.  There  is  also  a  Government 
free  bath-house  for  those  who  are  unable 
to  pay  for  the  service,  and  in  connection 
with  the  Army  and  Navy  Hospital  a 
bath-house  is  maintained  for  the  benefit 
of  our  disabled  soldier  and  sailor  boys. 

Although  the  cures  effected  are  some- 
times almost  miraculous,  there  is  nothing 
extraordinary  in  the  method  of  adminis- 
tering the  bath.  Equipment  and  appli- 
ances are  better  than  are  to  be  found  in 
the  average  home.  The  tubs  are  large, 


the  attendants  attentive.  There  are 
needle  baths  and  vapor  baths  for  those 
who  desire  them,  but  the  main  object  is 
a  thorough  immersion  in  the  hot  radio- 
active water  in  the  tub. 

When   the  bath   has   been   taken,    the 
patron  proceeds  from  the  high  tempera- 
ture of  the  first  cooling  room  to  the  almost 
normal  temperature  of  the  last,  tarryin} 
in  each  of  the  intermediate  cooling  rooi 
long   enough    to   avoid   sudden   chani 
Finally  comes  the  after-glow  of  the  bal 
as  he  lies  luxuriously   upon  one  of   tl 
cooling  room  couches,   conversing  lazib 
with  his  fellow-patrons  or  simply  resting. 
Truly,    to   bathe   in   the   waters   of   Hot 
Springs  is  to  feel  the  hand  of  Nature  ii 
one  of  her  most  helpful  moods — gentl< 
caressing,     touching     the    body    lighth 
and  without  inflicting  the  slightest  paii 

The  Many  Hotels 

One  hotel  in  Hot  Springs — the  East- 
man— can  care  for  a  thousand  guests. 
Two  others — the  Majestic  and  the  Arling- 
ton— have  a  capacity  of  500  each.  The 
Como  and  the  Goddard  have  accom- 
modations for  250  to  300,  and  a  score  of 
others  can  entertain  from  25  to  125  each. 
In  addition  there  are  500  boarding  and 
rooming  houses,  furnished  cottages  and 


Hot  Springs  not  only  provides  facilities  for  play,  but  creates  a  desire  to  play.    The  prospect  of  a  crystal-water  bath  at  the 

end  of  the  game  lends  an  added  zest  to  golf. 

Page     fourteen 


•i"1!.    ll'.«" 

EMU?' 

"V    - 


The  "Sport  of  Kings"  is  a  favorite  pastime  at  Hot  Springs,  and  here  many  interesting  chapters  of  racing 

history  have  been  written. 


apartments.  The  Business  Men's  League 
of  Hot  Springs,  Arkansas,  is  an  enter- 
prising and  reliable  civic  organization 
available  for  the  purpose  of  assisting 
visitors  in  locating  quarters  to  suit  their 
purses.  This  service  is  free. 

How  the  Visitor  "Comes  Back" 

The  spirit  of  Hot  Springs  creeps  into  the 
veins  of  the  newcomer  unawares.  The  average 
visitor  enters  the  valley  fagged  out  mentally 
and  physically.  He  is  the  victim  of  too  much 
applied  energy  in  one  direction,  and  a  sense 
of  relief,  of  freedom  from  care,  steals  over  him 
as  he  establishes  himself  in  his  commodious 
quarters  and  prepares  for  a  good  rest.  When 
he  enters  upon  his  course  of  baths,  his  business 
or  domestic  problems,  though  pigeonholed 
somewhere  in  the  back  of  his  head,  have  not 
been  entirely  forgotten.  For  the  first  few  days 
he  lies  upon  his  cooling- room  couch,  his  body 
relaxed,  his  eyes  closed,  his  ears  deaf  to  the 
voices  of  those  about  him. 

Then,  suddenly,  he  awakes.  A  new  and  un- 
usual feeling  of  animation  possesses  him.  His 
blood  is  beginning  to  tingle.  His  old-time  energy 
is  coming  back  to  him  and  his  thoughts  are  turn- 
ing to  golf,  to  tennis,  to  horse-back  riding  and  to 
all  those  amusements  which  interested  him  before 
the  days  that  had  brought  more  serious  affairs 
to  claim  all  his  time  and  to  hold  his  nose  too 
steadily  to  the  hard  surface  of  the  business  grind- 
stone. 

Then  it  is  that  he  begins  to  appreciate  what 
is  happening  to  him,  to  understand  that  the  baths 
have  driven  all  sluggishness  from  his  blood,  have 
given  him  the  energy  not  only  to  work  but  to  play 


and  have  created  in  him  the  desire  to  play.  And 
he  plunges  joyfully  into  the  whirlpool  of  Hot 
Springs  activity. 

Recreation  and  Amusements 

There  is  enjoyment  for  all  in  the  amusements, 
sports  and  social  activities  at  Hot  Springs.  The 
out-of-doors  life,  made  possible  by  the  mild 
southern  climate,  is  always  alluring. 

The  driveways  are  enlivened  by  coaching 
parties  and  elaborate  liveried  "turnouts",  for 
the  spirited  horse  still  holds  his  own  against  the 
automobile  at  Hot  Springs.  On  both  the  drive- 
ways and  bridle  paths  the  number  of  equestrians 
is  unusual,  horseback  riding  being  a  favorite 
exercise.  The  horse  at  Hot  Springs  is  still  given 
the  honor  that  is  due  him.  It  is  claimed  that  no 
city  of  equal  size  in  the  world  can  boast  a 
greater  number  of  superb  saddle  animals.  Ken- 
tucky bred  and  full  of  mettle,  but  trained  to  the 
use  of  the  inexperienced.  There  is  also  the 
famous  Oaklawn  race  track,  where  many  chapters 
of  racing  history  have  been  written. 

Under  the  regulations  automobiles  are  per- 
mitted on  certain  of  the  mountain  roads  of  the 
Reservation,  and  the  adjoining  country  furnishes 
ample  opportunity  for  more  extended  motor 
trips.  Good  roads  are  numerous,  and  among 
them  is  one  leading  to  Little  Rock,  the  capital  of 
the  state. 

Happy  Days  on  the  Golf  Links 

In  these  modern  times  no  resort  is  complete 
without  its  golf  links — so  there  is  a  course  at  Hot 
Springs.  The  Hot  Springs  Country  Club  is 
located  beyond  the  city  limits,  but  within  easy 
reach.  It  comprises  250  acres  of  rolling  green 
with  an  18-hole  course,  the  holes  varying  in 
length  from  1 00  to  500  yards.  Naturally  there  is 
the  adjunct  of  a  spacious  and  attractive  club 

Page     fifteen 


house.  From  the  veranda  of  the  latter,  1 6  of  the 
18  putting  greens  are  visible,  as  well  as  6,500 
yards  of  the  fairway.  The  course  is  well  cared 
for  and  meets  every  demand  of  the  most  exacting 
professional.  The  tees  and  putting  greens  are  of 
packed  sand,  while  the  fairway  is  of  Bermuda 
grass.  The  greens  as  a  whole  are  of  rare  land- 
scape beauty  and  the  hazards,  or  many  of  them, 
have  been  supplied  by  nature.  Matches  and 
tournaments  are  scheduled  in  season;  and  the 
payment  of  a  small  fee  admits  all  visitors  to  the 
privileges  of  the  club  house  and  golf  course. 

Base  Ball  and  Tennis 

During  the  training  season  major  league  base 
ball  clubs  are  at  Hot  Springs  for  the  baths  and 
preliminary  work,  in  consequence  of  which  the 
visitor  is  at  that  time  treated  to  some  of  the 
finest  exhibition  games. 

Tennis  courts  have  been  laid  out  in  various 
localities  and  in  their  settings  are  ample  for  the 
use  of  the  professional  or  the  amateur. 

Whittington  Lake  Amusement  Park 

Whittington  Lake  Park  largely  partakes  of  the 
nature  of  an  amusement  park.  Athletic  sports, 
band  concerts,  the  summer  theatre,  animals, 
electric  fountains,  swings,  tennis  courts,  base  ball 
fields  and  a  variety  of  other  features  make  it  a 
place  where  care-free  crowds  congregate  in  large 
numbers.  Nearby  are  the  alligator  and  ostrich 
farms. 

The  Ostrich  Farm 

Of  the  ostrich  it  has  been  said  that  those  great 
gawky  birds  are  of  all  things  animate  the  "most 
innocently  powerful",  and  the  "most  powerfully 
innocent".  They  are  a  study — these  birds — a  kick 
from  whose  legs  has  power  to  kill  and  whose 
wonderful  eyes  create  speculations  as  to  whether 
their  little  twinkle  means  mischief  or  a  joke. 
Of  course  the  display  of  feathers,  of  which  they 


are  proud ,  are  of  special  interest  to  the  women. 
One  learns  much  as  to  the  characteristics  and 
the  habits  of  this  bird  at  the  farm.  As  an 
amusement  feature,  birds  trained  for  the  purpose 
are  ridden  astride,  or  harnessed  and  driven  to 
little  sulkies. 

Alligator  Farm 

At  the  Alligator  Farm  hundreds  of  'gators  ai 
exhibited,  ranging  in  length  from  a  few  inches 
twenty  feet,  and  in  age  from  a  few  days  old  to 
hundred  or  two  hundred  years.  The  alligatc 
is  not  pleasing  to  look  at.  He  has  a  vicious 
and  a  more  vicious  tail.  As  you  look  over  tl 
exhibit  you  are  pleased  to  know  that  such  un- 
beautiful  things  make  up  into  such  very  nit 
handbags. 

The  Social  Life 

If  not  interested  in  the  waters,  the  visitor 
forget  that  the  place  is  a  Spa.  Behind  the  bat! 
houses  on  Bath  House  Row  rise  the  gloric 
Ozark  Hills  with  all  their  pleasures.  The  great* 
hotels  are  resort  hotels.  There  is  the  music 
the  dancing,  the  entertainments  of  many  kinds 
and  the  invigorating  outdoor  life  saturated  wit 
the  romantic  spirit  of  the  South.  There  is  tl 
riding,  the  golfing,  the  motoring,  the  mountaii 
climbing  and  all  the  rest.  One  may  spend  a  wl 
season  in  these  pleasures  alone — and 
America,  for  Hot  Springs  draws  its  patrons  fror 
every  nook  and  corner  of  the  country. 

Or    one    may  live  this  invigorating  life 
have  the  stimulus  of  morning  baths  besides;  tl 
greater  hotels  have  their  own  unobtrusive  batl 
houses,  and  the  baths  are  for  the  well  and  weai 
as  well  as  for  the  sick. 

Or,  if  he  wants  the  Spa  life,  he  may  have  tl 
to  the  full.     A  few  steps  cityward,  and  there  ai 
the  bath  houses,  some  of  them  finer  and 
completely    equipped    with    scientific    bathing 
systems  and  appliances  than  those  of  the  most 


The  entrance  to  the  Reservation. 


Page     sixteen 


At  the  foot  of  these  steps,  the  busy  whirl  of  the  city;  at  the  top.  absolute  rest  and  quiet 
in  the  woods  of  Hot  Springs  Mountain. 


Off  for  a  morning  cantei 


To  those  who  have  inherited  that  love  of  the  hors 
automobile.  Hot  Springs  offers  an  ideal 


which 


famous  Spas  abroad.  He  may  live  this  life  to  its 
full,  sitting  in  the  parks,  taking  the  Oertel  walks, 
drinking  the  waters  as  well  as  bathing  in  them. 

Or  he  may  combine  the  two  kinds  of  life  in  any 
proportion  he  pleases. 

For  convalescents  the  so-called  Oertel  System 
of  Graduated  walking  courses  is  very  beneficial. 
These  courses  are  indicated  by  painted  stone 
monuments  with  a  distance  number  cut  on  two 


faces.  By  these  monuments,  patients  can  easily 
see  the  distance  they  have  walked.  The  first 
or  yellow  course,  is  comparatively  level;  the 
second,  or  green  course,  slightly  inclined;  the 
third,  or  blue  course,  fairly  steep;  and  the  fourth, 
or  red  course,  very  steep.  The  length  and 
character  of  the  walks  taken  under  this  system 
are  determined  by  physicians,  according  to  the 
condition  and  progress  of  patients. 


Expenses  at  Hot  Springs 

Following  is  the  published  scale  of  ratea  for  baths  at  different  bath  houses  receiving  water  from  the  Hot  Springs 
Reservation,  as  published  by  the  National  Park  Service  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior;  also  a  Hat  of  hotels  and  board- 
ing houses  together  with  their  rates. 

For  further  details  of  specific  interest  concerning  Hot  Springs  not  covered  herein,  apply  to  th« 

DEPARTMENT  OF  THE  INTERIOR. 
National  Park  Service, 
Washington.  D.  C. 

BUREAU   OF  SERVICE.  NATIONAL  PARKS  AND  MONUMENTS.  TRAVEL  BUREAU— WESTERN  LINES. 

646  Transportation  Building. 
Chicago.  Illinois 

BUSINESS  MEN'S  LEAGUE. 
Hot  Springs.  Arkansas 

SCALE  OF  RATES  FOR  BATHS 

AT  DIFFERENT  BATHHOUSES  RECEIVING  WATER  FROM  THE  HOT  SPRINGS  RESERVATION 


Single 
bath 

Course 

Course  of 
21  baths 

Single 
bath 

Course 

Course  of 
21  baths 

Bathhouse 

Single 
baths 

plus  at- 
tendant's 

of  21 
baths 

plus  at- 
tendant's 

Bathhouse 

Single 
baths 

plus  at- 
tendant's 

of  21 
baths 

plus  at- 
tendant's 

fee 

fees 

fee 

fees 

Arlington  

$0.65 

$0.85 

$12.00 

$16.00 

Superior  

$0.50 

$0.70 

$0.90 

$13.00 

Fordyce  

.65 

.85 

12.00 

16.00 

.45 

.65 

800 

12  00 

Buckstaff  

.60 

.80 

11.00 

15.00 

Rector  

.45 

.65 

8.00 

12.00 

Maurice  

.60 

.80 

11.00 

15.00 

Rockafellow  

.45 

.65 

8.00 

12.00 

Imperial  

55 

75 

10  00 

14  00 

Eastman.  .  .  . 

.55 

.75 

10  00 

14  00 

45 

65 

8  00 

12  00 

Majestic 

55 

75 

10  00 

14  00 

40 

60 

7  00 

1  1  00 

Hale  

50 

70 

9  00 

13  00 

Oza*k 

40 

60 

7  00 

1  1  00 

Moody  .  .  . 

.50 

.70 

9.00 

13.00 

Alhambra  

.40 

.60 

7.00 

11.00 

St.  Joseph'.  In- 

Pythian  Sanato- 

nrmary  .  .  . 

50 

70 

9  00 

13  oo 

30 

50 

5  00 

9  00 

Page     seventeen 


Page      eighteen 


LIST  OF  HOTELS  AND  BOARDING  HOUSES 

AT  HOT  SPRINGS,  ARKANSAS,  COMPILED  BY  THE  BUSINESS  MEN'S  LEAGUE 


NAME  OF  PLACE 

Capacity 

RA 
Per  Day 

TES 
Per  Week 

Plan 

Proprietor  or   Manager 

Alamo                                           

30  persons 

$1.00  up 

$7  00  up 

Mrs    B    B    Spivey 

1   00 

2  50  up 

F   M    Ezell 

500  persons 

4  to  $8 

28  00  up 

tW    Corrington 

Bcldin  House 

1   00 

6  00  up 

D    Beldin 

3  00  up 

1    00  up 

8  to  $10 

Mrs    Robt    Barnes 

Burhops    B    11 

8  to  $10 

Mrs    J    H    Burhop 

Campbell  House                                  

40  persons 

1    00  up 

6  00  up 

I    p'  Perry 

5  to  $7 

Colonial  Hotel  

75  persons 

1  .  00  up 

7  00  up 

Central  Hotel 

00  up 

Special 

W    W    Little 

Chestnut  Hotel  

25  persons 

1.50 

7  00  up 

H    P   Thornaa 

Crittendon  Hotel  (colored) 

1   00  up 

7  00  up 

G    E   Crittendon 

30  persons 

1  .50 

10  00  up 

1.00  up 

Special 

Al  A    Reynolds 

1   00 

6  00  up 

50  persons 

2.00 

9  to  $12 

Darch  Hotel  (Jewish) 

75 

2  00  up 

Dayton  Hotel  

40  persons 

.50  up 

2  50  up 

Fred  L    Kerr 

Delrnar  Hotel 

2  00 

10  00 

C    C    Harvey 

Dclmar  Hotel  

1  .00 

7  00 

C.  C.  Harvey 

1000  persons 

1   00  up 

Special 

W    E   Chester 

Eddy  Hotel 

5  to  $15 

Mrs    B    F    Pace 

1  .00  up 

7  to  $10 

Fulton  Hotel  

20  persons 

1.50  up 
.75 

8.00  up 
1   50  up 

American 

Scherrick  &  Co. 
Mrs    R    Bennie 

Goddard  Hotel 

1    50  up 

5  to$!5  50 

Mrs   J    A    Barton 

Gray's  Boarding  House  
Gt    Northern  Hotel 

25  persons 

1.50 
75  up 

10.00  up 
3  00  up 

American 

Mrs.  L.  Gray 
Mrs    C    Hutsell 

Garrison  Hotel  

50  persons 

.50  up 

3  00  up 

Mrs.  J.  M.  Smith 

Glenwood  Hotel 

1   00 

6  to  $8 

N    E    Bryant 

Home  Hotel  

50  persons 

1.50  up 

8  to  $10 

Mrs.A.A.McColIough 

50  up 

2  00  up 

Hill  Crest  

20  persons 

1.50  up 

8  00  up 

C.  H.  Dibble 

Hinkle  House 

8  00  up 

Mrs    F    Hinkle 

50 

2  to  $3 

Mrs    M    Hoxie 

60  persons 

1.50 

7  to  $  1  2 

T    H    Cathcart 

Jerwick  Hotel  (Jewish) 

2  00  up 

12  00  up 

Mrs    H    Jerwick 

Kempner  Hotel  

1  5  persons 

1.00 

7  00  up 

P    K.  Crawford 

2  00 

12  50  up 

Mrs    W    E    Lauher 

Kyle  Rooms  

25  persons 

1   50  to  $3 

Mrs.  E.  E.  Kyle 

1   00  up 

7  to  $12 

Mrs    M    Watts 

Lester  House  

25  persons 

2  50  up 

T.  M.  Baughm 

Leon  Hotel 

75 

3  00  up 

p    J    Murphy 

Majestic  Hotel  

500  persons 

2.50  up 

Harry  A.  Jones 

Marion  Hotel    . 

1   25  up 

8  50to$IO 

Asbury  &  Wallon 

Marquette  Hotel  

1  50  persons 

1  .00  up 

European 

Chas.  G.  Orr 

Maurice  Hotel 

1   00  up 

6  00  up 

Mrs    M.  D.  Brady 

Maurice  Hotel  

13  50 

American 

Mrs.  M.  D.  Brady 

McCrary  Hotel  
Melba  Rooms  

75  persons 
1  5  persons 

2.00 

8.00  up 
3.50  to  $7 

American 
European 

Mrs.  M.  P.  McCrary 
J.  M.  Frisby 

Metropolitan  Rooms  
Milwaukee  Hotel  

20  persons 
1  00  persons 

2.50  up 

2.50  up 
15  00  up 

European 
American 

Miss  Thompson 
J.  P.  Hickey 

.  Moody  Hotel  

250  persons 

2.  50  up 

17.50  up 
5  00  up 

American 

N.  M.  Moody 
W    A    Smith 

Morris  Cottage  

2  00  up 

W.  A.  Smith 

Murray  Rooms 

2  50  to  $3 

Mrs    B    Murray 

Napoleon  Hotel  

25  person 

1  .00  up 

2  50  to  $5 

Mrs.  F.  Rawles 

Nettles  House 

8  to  $12 

Mrs    E.  C.  Nettles 

New  Dayton  Hotel  
New  Haven  Hotel 

40  person 

.50  up 
00  up 

2.  50  up 
7  to  $10 

European 

Fred  L.  Kerr 
Mrs.  Ida  L.  Parrott 

New  Capitol  Hotel  

50  person 

.00  up 

2  00  up 

European 

Mrs.  N.  J.  Planks 

New  Hot  Springs 

50  persons 

3  50  up 

Shannon  Gower 

New  Lindell  Hotel 

00  up 

Special 

Mrs   A.  H.  Houaley 

!  New  National  Hotel  
New  Orleans 

40  persons 

.00  up 
00 

8  to  $12 
2  00  up 

American 

Mrs.  DeVall 
Mrs.  E.  T.  Deickreide 

Ohio  House  

25  persons 

.00 

5  00  up 

Callahan  Bros. 

1  Pacific  House 

3  50  to  $4 

S    J.  Smith 

Plateau  Hotel  

1  5  person 

3  00  up 

European 

C.  F.  Cook 

'  Penedleton  Hotel 

50 

2  50  up 

F.  A.  Coutlee 

1  Palm  Hotel  

30  person 

2  50  up 

European 

S.  Clement 

Parker's  Boarding  House 

2.00 

II    00  up 

Mrs.  J.  L.  Parker 

Pullman  Hotel 

1   00  up 

5  to  $15 

Jas.  A.  Longinotti 

Putnam  Hotel  

65  persons 

1  .  00  up 

5  to  $7 

D.  B.  Davis 

Putnam  Hotel 

9  to  $12 

D.  B.  Davis 

Palace  Hotel  

80  persons 

1  .00 

3  50  up 

European 

Woodcock  &  Womack 

:  Richmond  Hotel 

9  to  $  1  5 

Mrs.  E.  B.  Elliston 

Rockafellow  Hotel  .  . 
Rockafellow  Hotel 

75  persons 

2.00 
1.00 

14.50  up 
3  50  to  $7 

American 

E.  S.  Putnam 
E.  S.  Putnam 

Saratoga  Hotel  

50  persons 

.50 

3  to  $5 

European 

R.  H.  Baird 

i  Savoy  Hotel  

60  persons 

.50 

3  to  $5 

European 

Mrs.  Allie  Street 

Southern  Hotel  

60  persons 

8  to  $12 

American 

Mrs.  Mary  Bradley 

Spaulding 

1   00 

4  00  up 

H    A.  Spaulding 

St.  Charles.... 

1.50 

10  50  to  17  50 

H.  Doherty 

St.  Charles. 

3  00  up 

H.  Doherty 

St.  John's  Place  .'. 
Shelton  House 

20  persons 

1.50 

7.00  up 
2  50  to  $3 

American 

Benedictine  Sisters 
Tom  Shelton 

Taylor  House  

40  persons 

1.50  up 

10  50  up 

American 

Miss  Una  Taylor 

(Continued  on  page  21) 


Page      nineteen 


Page     twenty 


A  view  from  Hot  Springs  Mountain. 


List  of  Hotels  and  Boarding  Houses  at  Hot  Springs,  Arkansas,  Compiled  by  the  Business  Men's  League 

— Continued 


NAME  OF  PLACE 

Capacity 

RA' 
Per  Day 

FES 
Per  Week 

Plan 

Proprietor  or  Manager 

iTarkington  House  

1   25  up 

8  00  up 

1   00 

5  00  up 

I     A     T                    J 

iTownsend  

pe  . 

2  50 

12  50 

1  5 

3  00  up 

'Union  Hotel  

8  00  up 

IWaukesha  Hotel 

2  50 

17  50 

A.i         f 

Williamson's  Boarding  House 

10  00  up 

Wilson's  Cozy  Inn  

1.50  up 

European 

Mr«       lr\^    Wilann 

Railroad  Tickets 

Throughout  the  year,  round-trip  excursion 
tickets  at  reduced  fares  are  sold  at  practically 
all  stations  in  the  United  States  to  Hot  Springs, 
Ark.,  as  a  destination.  Passengers  en  route  to 
iother  destinations  will  find  stop-over  privileges 
available  on  both  one-way  and  round-trip 
tickets,  for  the  purpose  of  making  side- trips  to 
Hot  Springs. 

Park  Administration 

Hot  Springs  National  Park  is  under  the  juris- 
diction of  the  Director,  National  Park  Service, 
Department  of  the  Interior,  Washington,  D.  C. 
The  Park  Superintendent  is  located  at  Hot 
Springs,  Ark. 

U.  S.  Government  Publications 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  Govern- 
ment Printing  Office,  Washington,  D.  C.,  at 
prices  given.  Remittances  should  be  made  by 
Money  Order  or  in  cash. 


by  J 


Analysis  of  the  Waters  of  the  Hot  Springs  of  Arkansas. 
K.  Haywood.  and  Geological  Sketch  of  Hot  Springs. 


f\rk..  by   waiter  Harvey  Webb.     5o  pages.      IU  cents. 

The  National  Parks  Portfolio,  by  Robert  Sterling  Yard. 
260  pages.  270  illustrations,  descriptive  of  nine  National 
Parks.  Pamphlet  edition  3 5  cent*.  Book  edition  55  cents. 


The   following  publications  may  be  obtained 
free  on  written  application  to  the  Director  of 


the  National  Park  Service,  Department  of  the 
Interior,  Washington,  D.  C.t  or  by  personal 
application  to  the  office  of  the  Superintendent  of 
the  Park. 

Circular  of  General  Information  Regarding  Hot  Springs 
of  Arkansas. 

Glimpses  of  our  National  Parks.     48  pages,  illustrated. 

Map  showing  location  of  National  Parka  and  Monu- 
ments, and  railroad  routes  thereto. 

U.  S.  R.  R.  Administration  Publications 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
free  on  application  to  any  consolidated  ticket 
office,  or  apply  to  the  Bureau  of  Service,  National 
Parks  and  Monuments,  or  Travel  Bureau — 
Western  Lines;  646  Transportation  Building, 
Chicago,  111.: 

Arizona  and  New  Mexico  Rockies. 

California  for  the  Tourist. 

Colorado  and  Utah  Rockies. 

Crater  Lake  National  Park.  Oregon. 

Glacier  National  Park.  Montana. 

Grand  Canyon  National  Park.  Arizona. 

Hawaii  National  Park.  Hawaiian  Islands. 

Hot  Springs  National  Park.  Arkansas. 

Mesa  Verde  National  Park.  Colorado. 

Mount  Rainier  National  Park.  Washington. 

Northern  Lakes — Wisconsin,  Minnesota.  Upper  Michigan, 

Iowa  and  Illinois. 
Pacific  Northwest  and  Alaska. 
Petrified  Forest  National  Monument.  Arizona. 
Rocky  Mountain  National  Park,  Colorado. 
Sequoia  and  General  Grant  National  Parks,  California 
Yellowstone  National  Park.  Wyoming. 
Yosemite  National  Park.  California. 
Zion  National  Monument.  Utah. 

Page     twenty-one 


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THE   HAWAIIAN   ISLANDS 


GULF 


The  National  Parks  at  a  Glance. 

United    States    Railroad    Administration 

Director  General  of  Railroads 

For  particulars  as  to  fares,  train  schedules,  etc.,  apply  to  any  Railroad  Ticket  Agent,  or  to  anj 
of  the  following  Consolidated  Ticket  Offices: 

West 


Austin,  Tex 521    Congress  Ave. 

Beaumont.  Tex.,  Orleans  and  Pearl  Sts. 

Bremerton.  Wash 224  Front  St. 

Butte.  Mont 2  N.  Main  St. 

Chicago.  Ill . 1  79  W.  Jackson  St. 

Colorado  Springs,  Colo. 

I19E.  Pike's  Peak  Ave. 

Dallas.  Tex 1  12-1  14  Field  St. 

Denver.   Colo 601    17th  St. 

Des  Moines,  Iowa 403  Walnut  St. 

Duluth.  Minn 334  W.  Superior  St. 

El  Paso.  Tex.  .  .  .Mills  and  Oregon  Sts. 

Ft.  Worth.  Tex 702  Houston  St. 

Fresno.  Cal J  and  Fresno  Sts. 

Galveston.  Tex.  .21st  and  Market  Sts. 

Helena.  Mont 58  S.  Main  St. 

Houston.  Tex 904  Texas  Ave. 

Kansas  City.  Mo. 

Ry.  Ex.  Bldg..  7th  and  Walnut  Sts. 


Annapolis,  Md 54  Maryland  Ave. 

Atlantic  City.  N.  J..  1301   Pacific  Ave. 

Baltimore.  Md B.  &  O.  R.  R.  Bldg. 

Boston.  Mass 67  Franklin  St. 

Brooklyn.  N.  Y 336  Fulton  St. 

Buffalo.  N.  Y.  .Main  and  Division  Sts. 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  .  .6th  and  Main  Sts. 

Cleveland.  Ohio 1004  Prospect  Ave. 

Columbus.    Ohio 70  East  Gay  St. 

Dayton.  Ohio 19  S.  Ludlow  St. 


Asheville.  N.  C 14  S.  Polk  Square 

Atlanta.  Ga...  .  .74  Peachtree  St. 


Lincoln,  Neb 104  N.  I  3th  St. 

Little  Rock.  Ark 202  W.  2d  St. 

Long  Beach.  Cal .  .L.  A.  &  S.  L.  Station 

Los  Angeles.  Cal 221   S.  Broadway 

Milwaukee.  Wis 99  Wisconsin  St. 

Minneapolis.  Minn..  202  Sixth  St.  South 
Oakland.  Cal. . .  13th  St.  and  Broadway 
Ocean  Park.  Cal.  .  .Pacific  Elec.  Depot 
Oklahoma  City.  Okla. 

131  W.  Grand  Ave. 

Omaha.  Neb 1416  Dodge   St. 

Peoria.  111.  .  .Jefferson  and  Liberty  Sts. 
Phoenix,  Ariz. 

Adams  St.  and  Central  Ave. 
Portland,  Ore.  .3d  and  Washington  Sts. 

Pueblo.  Colo 401-3  N.  Union  Ave.     Tacoma.  W« 

St.  Joseph.  Mo 505  Francis  St.     Waco.  Tex 

St.  Louis.  Mo.  Whittier.  Cal .  .  . 

318-328  North  Broadway  J  Winnipeg.  Man. 

East 

Detroit,  Mich ...  13  W.  LaFayette  Ave. 
Evansville.  Ind.  .  .L.  &  N.  R.  R.  Bldg. 


St.  Paul.  Minn.  .  .4th  and  Jackson  Sts. 

Sacramento.  Cal 801    K  St. 

Salt  Lake  City.  Utah 

Main  and  S.  Temple  Sts. 
San  Antonio.  Tex. 

315-17  N.  St.  Mary's  St. 

San  Diego.  Cal 300  Broadway 

San  Francisco.  Cal 50  Post  St. 

San  Jose.  Cal..  I  st  and  San  Fernando  Sts. 

Seattle.  Wash 714-16  2d  Ave. 

Shreveport.  La..  Milam  and  Market  Sts. 

Sioux  City.  Iowa 510  4th  St. 

Spokane.  Wash. 

Davenport  Hotel.  815  Sprague  Ave. 
.1117-19  Pacific  Ave. 
6th  and  Franklin  Sts. 
.L.  A.  &  S.  L.  Station 
226  Portage  Ave. 


Augusta.  Ga , 

Birmingham,  Ala.  . 
Charleston.  S.  C.  .  . 

Charlotte.  N.  C 

Chattanooga,  Tenn. 

Columbia.  S.  C 

Jacksonville.  Fla.  .  . 


...811  Broad  St. 

2010  1st  Ave. 

.  Charleston  Hotel 

..22S.  TryonSt. 

..81  7  Market  St. 

.Arcade  Building 
...38  W.  Bay  St. 


Grand  Rapids.  Mich 125  Pearl  St. 

Indianapolis.  Ind..  1 12-14  English  Block 

Montreal,  Que 238  St.  James  St. 

Newark.  N.  J..  Clinton  and  Beaver  Sts. 

New  York.  N.  Y 64  Broadway 

New  York.  N.  Y 57  Chambers  St. 

New  York.  N.  Y 31  W.  32d  St. 

New  York.  N.  Y 1  14  W.  42d  St. 

South 

Knoxville.    Tenn 600  Gay  St. 

Lexington.  Ky Union  Station 

Louisville.  Ky.  .  .  .4th  and  Market  Sts. 

Lynchburg.  Va 722  Main  St. 

Memphis.  Tenn 60  N.  Main  St. 

Mobile.  Ala 51   S.  Royal  St. 

Montgomery.  Ala Exchange  Hotel 

Nashville.  Tenn. Independent  Life  Bldg. 

New  Orleans.  La St.  Charles  Hotel 

Norfolk.  Va.  .  .  .  Monticello  Hotel 


Philadelphia.  Pa.  ...  1539  Chestnut  St. 

Pittsburgh.  Pa Arcade  Building 

Reading.  Pa 16  N.  Fifth  St. 

Rochester.  N.  Y 20  State  St. 

Syracuse.  N.  Y 355  S.  Warren  St. 

Toledo.  Ohio 320  Madison  Ave. 

Washington.  D.  C.  .  .  1229  F  St.  N.  W. 

Williamsport.  Pa 4th  and  Pine  Sts. 

Wilmington.  Del 905  Market  St. 


Paducah.  Ky 430  Broadway 

Pensacola.  Fla San  Carlos  Hotel 

Raleigh.  N.  C 305  LaFayette  St. 

Richmond.  Va 830  E.  Main  St. 

Savannah.  Ga 37  Bull  St. 

Sheffield.  Ala Sheffield  Hotel 

Tampa.  Fla Hillsboro  Hotel 

Vicksburg.  Miss.  .1319  Washington  St. 
Winston-Salem.  N.  C..  236  N.  Main  St 


For  detailed  information  regarding  National  Parks  and  Monuments  address  Bureau  of  Service, 
National  Parks  and  Monuments,  or  Travel  Bureau — Western  Lines,  646  Transportation  Bldg., 
Chicago.  Page  twenty-three 


SEASON.    1919 


Bath  H  ouse  Row — One  of  the  most  popular  thoroughfares  in  America. 


in 


I 


National   Pa.rk 


L   O 


A.    D 


An  Appreciation  of 

Mesa  Verde  National  Park 

By  DR.  J.  WALTER  FEWKES,  Chief,  Bureau  of  America  n  Ethnology,  Smithsonian  Institution 
Written  Especially  for  the  United  States  Railroad  Administration 

OME  with  me  to  the  Mesa  Verde,  and  with  me  lift  the  veil  that  conceals 
the  past  and  reveals  the  culture  of  an  unlettered  people  whose  history 
has  been  forgotten.  What  fascination  to  wander  through  the  streets 
of  a  ruined  city,  to  enter  the  long  deserted  sanctuaries,  examine  the 
paintings  and  figures  on  the  walls,  and  live  in  imagination  the  life  of  an 
ancient  people!  Time  was  when  American  travelers  sought  distant  lands  to  commune 
in  this  way  with  the  past,  but  now  we  can  turn  to  our  own  country.  Our  great  rail- 
roads will  carry  the  tourist  near  the  towns  once  populous  but  now  deserted  and  in 
ruins. 

The  Mesa  Verde  National  Park,  containing  many  of  these  ancient  monuments,  has 
been  protected  by  our  Government  for  this  special  purpose.  It  invites  all  with  little 
discomfort  to  withdraw  from  the  world  of  the  present  with  its  bustle  and  noise  to 
live  mentally  for  a  time  in  the  past  of  our  own  country.  Every  one  who  has  accepted 
an  invitation  to  visit  this  Park  has  declared  his  intention  to  return.  Why  this  lure 
of  the  Mesa  Verde?  Why  does  mention  of  its  forgotten  people  cause  the  weary  face 
of  the  careworn  to  relax  and  his  eye  to  brighten  with  the  light  of  joy?  Because  the 
mystery  kindles  the  imagination  and  revivifies  their  life  and  struggles.  Who  were 
these  ancient  people?  When  did  they  live  and  what  became  of  them?  These 
questions  are  perennial  in  their  interest.  The  Mesa  Verde  beckons  the  visitor  to  its 
canyons,  where  once  lived  the  dusky  maid  who  ground  the  corn  in  a  primitive  mill 
as  she  sang  her  song  in  unison  with  her  mates;  here  one  can  see  the  crude  fire- 
places where  the  food  was  cooked,  and  the  rooms  where  the  priest  worshipped  his 
gods;  and  you  can  wander  through  the  streets  now  deserted  but  once  filled  with  the 
busy  life  of  the  little  brown  people.  There  can  be  seen  also  the  foot-holes  cut  in  the 
rock  where  the  women  climbed  from  the  spring  to  their  eerie  dwellings  carrying  their 
jars  of  water.  No  book  can  take  the  place  of  experience  or  impress  the  mind  in  the 
same  way.  One  must  see  for  himself  these  homes  in  their  proper  settings  in  the 
canyon  walls,  with  the  hazy  mountains  on  the  distant  horizon;  the  lofty  rocky  pinnacle 
that  like  a  phantom  ship  sails  the  valley  on  the  south;  the  Sleeping  Ute,  far  behind 
which  was  the  house  of  the  cliff  dwellers'  sun  god; and  Lookout  Mountain,  like  a  sentinel 
guarding  the  approaches.  Let  us  then  turn  our  steps  from  the  rush  of  the  modern 
commercial  world  to  the  silence  of  the  Mesa  Verde,  where  the  high  mesa,  cedar  clad, 
and  furrowed  by  deep  canyons,  refreshes  the  spirit  of  man,  and  where  imagination — 
parent  of  poetry — speaks  to  us  of  a  people  unlike  ourselves  that  once  nourished  and 
disappeared. 


Page     three 


To  the  American  People: 

Uncle  Sam  asks  you  to  be  his  guest.  He  has  prepared  for  you  the 
choice  places  of  this  continent — places  of  grandeur,  beauty  and  of 
wonder.  He  has  built  roads  through  the  deep-cut  canyons  and  beside 
happy  streams,  which  will  carry  you  into  these  places  in  comfort,  and 
has  provided  lodgings  and  food  in  the  most  distant  and  inaccessible 
places  that  you  might  enjoy  yourself  and  realize  as  little  as  possible 
the  rigors  of  the  pioneer  traveler's  life.  These  are  for  you.  They  are 
the  playgrounds  of  the  people.  To  see  them  is  to  make  more  hearty 
your  affection  and  admiration  for  America. 


_. 


Secretary  of  the  Interior 


Mesa  Verde  National  Park 


HERE  is  always  a  fascination 
about  the  unexplainable  — 
and  the  attraction  becomes 
greater  if  we  are  enabled  to 
come  in  contact  with  the 
mysterious  object  and  endeavor  to  con- 
jure up  an  explanation.  In  Mesa  Verde 
National  Park  opportunities  for  such 
speculation  are  offered  lavishly. 

The  southwestern  portion  of  the  United 
States  contains  many  ruins  of  dwellings 
and  other  structures  left  by  prehistoric 
peoples  who  had  reached  a  high  degree 
of  civilization  long  before  the  discovery 
of  America.  These  people  are  supposed 
to  have  been  the  ancestors  of  the  Pueblo 
Indians,  although  differing  from  them  in 
many  particulars,  one  of  the  more  obvious 
being  the  fact  that  most  of  the  modern 
Pueblos  build  their  houses  of  sun-baked 
bricks  (adobe),  whereas  the  ancients 
used  cut  stone. 

Of  all  the  groups  of  these  ruins,  those 
on  the  Mesa  Verde,  in  Montezuma 
County,  southwestern  Colorado,  are  con- 
ceded to  be  the  largest,  best  preserved 
and  most  picturesquely  situated,  and  it 
was  for  these  reasons  that  Congress  in 
1 906  set  aside  48,966  acres  of  this  section 
and  designated  it  Mesa  Verde  National 
Park. 

Probably  the  most  striking  feature  of 
this  mesa  (or  tableland)  is  the  succession 
of  great  gashes  in  its  contour,  leading 
southward  and  entering  the  larger  canyon 

P  a  ^  e     four 


of  the  Mancos  River.  These  side  canyons 
are  usually  devoid  of  streams,  but  in  ages 
past  erosion  worked  enormous  cavities  in 
their  sides  toward  the  top,  and  it  was  in 
these  places,  under  the  overhanging 
cliffs,  which  offered  such  promise  of  pro- 
tection from  the  elements  and  from  their 
enemies,  that  the  prehistoric  pioneers 
built  their  homes.  And  one  cannot  fail 
to  admire  the  ability  displayed  in  their 
choice.  From  the  Cliff  Dwellers'  stand- 
point the  sites  selected  were  ideal. 

Most  of  us  are  not  ethnologists,  but  it 
is  our  privilege  to  make  conjectures  in 
our  own  humble  way.  While  eminent 
archaeologists  have  solved  many  of  the 
leading  mysteries  in  connection  with 
these  long-vanished  people,  the  ordinary 
visitor  may  still  wander  among  the  ruins 
of  their  remarkable  habitations  and 
reach  his  own  conclusions  in  regard  to 
the  many  interesting  problems  that  are 
always  presenting  themselves. 

There  are  so  many  ruins  in  the  Park, 
and  reached  with  the  minimum  of  time 
and  exertion,  that  the  contemplative  man 
can  be  much  by  himself  and,  unhampered 
by  the  presence  of  other  visitors,  can 
find  an  absorbing  occupation  in  seeking 
to  discover  the  motives  that  governed 
the  .selection  of  certain  building  sites 
or  the  adoption  of  certain  features  in 
construction — the  placing  of  a  door  at 
this  point,  the  use  of  a  peculiar  wind 
there,  the  insertion  of  a  port-hole  in 


• 


A  TYPICAL  LANDSCAPE  IN  MESA  VERDE  NATIONAL  PARK 


wall  with  an  angle  quite  oblique  to  the 
latter,  or  the  strange  and  most  interesting 
arrangement  of  the  kivas,  which  a  face- 
tious visitor  has  termed  "prehistoric  club- 
rooms." 

In  the  less  carefully  finished  portions  of 
the  walls  the  imaginative  man  will 
doubtless  place  his  fingers  on  the  mortar 
in  the  marks  left  by  prehistoric  hands — 
and  ponder.  While  these  primitive 
artisans  were  humbly  and  laboriously 
fashioning  the  abodes  in  which  this 
civilization  was  being  developed  inde- 
pendent of  Europe,  what  was  happening 
on  that  continent?  Were  the  Crusaders 
then  faring  forth  to  the  Holy  Land? 
Or  did  the  Cliff  Dwellers  ante-date  that 
time?  Had  Pompeii  been  destroyed? 
Had  Caesar  landed  in  Britain?  Various 
have  been  the  conjectures  as  to  the  period 
of  occupancy  of  these  dwellings,  and  one 
may  make  guesses  ad  libitum. 

There  is  an  especial  fascination  in  the 
ancient  trails,  where  these  primitive 
people's  sandaled  feet  wore  smooth  the 
steps  which  they  had  laboriously  cut  in 
the  solid  rock.  And  it  is  not  at  all 
difficult  to  imagine  the  use  of  these  steps 
in  that  far-off  time — the  huntsmen  setting 
forth  in  the  early  morning  with  their  well 
made  bows  and  flint-pointed  arrows, 
the  girls  and  women  proceeding  with  their 
household  duties,  gracefully  carrying  on 
their  heads  the  large  water  jars,  of  which 


so  many  are  found,  the  children  playing 
around  their  homes  and  upon  the  adjacent 
cliffs — in  fact,  one  can  almost  hear  their 
childish  cries  and  laughter.  And  some- 
where about  the  homes  we  can  imagine 
the  weavers  at  work  making  the  cotton 
cloth  and  the  feather  cloth,  specimens 
of  which  are  still  found  in  the  ruins.  At 
another  place  the  women  are  grinding 
corn  with  stones.  Out  in  the  open,  a  man 
is  sharpening  tools  and  weapons  on  a 
great  rock,  which  is  still  in  place.  Some 
of  the  inhabitants  are  at  work  in  the  fields, 
probably  on  the  mesa  above  the  dwelling, 
cultivating  the  corn,  pumpkins  and 
squashes,  the  evidences  of  which  are  so 
plentiful  in  the  debris.  At  another  place 
the  potters  are  carefully  fashioning  the 
vessels  which  they  made  in  such  per- 
fection, and  not  far  away  are  the  dec- 
orators, painstakingly  mixing  colors  and 
placing  designs  upon  the  ware.  There 
was  surely  the  hum  of  busy  life  on  the 
Mesa  Verde  in  the  old  days!  For  the  Cliff 
Dwellers  were  an  industrious  people. 
If  nothing  else,  the  construction  of  their 
houses  bears  conclusive  evidence  of  this; 
and  their  environment,  tending  to  a 
vigorous  life,  was  not  calculated  to  pro- 
duce an  anaemic  race.  In  the  primitive 
arts  they  had  made  remarkable  advances, 
and  it  is  to  be  regretted  that  they  had  not 
evolved  some  system  of  writing  more 
elaborate  than  the  simple  signs  which 

Page     five 


MESA  VERDE 
NATIONAL  PARK 

COLORADO 

Scale 


—  -  ...  Boundary 

Automobile  Roads 
Trails 


Page     six 


are  occasionally  found  on  their  walls. 
The  Mesa  Verde  is  Uncle  Sam's  only 
National  Park  created  for  the  preserva- 
tion of  antiquities,  although  there  are 
several  National  Monuments  that  have 
been  established  with  that  end  in  view. 
The  beautiful  scenery,  the  invigorating 
air,  and  the  camp  life,  with  its  maximum 
of  freedom  and  minimum  of  discomfort, 
rival  the  prehistoric  remains  themselves 
in  tending  to  make  a  vacation  spent  here 
of  great  value  to  the  individual  and  one 
long  to  be  remembered. 

The  Land  of  the  Cliff  Dwellers 

It  was  in  1874  that  W.  H.  Jackson,  then 
Government  photographer  with  Hayden's 
Geological  Survey,  found  numerous  small 
prehistoric  ruins  in  the  cliffs  on  the  sides 
of  the  Mancos  River  in  southwestern 
Colorado  and  wrote  an  excellent  account 
of  them  for  the  Annual  Report.  In  the 
following  year  Prof.  W.  H.  Holmes,  of 
the  Smithsonian  Institution,  made  an 
exploration  in  the  same  locality. 

It  was  not  until  1888,  however,  that 
Richard  Wetherill  and  Charley  Mason, 
cattle  men  living  near  Mancos,  accident- 
ally discovered  the  great  Cliff  Palace, 
farther  northward,  in  one  of  the  side 
canyons  leading  from  the  Mesa  Verde 
into  the  Mancos  River.  The  point  from 
which  they  got  their  first  glimpse  of  the 
majestic  ruin  tucked  away  in  a  great 


cavern  near  the  top  of  the  canyon  is  still 
pointed  out  on  the  opposite  side  near  the 
recently  excavated  Sun  Temple,  and  the 
visitor  who  first  sees  Cliff  Palace  from  this 
standpoint  can  well  imagine  the  cries  of 
amazement  and  admiration  that  must 
have  escaped  the  young  men's  lips  as  they 
gazed  upon  this  evidence  of  a  long-for- 
gotten people.  Spruce  Tree  House  was 
discovered  the  same  day,  and  others  later. 

In  1891,  Baron  Gustav  Nordenskib'ld, 
a  young  Swedish  scientist,  left  Stockholm 
for  a  trip  around  the  world,  but  he  got  no 
farther  than  America.  In  Colorado  he 
visited  the  Mesa  Verde,  and  his  sub- 
sequent explorations  in  that  region  took 
up  the  entire  summer.  His  investigations 
were  published  at  length  in  a  monumental 
work  (printed  in  1893  at  Stockholm,  but 
in  the  English  language)  entitled  "The 
Cliff  Dwellers  of  the  Mesa  Verde". 
Among  book  collectors  this  folio,  with  its 
fine  typography  and  superb  illustrations 
has  become  one  of  the  rarities.  It  can  be 
seen  in  most  of  the  large  libraries  and  is 
well  worth  examination.  Nordenskiold 
was  an  expert  photographer,  and  his  ex- 
cellent work  is  reproduced  throughout 
the  volume. 

Nordenskiold's  death  in  1895,  (two 
years  after  his  book  was  published)  at 
the  early  age  of  twenty-seven,  must  have 
been  a  distinct  loss  to  archaeological  re- 
search in  America.  Since  his  day  much 


BALCONY  HOUSE 
This  spectacular  ruin  is  in  a  cavern  high  up  on  the  side  of  a  canyon.     The  balcony  may  be  seen  at  the  farther  end. 

Pa  g  e     seven 


Page    eight 


CLIFF  PALACE 

A  view  from  the  opposite  side  of  Cliff  Canyon,  near  the  point  from  which 
some  stray  cattle.      This  is  the  largest  »« 


CMATIONAL   PARK 

rtjghted  in   1888  by  Richard  Wetherill  and  Charley   Mason,  who  were  seeking 

*l-eing  300  feet  long;  it  contained  200  rooms. 


\P  a  g  e    nine 


more  extensive  explorations  have  been 
made  on  the  Mesa  by  Dr.  Edgar  L. 
Hewett  and  other  ethnologists,  but  prin- 
cipally by  Dr.  J.  Walter  Fewkes,  Chief 
of  the  Bureau  of  American  Ethnology, 


Smithsonian  Institution.  The  larger  and 
more  accessible  ruins  have  been  cleared 
of  debris,  weak  walls  strengthened,  etc., 
and  it  is  now  an  easy  matter  for  the 
tourist  to  visit  and  examine  them. 


CENTRAL  PORTION  OF  CLIFF  PALACE 

At  the  right  is  the  Round  Tower;  at  the  left  the  Speaker  Chief's  House.      Near  the  center  is  a  rock  too  large  for  the 
primitive  builders  to  remove,  the  structure  having  been  erected  around  it. 


The  Mesa  and  the  Ruins 


The  prospective  visitor  to  the  Mesa  Verde 
should  disabuse  his  mind  of  the  impression,  which 
seems  to  prevail  generally,  that  this  portion 
of  Colorado  is  exceptionally  dry.  On  the  con- 
trary, it  is  one  of  the  best  watered  sections  of 
the  State,  and  as  a  consequence  the  Montezuma 
Valley,  in  which  the  Mesa  Verde  is  situated,  is  a 
favored  agricultural  district.  Trees  abound, 
and  it  seems  somewhat  strange  that  the  Spanish 
name  "Mesa  Verde"  ("green  tableland")  should 
have  been  given  to  the  particular  portion  where 
the  largest  prehistoric  habitations  are  found,  in 
view  of  the  fact  that  other  portions  of  the  Monte- 
zuma Valley  are  equally  green. 

The  railroad  gateway  to  Mesa  Verde  National 
Park  is  Mancos,  Colorado.  Leaving  this  point 
by  automobile,  the  road  leads  us  through  the 
open  farming  country  which  forms  the  pictur- 
esque little  Valley  of  the  Mancos  River.  This  is 
the  county  road  leading  to  Cortez,  the  county- 
seat,  twenty  miles  from  the  railroad.  We  leave  it, 
however,  a  few  miles  out  and,  turning  to  the  left 
on  the  new  Government  road,  soon  commence 
the  ascent  of  the  Mesa  Verde  near  its  northern 
extremity,  Point  Lookout.  From  the  top  we 
obtain  a  magnificent  view  of  the  great  valley  to 
the  east  and  north.  While  in  an  air  line  the 
main  group  of  Cliff  Dwellings  is  but  ten  miles 
southwest  of  Mancos.  the  journey  over  the  Mesa 
to  that  point  is  thirty-two  miles  because  of  the 


numerous  small  canyons  which  intervene,  neces- 
sitating alternate  turns  to  the  south  and  to  the 
north.  Presently  on  one  of  the  turns  south- 
ward we  obtain  a  view  of  the  actual  Cliff  Dwell- 
ing section.  Miles  to  the  south  we  see  what 
appear  to  be  white  streaks  among  the  green. 
These  are  really  the  tops  of  the  canyons  in  which 
the  prehistoric  structures  are  found,  although 
at  this  distance  there  is  practically  no  re- 
semblance to  the  gorges  as  seen  close  at  hand, 
and  the  uninitiated  invariably  have  to  be  told. 
But,  beyond,  there  are  beautiful  sights  in  the 
hazy  blues  and  purples  that  need  no  explanation, 
except  as  to  names  and  locations.  We  may  now 
enjoy  the  novelty  of  standing  in  one  State, 
Colorado,  and  looking  into  three  others — Utah, 
Arizona  and  New  Mexico.  This  is  the  only 
place  in  the  country  where  four  States  join  each 
other  at  right-angles. 

Far  to  the  south  rises  a  great  rock,  its  top  said 
to  be  1 ,800  feet  above  the  surrounding  plain, 
which  has  the  appearance  of  a  vessel  under  full 
sail.  This  is  Shiprock,  over  the  border  in  New 
Mexico.  Still  beyond  are  the  Chuckluck  and 
Carizo  Mountains  of  Arizona.  Close  to  us  on 
the  west  is  Ute  Mountain — also  called  "The 
Sleeping  Ute",  its  resemblance  to  a  human  figure 
lying  prone  upon  its  back,  with  folded  arms, 
flowing  hair  to  the  north  and  toes  to  the  south, 
being  most  remarkable.  Beyond  the  Ute  are  the 


Blue  Mountains  of  Utah,  which  in  days  gone  by 
were  the  refuge  of  evil-doers  seeking  to  evade 
justice.  Northwestward,  and  so  distant  that  the 
air  must  be  fairly  clear  to  render  them  visible, 
are  the  La  Sal  Mountains  in  the  same  State. 
To  the  north  is  Lone  Cone  Peak,  in  Colorado, 
and  to  the  right  of  it  the  Needle  Mountains, 
while  nearer  at  hand  and  to  the  east  are  the  La 
Plata  Mountains  in  the  vicinity  of  Durango. 
In  whatever  direction  you  look,  the  view  is 
sublime.  The  ride  over  the  beautiful  Mesa  in 
the  bracing  air  is  an  experience  in  itself.  An 
Easterner  recently  made  the  remark,  while 
passing  over  the  road,  that,  even  if  there  were 
nothing  unusual  to  be  seen  at  the  end  of  his  trip, 
this  drive  alone  was  worth  the  journey  from 
his  home. 

Just  before  arriving  at  the  more  densely  wood- 
ed portion  of  the  Mesa  to  the  south,  we  cross  an 
open  tract  in  which  numerous  low  mounds  are 
visible,  and  the  sharp  eye  will  detect  stones 
that  have  an  angular  shape.  Each  of  these 
mounds  was  once  a  structure  in  which  the  pre- 
historic inhabitants  took  pride.  For  what 
mortal  could  spend  days  upon  days  so  carefully 
shaping  and  smoothing  with  primitive  tools 
the  rocks  for  his  home  and  then  as  carefully 
placing  them  stone  upon  stone  with  his  especially 
prepared  mortar,  without  feeling  on  completion 
even  more  satisfaction  than  we  experience  in  our 
far  superior  abodes? 

It  has  been  said  that,  if  all  these  mounds  could 
be  excavated,  our  present  road  would  be  leading 
us  through  a  district  strewn  with  prehistoric 
remains.  One  of  the  largest  of  the  mounds  was 
opened  in  1916  by  Dr.  Fewkes  and  found  to 
contain  a  unique  and  very  remarkable  structure. 

We  are  soon  threading  our  way  through  the 
cedars  and  pinyons.  The  former  are  hoary  old 
veterans,  with  shaggy  coats,  twisted  trunks 
and  limbs — in  fact,  some  of  their  limbs  are  dead, 
while  others  still  tenaciously  cling  to  the  life 
which  they  seem  loth  to  leave.  These  old  cedars, 
or  junipers,  are  the  trees  that  might  tell  us  a  tale, 
if  only  they  could  speak.  The  pinyons  are 
younger  and  probably  have  nothing  to  say. 

Having  left  Mancos  at  2:00  o'clock  in  the 
afternoon,  by  5:00  the  automobile  is  at  Spruce 
Tree  Camp,  where  good  accommodations  will  be 
found.  Tents  with  raised  floors  and  numerous 
conveniences  are  provided,  and  meals  are  served 
in  a  large  frame  building  close  at  hand.  A  roomy 
protection  is  provided  for  automobiles.  There 
are  electric  lights  and  also  telephone  connection 
with  the  outside  world.  Near  the  brink  of  the 
canyon  is  the  museum,  of  appropriate  log  con- 
struction. On  the  spacious  veranda  of  the 
museum  one  can  sit  at  ease  and  look  down  and 
across  the  canyon  upon  the  imposing  ruin  of 
Spruce  Tree  House  in  its  picturesque  setting  of 
green. 

Spruce  Tree  House 

Spruce  Tree  House,  one  of  the  largest  of  the 
ruins,  is  situated  a  few  hundred  yards  down  the 
canyon  from  Spruce  Tree  Camp.  It  is  very 
easily  reached  by  a  most  attractive,  shaded  trail. 
At  the  head  of  the  canyon  under  a  great  over- 
hanging ledge,  is  a  fine  spring  of  cold  water. 
One  feature  of  the  Mesa  Verde  is  its  abundant 
supply  of  good  drinking  water,  every  one  of  the 
principal  Cliff  Dwellings  having  a  spring  either  in 
the  cave  itself  or  close  at  hand. 


Spruce  Tree  House  is  2 16  feet  long  and  89  feet 
wide  at  its  greatest  width.  There  have  been 
counted  114  rooms  and  eight  kivas.  In  places 
the  structure  was  three  stories  high,  and  it  is 
estimated  to  have  housed  350  people.  Probably 
the  first  features  to  attract  our  attention  are  the 
circular  openings,  averaging  perhaps  fifteen  feet 
in  diameter.  These  are  the  kivas  mentioned 
above.  They  were  underground  and  are  sup- 
posed to  have  been  used  as  gathering  places  by 
the  men  of  the  different  clans,  also  for  secret 
ceremonials. 

The  doors  and  windows  of  all  the  dwellings 
will  be  found  very  interesting.  They  are  usually 
small  and  well  made.  A  modern  architect  has 
pointed  out  that  these  primitive  people  had 
discovered  the  use  of  the  sill  and  lintel  in  making 
these  openings,  but  not  of  the  jamb.  Some  of 
them  are  rectangular,  while  others  are  in  the 
unique  Cliff  Dwelling  style  of  a  T.  with  the 
upper  portion  shortened.  A  large  cross  of  this 
character  is  found  painted  in  red  on  the  wall  of 
one  of  the  rooms  in  Spruce  Tree  House. 

Another  curious  feature  in  their  construction 
work  is  the  fact  that  in  laying  their  courses  of 
stone  they  did  not  systematically  break  the  joints 
— such  breaking  as  was  done  appears  to  have 
been  accidental.  Yet  the  walls  held  together 
remarkably  well. 

In  some  of  the  rooms  small  port-holes  will  be 
found,  sometimes  placed  at  an  angle  oblique  to 
the  wall.  It  would  appear  beyond  question 
that  these  were  for  defensive  purposes. 

Cliff  Palace 

Cliff  Palace,  the  largest  of  the  Mesa  Verde 
Cliff  Dwellings,  is  at  the  head  of  Cliff  Canyon, 
and,  as  usual,  in  a  great  cave  on  the  side  of  the 
cliff,  and  near  the  top.  It  is  preferable  for  one 
to  get  his  first  view  of  this  ruin  from  across  the 
canyon,  near  Sun  Temple,  that  being  the  point 
from  which  the  discoverers  first  caught  sight  of 
it  in  1888.  From  that  vantage  ground,  showing 
the  castle-like  walls  and  towers  in  the  great  cavity 
on  the  side  of  the  canyon,  with  the  green  pinyons 
and  cedars  above  and  below,  it  is  easy  to  under- 
stand why  its  discoverers  named  it  "Cliff 
Palace". 

The  structure  is  approximately  300  feet  long 
and  is  estimated  to  have  contained  200  rooms, 
including  23  kivas.  Its  cave  is  an  enormous 
one,  arching  from  50  to  1 00  feet  above  it.  Across 
the  canyon  is  Sun  Temple.  At  a  fine  viewpoint 
just  before  descending  to  Cliff  Palace  will  be 
observed  the  plate  of  the  U.  S.  Geological  Survey 
showing  the  elevation  as  6,789  feet — a  com- 
bination quite  easy  to  remember. 

Three  of  the  outstanding  features  of  Cliff 
Palace  are  the  Square  Tower,  the  Round  Tower 
and  the  "Speaker  Chief's  House",  occupying 
different  positions  throughout  the  structure. 
The  first  contains  some  painted  signs  that  are  of 
interest. 

Another  feature  is  the  large  number  of  kivas. 
It  is  said  that  there  was  a  numerical  relationship 
between  the  population  and  the  number  of  kivas 
in  a  cliff  dwelling.  I n  Cliff  Palace  no  space  which 
could  be  used  for  the  construction  of  such  a 
chamber  seems  to  have  been  overlooked. 

Usually  the  kivas  and  forward  rooms  are 
smoothly  plastered,  but  it  is  interesting  to 
examine  the  rear  walls  and  see  the  hand  work 
where  the  builders  were  less  careful.  The  prints 

Page     eleven 


SUN  TEMPLE 

A  ruin,  evidently  intended  for  religious  purposes,  excavated  in  1915.     The  walls,  of  carefully  cut  red  stone,  are  double. 

four  feet  thick,  and  in  places  nearly  twelve  feet  high.      At  the  left  may  be  seen  the  stump  of 

a  cedar  found  growing  from  the  wall;  it  contains  360  annual  rings. 


of  the  fingers  may  be  plainly  seen,  and  in  some 
places  the  actual  grain  of  the  skin  is  still  in 
evidence. 

Balcony  House 

In  Soda  Canyon,  at  a  point  two  and  one-half 
miles  from  Spruce  Tree  Camp,  is  Balcony  House. 
This  ruin,  while  not  so  large  as  Cliff  Palace  and 
Spruce  Tree  House,  occupies  a  most  spectacular 
site  high  up  on  the  side  of  the  canyon  and 
possesses  features  which  are  distinctly  its  own. 
One  of  these  is  the  "balcony",  at  an  elevation  of 
about  six  feet  above  the  floor  in  one  end  of  the 
structure,  from  which  point  a  beautiful  view 
is  presented  out  over  the  canyon. 

Balcony  House  is  easily  entered  by  ladders. 
But  the  ancient  inhabitants  used  a  strange 
entrance  at  the  southern  end.  This  was  through 
a  crevice  between  the  canyon  wall  and  an 
enormous  rock,  thirty  feet  or  more  in  height, 
which  had  broken  away  from  the  side  and  had 
found  lodgment  sufficient  to  prevent  its  falling 
to  the  bottom  of  the  canyon  far  below.  Both 
exterior  and  interior  ends  of  this  crevice  were 
walled  up  by  the  Cliff  Dwellers,  with  the  ex- 
ception of  a  very  small  rectangular  opening  at  the 
base,  through  which  it  is  necessary  to  crawl 
prostrate.  High  above  the  outside  of  the 
entrance  is  a  porthole,  and  behind  this  is  a 
platform,  from  which  a  prehistoric  sharpshooter 
could  do  deadly  work  in  protecting  the  village 
behind  him.  Some  distance  from  the  outer  end 
of  the  entrance  the  ancient  trail  to  the  top  of  the 
canyon  is  plainly  visible. 

Sun  Temple 

In  1915  Dr.  Fewkes  opened  a  large  mound  on 
a  promontory  across  the  canyon  from  Cliff 
Palace.  This  mound,  which  was  covered  with 


trees  and  other  growth,  had  been  known  to 
tain  a  ruin  of  some  sort,  but  not  even 
Fewkes  was  prepared  for  the  development  t 
followed.  The  structure  disclosed  is  in  the  f 
of  the  letter  "D",  with  the  flat  side  toward  t 
south.  The  walls  are  of  red  stone,  carefully  c 
They  are  double,  four  feet  thick,  and  from  five 
nearly  twelve  feet  high.  The  front  is  1 3 1  feet  1 
This  building,  of  a  type  found  nowhere  else  on 
Mesa  Verde,  had  evidently  been  erected  accord- 
ing to  a  pre-arranged  plan.  Several  theories 
have  been  advanced  as  to  its  use,  but  it  is  now 
generally  accepted  that  it  was  built  for  religious 
purposes,  and  this  is  strengthened  by  the  finding 
of  a  stone  on  which  is  a  fossil  palm-leaf,  adjoining 
the  southwestern  corner  of  the  structure.  This 
fossil  had  been  enclosed  with  stones  on  three 
sides,  giving  it  somewhat  the  appearance  of  an 
altar.  It  is  considered  that  the  prehistoric 
shippers  regarded  the  shape  of  the  fossi 
representative  of  the  sun. 

During  the  excavation  a  red  cedar  tree 
found  growing  out  of  the  wall  near  its  hig 
point.    This  was  cut  down  and  found  to  cont 
360  annual  rings.      Of  course  the  building 
been   abandoned  before  the  tree  sprouted, 
how    long    a    time    had    elapsed     between 
abandonment   and    the    sprouting    no   one    can 
tell. 

Oak  Tree  (Willow)  House  and  Painted 
House 

These  are  two  very  interesting,  though  smaller, 
ruins  in  Fewkes  Canyon  not  far  from  Sun 
Temple.  The  former  is  sometimes  called 
"Willow  House"  because  of  the  willow  withes 
in  the  mortar  of  one  of  the  walls  in  which  no 
stones  were  used,  being  virtually  an  instance  of 
prehistoric  "reinforcement."  Painted  House  is 


>f  an 

but 
the 


Page      twelve 


a  short  distance  farther  up  the  canyon,  near  its 
head,  and  is  distinguished  for  its  painted  walls, 
some  most  interesting  figures  of  animals  being 
visible  in  one  of  the  rooms. 

Square  Tower  (Peabody)  House 

This  ruin,  also  with  characteristics  of  its  own, 
is  in  Navajo  Canyon,  three  miles  from  Spruce 
Tree  Camp.  One  of  its  principal  features  is  the 
square  tower,  several  stories  high.  Square  Tower 
House  has  never  been  cleared  of  debris,  and  con- 
tains one  kiva  on  which  the  roof  is  partly  in 
place,  distinctly  showing  the  ingenious  method 
of  construction. 

Far  View  House 

With  the  exception  of  Sun  Temple  and  Far 
View  House,  the  ruins  now  visible  in  Mesa  Verde 
National  Park  are  all  in  caverns  on  the  sides  of 
the  canyons.  A  few  years  ago  Far  View  House 
was  one  of  a  number  of  mounds,  called  the 
"Mummy  Lake  Group"  (the  "lake"  having  been 
a  prehistoric  reservoir),  four  and  one-half  miles 
north  of  Spruce  Tree  Camp.  In  1916  Dr.  Fewkes 
excavated  this  mound  and  discovered  a  rect- 
angular pueblo  1 1 3  feet  long  by  1 00  feet  wide. 
The  building  was  terraced  and  at  one  end  was 
three  stories  high.  The  fire  places  and  stones  for 
grinding  corn  may  still  be  seen  in  the  highest 
room.  Less  than  a  hundred  feet  from  one  corner 
lies  the  cemetery,  from  which  were  taken  a 
number  of  skeletons  with  their  customary  offer- 
ings of  food  bowls  and  other  objects.  Fifteen 
other  mounds  have  been  counted  in  Mummy 
Lake  village,  and  other  towns  of  the  same 
character  may  be  seen  from  this  point. 

A  Prehistoric  Watch  Tower 

This  is  a  most  interesting  structure,  largely 
on  account  of  its  individuality.  It  is  round  and 


occupies  the  top  of  a  conical-shaped  rock  on  the 
side  of  Navajo  Canyon.  There  are  no  dwellings 
in  the  immediate  vicinity,  1 1  is  a  question  in  the 
minds  of  some  ethnologists  whether  it  was  used 
for  watching  purposes,  as  structures  of  this  shape 
are  considered  to  have  some  relation  to  the  re- 
ligion of  the  early  inhabitants.  The  Tower  is 
about  three  miles  from  Spruce  Tree  Camp  and  ia 
reached  by  a  good  trail. 

Spring  House 

This  is  a  very  fine,  large  ruin  in  Long  Canyon, 
approximately  five  miles  from  Spruce  Tree  Camp. 
It  has  never  been  cleared  of  debris;  when  this  is 
done,  it  will  undoubtedly  present  a  striking 
appearance.  A  good  spring  of  cold  water  at  the 
back  of  the  cavern  accounts  for  the  name. 
There  is  a  good  trail  to  Spring  House,  and  it 
makes  a  most  interesting  one-day  trip.  The 
Natural  Bridge  is  directly  below. 

The  Natural  Bridge 

This  is  an  interesting  feature  of  the  Mesa 
Verde  which  was  located  only  a  few  years  ago. 
It  is  in  Long  Canyon  directly  below  Spring 
House.  The  distance  from  end  to  end  under  the 
arch  is  ninety  feet,  and  the  height  is  twenty-five. 
The  Bridge  is  reached  by  trail  only. 

Other  Ruins 

There  are  very  many  other  ruins,  of  varying 
sizes,  in  the  Park  and  adjacent  thereto,  many 
of  which,  because  of  their  being  almost  inacces- 
sible, have  scarcely  been  visited  in  modern  times, 
and  some  no  doubt  have  not  been  entered  at  all 
since  their  abandonment  centuries  ago.  A  num- 
ber of  these  can  be  seen  from  the  larger  ruins 
described  above. 


A  large  ruin  not  yet  cleared  of  debris.    When  cleared,  some  interesting  discoveries  undoubtedly  will  be 
is  a  cold  spring  between  the  rear  of  the  structure  and  the  wall  of  the  cavern. 


There 


Page      thirteen 


Transportation  and  Accommodations 

Auto  stages  of  the  Mesa  Verde  Transportation  Com- 
pany operate  daily  between  the  railroad  station  at  Mancos. 
Colo.,  and  Spruce  Tree  Camp  in  Mesa  Verde  National 
Park;  distance  32  miles;  time  required  three  hours.  Con- 
nections are  made  with  trains  in  each  direction.  Auto 
stages  leave  the  railroad  station  at  2:00  P.  M.  and  the 
Camp  at  8:00  A.  M.  The  round-trip  fare  from  Mancos 
to  Spruce  Tree  Camp  is  $10.00,  which  includes  auto 
service  from  the  Camp  to  Cliff  Palace.  Balcony  House. 
Sun  Temple  and  Square  Tower  House. 

Spruce  Tree  Camp  (adjacent  to  Spruce  Tree  House 
ruin),  is  operated  by  Oddie  L.  Jeep  (postoffice  address, 
Mancos.  Colo);  rate  $4.00  per  day.  American  plan. 

During  the  summer  season,  round-trip  excursion 
tickets  at  reduced  fares  are  sold  to  Mancos  or  through  to 
Mesa  Verde  National  Park  as  destination.  Passengers 
visiting  the  Park  as  a  side-trip,  in  connection  with  journeys 
to  other  destinations,  will  find  stop-over  privileges  available 
on  round-trip  or  one-way  tickets. 

From  many  sections  trips  may  be  planned  to  include 
visits  to  two  or  more  of  the  following  National  Parks  in 
the  Rocky  Mountain  region:  Mesa  Verde.  Glacier.  Yellow- 
atone  and  Rocky  Mountain. 

Time  Required  to  See  the  Ruins 
Leaving  Mancos  at  2:00  P.  M.  and  arriving  Spruce 
Tree  Camp  at  5:00  P.  M.  permits  of  visiting  Spruce  Tree 
House,  near  at  hand,  the  same  evening.  Next  day  Balcony 
House.  Square  Tower  House.  Sun  Temple  and  Cliff  Palace 
may  be  visited  by  auto,  being  distant  from  two  to  three 
miles.  Leaving  for  Mancos  at  8:00  A.  M.  the  following  day. 
Far  View  House  may  be  visited  en  route.  Not  less  than 
thirty-six  hours  should  be  spent  in  the  Park,  and  longer 
time  is  desirable. 

Season 

The  season  in  Mesa  Verde  National  Park  extends 
from  May  I  to  October  31. 

Park  Administration 

Mesa  Verde  National  Park  is  under  the  jurisdiction  of 
the  Director,  National  Park  Service,  Department  of  the 
Interior.  Washington,  D.  C.  The  Park  Superintendent  is 
located  at  Mancos,  Colo. 

U.  S.  Government  Publications 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained  from  the 
Superintendent     of     Documents,      Government      Printing 
Office.   Washington.   D.   C..  at  the  prices  given.      Remit- 
tances should  be  made  by  money  order  or  in  cash: 
Antiquities  of  the  Mesa  Verde  National  Park:   Spruce  Tree 
House,    by    J.    W.    Fewkes.       58    pages,    illustrated. 
40  cents. 


Park-   Cliff 
illustrated 


Antiquities     of     the     Mesa     Verde     National 

Palace,    by    J.    W.    Fewkes.      82    pages 

45  cents. 
Excavation  and  Repair  of  Sun  Temple.  Mesa  Verde 

National  Park,  by  J.  W.  Fewkes.    32  pages,  illustrated. 

15  cents. 
National  Parks  Portfolio,  by  Robert  Sterling  Yard.  260 

pages,  270  illustrations;  descriptive  of  nine  National 

Parks.       Pamphlet    edition.    35    cents;    book    edition 

55  cents. 
Panoramic  view  of  Mesa  Verde  National  Park;  22  '/2  by  19 

inches;  25  cents. 

The  following  may  be  obtained  from  the  Director  of 
the  United  States  Geological  Survey.  Washington.  D.  C.. 
at  price  given: 
Map  of  Mesa  Verde  National  Park;  31  by  46  inches;  scale. 

one-half  mile  to  the  inch.      20  cents. 


The  following  publications  may  be  obtained  free  on 
written  application  to  the  Director  of  the  National  Park 
Service.  Washington.  D.  C..  or  by  personal  application  to 
the  superintendent  of  the  park: 

Circular    of    General    Information    regarding  Mesa  Verde 

National  Park. 

Glimpses  of  our  National  Parks.  48  pages,  illustrated. 
Map  showing  location  of  National  Parks  and  Monuments 

and  railroad  routes  thereto. 

U.  S.  R.  R.  Administration  Publications 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained  free  on 
application  to  any  Consolidated  Ticket  Office;  or  apply  to 
the  Bureau  of  Service.  National  Parks  and  Monuments,  or 
Travel  Bureau — Western  Lines.  646  Transportation  Build- 
ing. Chicago.  111.: 

Arizona  and  New  Mexico  Rockies. 
California  for  the  Tourist. 
Colorado  and  Utah  Rockies. 
Crater  Lake  National  Park,  Oregon. 
Glacier  National  Park,  Montana. 
Grand  Canyon  National  Park,  Arizona. 
Hawaii  National  Park,  Hawaiian  Islands. 
Hot  Springs  National  Park,  Arkansas. 
Mesa  Verde  National  Park.  Colorado. 
Mount  Rainier  National  Park,  Washington. 
Northern  Lakes — Wisconsin.  Minnesota.  Upper  Michi 

Iowa  and  Illinois. 
Pacific  Northwest  and  Alaska. 
Petrified  Forest  National  Monument.  Arizona. 
Rocky  Mountain  National  Park,  Colorado. 
Sequoia  and  General  Grant  National  Parks.  California. 
Yellowstone   National   Park,  Wyoming.  Montana, 


Yosemite  National  Park,  California. 
Zion  National  Monument,  Utah. 


A  GROUP  OF  RELICS  TAKEN  FROM  THE  RUINS 
The  twelve  large  jars  were  found  recently  in  a  ruin  which  had  never  been  entered  in  modern  times.      They  were  discovered 

arranged  in  order  in  one  room,  as  though  stored  for  future  use. 
Page     fourteen 


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KAHOOLAVWE 

PACIFIC    0  CIA      "AW     ' 
THE   HAWAftAN   ISLANDS 


The  National  Parks  at  a  Glance 


United    States    Railroad    Administration 

Director  General  of  Railroads 

For  particulars  as  to  fares,  train  schedules,  etc.,  apply  to  any  Railroad  Ticket  Agent,  or  to  any 
of  the  following  Consolidated  Ticket  Offices: 

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Oklahoma  City.  Okla. 

131  W.  Grand  Ave 
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.nz.  aioux  ^ity,   low 

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Pittsburgh.  Pa 

Reading.  Pa 

Rochester.  N.  Y.. 
Syracuse.  N.  Y.  .  . 

Toledo.  Ohio 

Washington.  D.  C. 
Williamsport.  P 


.1539  Chestnut  St. 

.  .Arcade  Building 
....I6N.  Fifth  St. 

20  State  St. 

.  .University  Block 
.320  Madison  Ave. 

.  1229  FSt.  N.  W. 

.4th  and  Pine  Sts. 


Asheville.  N.  C 14  S.  Polk  Square 

Atlanta.  Ga 74  Peachtree  St. 

Augusta.  Ga 811   Broad  St. 

Birmingham,  Ala 2010  1st  Ave. 

Charleston.  S.  C Charleston  Hotel 

Charlotte.  N.  C 22  S.  Tryon  St. 

Chattanooga.  Tenn 817  Market  St. 

Columbia.  S.  C Arcade  Building 

Jacksonville.  Fla 38  W.  Bay  St. 


South 

Knoxville.    Tenn 600  Gay  St. 

Lexington.  Ky Union  Station 

Louisville,  Ky.  .  .  .4th  and  Market  Sts. 

Lynchburg.  Va 722  Main  St. 

Memphis.  Tenn 60  N.  Main  St. 

Mobile.  Ala 51   S.  Royal  St. 

Montgomery.  Ala Exchange  Hotel 

Nashville.  Tenn.  Independent  Life  Bldg. 
New  Orleans.  La St.  Charles  Hotel 


Wilmington.  Del 905  Market  St. 


Paducah.  Ky 430  Broadway 

Pensacola.  Fla San  Carlos  Hotel 

Raleigh.  N.  C 305  LaFayette  St. 

Richmond.  Va 830  E.  Main  St. 

Savannah.  Ga 37  Bull  St. 

Sheffield.  Ala Sheffield  Hotel 

Tampa.  Fla Hillsboro  Hotel 

Vicksburg.  Miss.  .1319  Washington  St. 
Winston-Salem.  N.  C..  236  N.  Main  St. 


For  detailed  information  regarding  National  Parks  and  Monuments  address  Bureau  of  Service, 
National  Parks  and  Monuments,  or  Travel  Bureau — Western  Lines,  646  Transportation  Bldg., 
Chlcag°-  Page  fifteen 


PRESS   OF  W.   J.    HARTMAN    CO..  CHICAGO 


A  GLIMPSE  OF  SPRUCE  TREE  HOUSE 

This  ruin  is  a  short  distance  down  the  canyon  from  Spruce  Tree  Camp  and  is  reached  by 
an  easy  trail  through  the  trees. 


1  _ 


MI  RAINIER 

National   Park 


SHIMOTONT 


UNITED  STATES  RAILROAD  ADMINISTRATION 

NATIONAL  PAR.KL          SERIES 


Page    two 


An  Appreciation  of 

Mount  Rainier  National  Park 

By  GILBERT  H.  GROSVENOR,  Editor,  National  Geographic  Magazine 

Written  Especially  for  the  United  States  Railroad  Administration 

AHOMA— the  Mountain  That  Was  God!  Thus  the 
aboriginal  Indians  christened  the  sublimely  majestic  peak 
which  broods  over  one  of  earth's  most  beautiful  play- 
grounds—  Mount  Rainier  National  Park. 

All  of  America's  great  parks  extend  to  our  people  an  almost  irresist- 
ible invitation,  truly  irresistible  if  the  individual  has  in  his  soul  the 
llove  of  wide  spaces,  beautiful  vistas,  forests,  mountains,  rocks,  streams 
and  flowers;  but  no  other  offers  to  the  wayfarer,  the  traveler  and  the 
:seeker  of  recreation  so  easily  accessible  a  variety  of  charms,  of  creature 
comforts  and  of  scenic  grandeur  as  this  wonderful  preserve,  with  its 
snow-capped  mountain  towering  nearly  three  miles  above  the  sea;  with 
its  more  than  a  score  of  glaciers  tracing  with  fingers  of  ice  the  wrinkles 
of  centuries  upon  the  granite  face  of  the  heights;  with  its  Paradise 
Valley  carpeted  with  myriad  wild  flowers  of  every  hue;  with  its  un- 
limited diversions  of  camp  life,  mountain  climbing,  ice  cave  explora- 
tions, skiing  and  snowshoeing  in  midsummer,  and  automobiling  mile 
jpon  mile  over  perfect  roads,  through  giant  forests,  skirting  the  brow 
}f  overhanging  ledges,  and  to  the  trickling  waters  of  the  melting  glaciers 
themselves. 

The  glories  of  mountain-and-valley  scenery  in  the  Swiss  Alps  excel 
:he  beauties  of  Mount  Rainier  National  Park  in  only  one  particular— 
:he  fact  that  they  enjoy  the  advantage  of  a  thousand  years  of  advan- 
tageous advertising.  Some  day  our  people  are  going  to  waken  to  the 
ealization  that  in  our  own  America,  our  Land  of  the  Best,  Nature  has 
jiven  us  scenic  charms  and  natural  wonders  which  surpass  those  of 
;very  other  land.  Mount  Rainier  National  Park  is  a  matchless  proof  of 
his  statement.  I  wish  no  lover  of  the  great  outdoors  would  accept  my 
vord  for  this;  he  should  verify  these  superlatives  about  Mount  Rainier 
National  Park  by  personal  observation  this  summer. 


I 


To  the  American  People: 

Uncle  Sam  asks  you  to  be  his  guest.  He  has  prepared  for  you  the 
choice  places  of  this  continent — places  of  grandeur,  beauty  and  of 
wonder.  He  has  built  roads  through  the  deep-cut  canyons  and  beside 
happy  streams,  which  will  carry  you  into  these  places  in  comfort,  and 
has  provided  lodgings  and  food  in  the  most  distant  and  inaccessible 
places  that  you  might  enjoy  yourself  and  realize  as  little  as  possible 
the  rigors  of  the  pioneer  traveler's  life.  These  are  for  you.  They  are 
the  playgrounds  of  the  people.  To  see  them  is  to  make  more  hearty 
your  affection  and  admiration  for  America. 


Secretary  of  me  Interior 


E  who  seeks  a  renewal  of 
spirit  in  the  vast  world  of 
out-of-doors,  who  reads  the 
messages  written  on  Nature's 
tables  of  stone,  who  hears 
music  in  the  waterfall,  who  studies 
perfection  as  expressed  in  the  dew- 
sprinkled  flower,  and  who  sees,  in  the 
pearly  whiteness  of  mountain  summits, 
a  symbol  of  all  things  pure,  may  attain 
his  ideals  in  the  mountains  of  Wash- 
ington. 

Up  through  forests  of  fir  and  cedar  the 
foothills  rise,  wave  on  wave,  like  a  great 
green  sea.  Above  this  sea  towers  the 
giant  snow-crowned  summit  of  Rainier. 

Mo.unt  Rainier — the  Pacific  North 
Coast  crowning  landmark  —  is  the  most 
titanic,  extinct  volcano  in  America  out- 
side of  Alaska.  Rising,  snow-mantled, 
nearly  three  miles  into  the  air  from  an 
evergreen  forest  base,  which  slopes  to 
Puget  Sound,  its  beauty  and  grandeur 
are  supremely  impressive. 

With  a  mystery  and  majesty  pecul- 
iarly its  own,  Rainier  holds  sway  over  all 
its  kindred.  It  became  king  of  the  north- 
ern mountains  geologic  ages  ago,  when 
a  mighty  upheaval  rent  the  earth 
asunder.  Born  of  a  fiery  conflict,  the 
heat  of  those  fires  has  cooled,  and  the 
glistening,  snow-crowned  summit  of 
today  bears  little  resemblance  to  the 
molten  mass  of  ages  ago. 


Pa  He     four 


National  Park 


unt 


Nowhere  on  the  globe  can  such 
variety  of  Nature's  masterpieces  be  en- 
joyed, and  of  all  pleasurable  places  along 
the  Pacific,  none  is  more  inspiring  than 
Mount  Rainier  National  Park. 

It  is  a  delightful  region,  composed  of 
parks,  mountains,  woods,  summer-lands, 
lakes,  waterfalls,  tumbling  rivers,  and 
living  glaciers,  made  easily  accessible  by 
roads,  trails  and  by-paths. 

The  lover  of  mountain  scenery  will 
find  never-to-be-forgotten  pictures 
this  National  Park.  Seen  from  Pu 
Sound,  the  impressiveness  of  Mou 
Rainier  is  due  to  its  being  situated  a 
dozen  miles  west  of  the  crest  of  the 
Cascade  Range,  on  the  forested  plain 
sloping  to  tidewater.  From  viewpoi 
distant  fifty  to  a  hundred  miles, 
appears  to  rise  directly  from  sea  level,  so 
insignificant  seem  the  ridges  about  its 
base.  The  white  uplift  is  unspeakably 
awe-compelling.  1 1  towers  alone,  distinct 
and  commanding  —  far  surpassing  in 
height  all  peaks  within  sweep  of  the  eye. 
Only  a  few  of  the  world's  great  moun- 
tains stand  thus  detached,  and  none  has 
a  more  inspiring  setting. 

Little  wonder  that  the  child-like  mind 
of  the  Indian,  unable  to  understand  t 
mountain,  unable  to  explain  its  volca 
origin     and     its     unusual     phenomen 
should    deify   it!       Surely   the   park-like 
spaces  that  hang  like  a  mammoth  fl 


Columbia  Crest,  the  highest  point  of  Mount  Rainier,  is  14.408  feet  above  sea  level,    and  is  the  source  of  six  primary 
glaciers  which  descend  to  the  base  of  the  mountain 


wreath  between  timber  and  snow  were 
the  fitting  tabernacle  of  a  God.  And  did 
not  a  beneficent  God  direct  the  streams 
pouring  out  from  under  the  glaciers, 
from  which  the  aborigine  obtained  most 
of  his  food  and  which  afforded  him 
highways  through  the  forests?  When 
storms  came  and  the  land  was  darkened, 
he  saw  the  great  clouds  gather  around 
the  summit,  and  the  mountain  hid  its 
face.  After  the  storm  was  ended  and  his 
beautiful  land,  with  its  hundreds  of  miles 
of  inland  seas,  was  flooded  with  sunshine, 
the  mountain  came  out  of  the  clouds, 
its  splendor  renewed.  Always  it  was 
there,  watching  over  him,  ever  changing, 
yet  always  the  same. 

And  who  is  there  today  to  deny  that 
this  is  holy  ground?  Surely  that  which  is 
one  of  the  most  perfect  of  Nature's  pro- 
ductions and  which  leads  the  mind  to 
higher,  nobler  thoughts,  is  entitled  to  our 
reverence.  Yet  we  need  not  worship 
from  afar,  as  the  Indian  did.  Beautiful 
as  this  mountain  is  from  the  distance, 
those  beauties  are  increased  by  a  closer 
acquaintance. 

In  the  upper  forests  the  wonder 
flowers  appear,  becoming  dense  with  the 
higher  altitude,  until  everywhere,  as  far 
as  the  eye  can  sweep,  there  is  a  sea  of 
blooms  of  all  colors.  They  reach  in 
billows  clear  to  the  snow  line.  Some 


follow  the  snow  so  closely  that  they  may 
be  found  blooming  along  its  edge  or  even 
in  the  smaller  snow  fields,  while  others 
climb  the  mountain  sides  far  above  the 
snow  line  and  bloom  in  sheltered  niches 
amid  masses  of  rock  and  ice. 

A  visit  to  the  summit  of  this  extinct 
volcano  cannot  fail  to  be  impressive. 
There  are  two  craters,  the  larger  1 ,600 
feet  in  diameter.  From  the  rim  between 
the  two,  rises  an  immense  mound  of 
snow  known  as  Columbia  Crest;  this  is 
the  mountain's  summit. 

Nature,  the  supreme  landscape  archi- 
tect, has  given  this  glacier-clad  landmark 
an  evergreen-forest  setting,  adorned  with 
vast  masses  of  flowers  which  form  scenic 
combinations  impossible  to  portray  by 
word  or  picture.  No  vocabulary,  no 
camera,  no  pencil,  no  brush  can  do  more 
than  suggest  what  one  can  see  in  this 
Wonderland.  Hence  you  should  see 
it  for  yourself  and,  if  possible,  climb  to 
the  top. 

The  sensation  of  having  accomplished 
the  ascent  of  the  mountain  has  been  best 
described  by  Maj.  E.  S.  Ingraham,  who 
was  one  of  the  first  to  climb  Mount 
Rainier,  and  has  since  made  the  ascent 
many  times. 

"After  long  hours  of  incessant 
climbing  I  stand  on  the  crest.  A  cold 
wind  pierces  my  tired  body  to  the  mar- 


-Page     fiv 


row,  yet  my  soul  forgets  the  discomforts 
of  its  inhabitation  and  surges  and  ex- 
pands. Around  me  slumber  the  snows 
of  a  century,  yielding  not  to  winter's 
blast  nor  summer's  heat.  One  law  alone 
they  obey,  that  causes  the  apple  to  fall 
and  the  planets  to  keep  their  appointed 
places.  Inch  by  inch  they  are  dragged 
down  the  mountain's  rock-ribbed  side 
until  they  form  the  slow-moving  glacier. 
The  stunted  trees  upon  the  glacier's 
bank  have  grown  old,  beckoning  it  on- 
ward. The  flowers  of  a  hundred  summers 
have  smiled  upon  it  and  bid  it  welcome. 
Yet  it  pauses  not  nor  yet  hastens.  When 
the  snows  upon  which  I  now  stand 
shall  have  reached  the  silver  stream 
far  below,  our  children's  children  may 
listen  to  its  murmuring." 


Two-Day  Trip  to  the  Park 


is 


Mount  Rainier  National  Park 
connected  by  automobile  stages  of  the 
Rainier  National  Park  Company  with 
Ashford,  Wash.,  a  railroad  station  about 
three  hours'  ride  from  Tacoma  and  four 
hours  from  Seattle,  Wash.,  and  six  miles 
from  the  Park  entrance. 

The  ride,  by  auto-stage,  from  Ashford 
to  Longmire  Springs,  near  the  foot  of  the 
mountain,  at  any  hour  of  the  day  or  by 
moonlight,  is  a  treasured  memory.  Take 
it  as  often  as  you  may,  it  is  always  a  new 


delight.  The  route  is  across  the  upper 
Nisqually  Valley,  with  its  miniature 
fertile  farms  formerly  covered  by  firs 
and  pines,  thence  through  the  primeval 
forest.  At  the  Park  Entrance  a  stop  is 
made  for  registration.  This  formality 
is  soon  over,  the  Park  Ranger  Quarters 
are  admired,  and  the  auto-stage  continues 
along  the  dancing  Nisqually,  crossing  a 
recrossing,  affording  ever-changing  vi 
of  the  mountain,  until  the  arrival 
Longmire  Springs  in  time  for  lunch 
At  Longmire  Springs  are  located  Natio 
Park  Inn  and  Longmire  Hotel  (2,700  feet 
altitude  and  thirteen  miles  from  Ash- 
ford). Here  is  the  picturesque,  miniature 
valley  where,  in  1883,  James  Longmire 
located  a  ranch  noted  for  mineral  springs 
of  health-restoring  worth,  which  give 
their  name  to  the  place.  After  a  good 
meal,  there  is  time  for  viewing  the  famous 
Longmire  Springs — thirty-five  bubbling 
mineral  fountains,  destined  to  rival  the 
most  renowned  spas  of  the  world.  From 
the  inn  porch  there  is  an  incomparable, 
near  view  of  the  mountain,  its  shining 
crest  eight  miles  distant  in  an  air  line. 
From  the  evergreen-forest  frame,  it  rises 
11,700  feet  above  the  level  of  the  e; 
There  are  days  when  it  appears  no  nea 
than  when  viewed  from  tide-water  poin 
and  again  it  seems  even  farther  removed, 
according  to  atmospheric  conditions. 


s 


Entrance  to  Mount  Rainier  National  Park 


Visitors  generally  board  the  morning 
train  from  Seattle  or  Tacoma,  arriving 
at  Longmire  Springs  for  luncheon.  Im- 
mediately thereafter,  the  auto-stage  is 
taken  for  Nisqually  Glacier,  five  miles 
distant  by  a  road  which  winds  in  loops 
and  curves  along  the  heavily  wooded 
mountain  flank,  above  the  tumbling  river 
which  appears  and  disappears  between 
the  trees.  Through  the  forest  openings, 
the  ever-changing  views  compose  a  mar- 
velous panorama  and  at  every  bend  com- 
ments are  made  again  and  again  on  the 
fine  boulevard  and  the  skill  and  artistry 
of  its  builders. 

Nisqually  Glacier,  altitude  4,000  feet, 
is  1 ,300  feet  above  Longmire  Springs,  and 
the  road  has  an  average  4.8  per  cent 
grade,  or  a  rise  of  260  feet  to  the  mile, 
yet  so  smooth  is  the  going,  the  climb  is 
not  realized.  Here  is  the  first  view  of  a 
glacier,  for  some  300  yards  above  the 
bridge  is  the  moraine-covered  nose  of 
Nisqually  Glacier,  which  blocks  the 
valley  to  a  height  of  400  feet.  From  a 
yawning  cave  in  its  front  issues  the  Nis- 
qually River — a  torrent  at  its  start.  In 
the  long  ago  the  glacier  completely  filled 
the  valley  above  and  below  the  bridge, 
and  people  still  live  who  recall  the  time 
when  it  came  down  to  the  present  river 
crossing.  It  is  the  one  ice  river  in  the 
world  at  the  terminus  of  an  auto-boule- 
vard, reached  in  five  hours  from  metro- 
politan centers. 

There  are  more  than  a  score  of  such 
torrents  in  the  Park,  having  a  similar 
glacial  origin,  among  which  Nisqually 
River  takes  foremost  rank.  A  path  easy 
to  climb  follows  up  the  side  of  the  glacier 
and  crosses  the  lower  portion  to  the  op- 
posite side.  The  traveler  thus  visualizes 
the  great  bulk  of  this  ice-flow  that  starts 
at  Columbia  Crest,  more  than  1 0,000  feet 
higher  and  distant  six  miles  in  an  air  line. 
From  this  trail  are  matchless  views  of 
Nisqually  Valley  and  the  mountains  that 
form  the  background  to  the  south  and 
west. 

En  route  to  Paradise,  good-bye  is 
said  to  the  Nisqually  River,  which  was 
first  met  at  Lagrande  and  which  has 
afforded  thirty-five  miles  of  scenic  thrills. 
Above  Paradise  Valley  it  will  be  seen 
again,  where  it  is  a  huge  ice  stream,  for 
it  is  well  to  remember  that  the  Nisqually 
is  one  of  the  six  primary  glaciers  which 


head  at  the  crest  where  the  neve"  cas- 
cades have  broken  down  the  crater  rim. 
From  here  the  climb  starts  in  earnest. 
Rounding  the  bold  promontory  over- 
looking the  forested  valley  to  the  south, 
with  the  whole  Tatoosh  Range  flanked 
by  Eagle  Peak  in  the  background — an 
inspiring  view — the  road  winds  abruptly 
into  the  Paradise  River  watershed.  This 
sharp  vantage  angle — altitude  4,225 
feet — where  a  step  over  the  retaining 
wall  would  mean  a  sheer  drop  of  a 
thousand  feet  into  the  turbulent  Nis- 
qually, is  Ricksecker  Point,  named  for 
the  engineer  who  laid  out  the  road  from 
Park  Entrance  to  Paradise  Valley. 

Thus,  winding  along  toward  the 
canyon,  Narada  Falls  suddenly  fills  the 
view  directly  below  the  road,  framed  in 
by  overhanging  trees.  Narada  is  a 
Hindoo  word,  meaning  peace.  Then 
comes  Inspiration  Point — the  circular 
bridge  around  Horseshoe  Bend  affording 
a  view  of  the  Tatoosh  Range.  Next 
the  road  climbs,  in  zigzag  switchbacks, 
crossing  precipitous  glacial  boulders 
overlooking  Washington  Torrents,  a 
series  of  short  falls  in  Paradise  River, 
extending  about  a  mile.  Other  pleasing 
vistas  are  passed,  and  Paradise  Valley  is 
reached  (5,557  feet  altitude) — the  end  of 
the  government  boulevard  from  Ash- 
ford,  where  the  flowered  meadowland 
meets  the  glaciers.  This  ride  is  two 
hours  of  unalloyed  rapture.  There  are 
no  other  roads  in  the  Park,  except  the 
Storbo  Road  from  the  northeastern  part 
of  the  Park,  to  Glacier  Basin.  All  other 
places  are  reached  by  trails.  One  trail 
entirely  encircles  the  mountain. 

Among  the  recent  improvements  is 
Paradise  Inn,  at  Paradise  Valley,  which 
affords  an  unobstructed  view  of  the 
mountain,  its  white-mantled  crown 
towering  8,700  feet  above  the  wide 
veranda,  distant  but  five  miles  as  the 
crew  flies.  Strange  as  it  may  seem,  the 
royal  crest  looks  no  nearer  than  from 
Longmire  Springs. 

Paradise  Valley  offers  many  absorbing 
attractions,  such  as  the  fields  of  Alpine 
flowers,  three  hundred  varieties  massed 
in  all  colors  as  far  as  the  eye  can  reach, 
Paradise  Glacier,  a  safe,  snow  play-place 
where  winter  sports  are  a  summer  joy, 
and  the  full  sweep  of  Nisqually  Glacier. 
Paradise  Glacier  is  easily  accessible. 


Page     seven 


The  trip  outlined  in  the  previous  par- 
agraphs covers  two  days  in  the  Park, 
spending  one  night  in  Paradise  Valley. 
1 1  is  made  in  comfort  and  free  from  haste, 
and  includes  the  primary  features  of  a 
visit  to  Mount  Rainier  National  Park — 
the  sunset  and  sunrise  and  leisure. 

Ever  since  the  early  days,  good  trails 
have  led  to  Indian  Henry's  Hunting 
Ground,  Van  Trump  Park,  and  Eagle 
Peak.  Visitors  who  tarry  over  a  day 
are  most  certain  to  go  to  Indian  Henry's 
and  Van  Trump  Park.  Eagle  Peak  is 
the  usual  first  tryout  hike  for  those  who 
plan  to  climb  the  mountain, and  no  better 
beginning  in  real  mountaineering  could 
be  desired.  Its  altitude  is  5,955  feet,  or 
about  3,200  feet  higher  than  Longmire. 

On  the  downward  way  the  same 
places  are  met  with  in  reverse  order, 
forming  new  views,  as  if  on  another  road. 
The  distant  mountain  panorama  is  im- 
pressive. Go  up  and  down  this  miracle 
boulevard  as  often  as  you  may,  it  is  never 
the  same.  Always  the  last  passing  is  the 
best. 

The  Climb  up  the  Mountain 

The  earlier  ascents  were  over  the 
Gibraltar  Trail  from  Paradise  Valley, 
the  route  commonly  taken.  The  trip 
is  made  many  times  each  season,  and 
with  the  regular  guides  no  difficulties 
should  be  encountered.  Climbers  leave 
Paradise  in  the  afternoon,  and  spend  the 
night  at  Camp  Muir,  under  Gibraltar, 
which  point  must  needs  be  reached  be- 
fore the  morning  sun  starts  to  melt  the 
snow — for  the  climb  can  be  made  only 
while  the  snow  slopes  are  still  frozen. 

A  welcome  place  is  the  shelter  hut  at 
Camp  Muir.  It  affords  desired  safety 
and  comfort,  enabling  climbers  to  remain 
over  night  or  out-stay  an  unlocked  for 
storm  before  continuing  the  upward  hike. 
More  people  go  as  far  as  this  vantage 
station  than  formerly,  owing  to  the  Muir 
Cabin,  which  is  a  stimulus  to  outdoor 
enthusiasts  to  place  their  names  on  the 
honor  roll  of  those  who  have  attained 
the  summit. 

Now  that  the  west  side  trail  is 
connected  with  the  north  side  trail, 
alert  mountaineers,  who  prefer  real 
camping,  ascend  from  Glacier  Basin 
(elevation  5,900  feet),  on  The  Wedge. 
From  here  the  trail  swings  around  the 


the 

• 


end  of  the  Interglacier,  before  crossing 
almost  its  full  length  to  Camp  Curtis. 
This  was  the  August,  1915,  route  of  The 
Mountaineers,  when  fifty-seven  persons, 
of  whom  twenty-one  were  women, 
signed  the  roster  of  the  record  cylinder 
on  the  summit,  which  was  deposited  in 
the  crater  rim  under  Columbia  Crest. 
The  climb  is  along  the  border  of  Emmons 
Glacier,  near  where  it  separates  from 
Winthrop  Glacier.  The  Mountaineei 
made  the  ascent  from  Camp  Curtis 
Columbia  Crest  in  nine  hours  and  foi 
minutes,  each  climber  arriving  in 
condition. 

Once    on    the    summit,    the    point 
reached  where  one  looks  down  on   the 
land   in   all   directions — the   country 
the    vast    silence,    where    there    are 
echoes,     and     where     the     winds 
suddenly  and   fiercely. 

Have  you  ever  journeyed  thus  to 
these  great  Temples  of  Silence?  Have 
you  ever  reached  the  top  of  the  very 
last  spire  of  a  mountain  summit  ai 
gazed  at  the  panorama  of  the 
below,  where  the  rivers  look  like  sib 
threads  on  soft  blue  velvet? 

If  you  have,  you  can  remember 
feeling  of  awe  with  which  you  gazed 
the    vastness    below    you.     Then    cai 
the    overwhelming    desire    to    shout, 
break  the  surrounding  silence;  and  y< 
did  yell  lustily,  only  to  find  that  in  tl 
altitude    the    voice    reached   no   fartl 
than    the   lips.     There   was   nothing 
fling  back  the  echo. 

The  sun  slides  down  the  western  si 
and  the  far  mountain  peaks  grow  pink, 
then  flame,  then  glow  like  jewels  in  the 
flashing  colors  of  an  opal's  heart.  The 
blue  shadows  begin  to  steal  upwarc 
pushing  away  the  warm  reds  and  pinl 
and  covering  the  world  with  a  bh 
black  velvet  mantle  that  grows  blacl 
and  more  black,  until  only  the  hi 
flung  peaks  show  white  and  cold 
it,  and  the  waters  of  the  Sound  gleam 
across  the  blackness,  reflecting  still  the 
faint  pink  of  the  sky. 

The  descent  is  begun  among  the  gath- 
ering shadows  that  mantle  the  rocks,  and 
Paradise  Inn  is  reached  in  due  time. 

The  downward  journey  is  not  without 
interest.  While  accomplished  more 
easily  than  the  ascent,  there  is  plenty  to 
see  and  to  do. 


P  a  &e>     eight 


i! 


-o  ' 


Jlf 


Page     nine 


Interior  of  Clubroom.  National  Park  Inn 


The  Origin  of  This  Mountain  Playground 

Puget  Sound  history  begins  in  May,  1 792, 
with  Captain  George  Vancouver,  of  the  Royal 
British  Navy,  surveying  these  waters.  His 
journal  tells  of  "a  very  remarkable,  high,  round 
mountain  apparently  at  the  southern  extremity 
of  the  distant  range  of  snowy  mountains,  which, 
after  my  friend  Rear  Admiral  Rainier,  I  dis- 
tinguished by  the  name  of  Mount  Rainier." 

Probably  the  first  suggestion  that  the  mountain 
and  its  surrounding  forests  be  set  apart  as  a 
National  Park  was  made  in  1883,  by  James 
Bryce,  afterward  British  Ambassador  to  Wash- 
ington. He,  with  Baron  Von  Bunsen  and  others, 
on  their  visit  to  this  region  for  the  celebration  of 
the  first  north  Pacific  railroad,  wrote  a  memorial 
to  Henry  Villard,  recommending  and  urging  a 
congressional  enactment  to  that  end.  The  agi- 
tation continued,  and  in  1899  Congress  was  in- 
duced to  withdraw  a  tract  eighteen  miles  square 
(207,360  acres)  from  the  Pacific  Coast  Forest 
Reserve  as  a  public  park  for  the  benefit  of  the 
people. 

So  far  as  known,  the  first  to  enter  within  the 
boundaries  of  Mount  Rainier  National  Park  was 
Dr.  William  Fraser  Tolmie.  the  botanist  of  the 
Hudson  Bay  Company,  who,  in  August,  1833, 
climbed  Tolmie  Peak  in  quest  of  "beautiful 
flowers  and  superb  views."  Speaking  of  the 
mountain,  he  notes  in  his  journal,  "a  few  small 
glaciers  were  seen  on  the  conical  portion,"  which 
is  believed  to  be  the  earliest  mention  of  glaciers 
in  the  United  States.  Naturally,  those  ice 
streams  appeared  small  from  a  distance  of  ten 
miles. 

The  next  approach  was  by  Lieutenant  (after- 
ward General)  A.  V.  Kautz,  in  1857,  who  had  a 


passion  for  mountaineering,  and  how  high  he 
climbed  never  will  be  known.  "We  are  not 
likely,"  he  wrote,  "to  have  any  competitors  in 
this  attempt  to  explore  the  summit  of  Mount 
Rainier.  When  the  locomotive  is  heard  in  this 
region  some  day,  when  American  enterprise  has 
established  an  ice  cream  saloon  at  the  foot  of 
the  glaciers,  and  sherry  cobblers  can  be  had  at 
twenty-five  cents  half  up  the  mountain,  at- 
tempts to  climb  that  magnificent  snow  peak 
will  be  quite  frequent.  But  many  a  long 
will  pass  before  the  roads  are  sufficiently  g 
to  induce  anyone  to  do  what  we  did  in  the  su 
mer  of  1857."  This  was  no  vain  boasting. 

The   third  conquest  of   the  mountain  was 
August,    1870,    when   General    Hazard    Stev 
and  Philander  Beecher  Van  Trump  named  Peak 
Success    and    were    the    first    to    spend  a  night 
under  the  shelter  of  the  crater. 

James  Longmire  blazed  a  trail  to  his  ranch 
1884,    which    later    was    extended    to    Paradii 
The  first  women  in  these  elysian  meadows 
credited  with  this  apt  christening.     In  amaze 
the  wealth  of  flowers  they  exclaimed.  "What 
Paradise!" 

The  medicinal  properties  of  the  springs 
won  renown,  and  the  trail  was  widened  to  a 
roadway,  the  first  in  the  Park.  This  ranch  and 
some  mining  claims  were  located  before  the 
National  Forest  and  Park  were  created.  The 
Longmire  road,  rough  as  it  was,  remained  the 
best  approach  until  1906,  when  work  was  begun 
on  the  Government  boulevard.  This  boulevard 
was  constructed  under  direction  of  the  War  De- 
partment and  was  opened  for  travel  to  Paradise 
Valley  in  1910.  but  automobiles  were  not  allowed 
above  Nisqually  Glacier  prior  to  1915. 


ten 


Most  of  the  trails  follow  the  road  surveys. 
Not  till  the  1915  season  were  the  different  trails 
connected  so  that  the  entire  circuit  could  be 
made.  This  betterment  was  hastened  at  the 
solicitation  of  The  Mountaineers — an  incor- 
porated organization  of  hikers — who  hold  the 
distinction  of  being  the  first  to  encircle  the  moun- 
tain by  the  Government  trails.  This  outing  was 
participated  in  by  one  hundred  and  five  men 
and  women,  who  enjoyed  a  three  weeks'  knap- 
sack trip,  traveling  well  above  timber  line, 
crossing  glaciers  and  descending  into  the  parks 
to  camp  at  night.  The  summit  ascent  was 
achieved  by  fifty-seven,  of  whom  twenty-one 
were  women.  In  the  story  of  the  Park  this  record 
marks  an  important  mile  post. 

Towering  Peaks  and  Massive  Glaciers 

Columbia  Crest,  14,408  feet  elevation,  is  near 
the  center  of  the  old  crater  rim.  This  summit 
dome  measures  from  one  to  more  than  two  miles 
across.  Liberty  Cap,  14,112  feet,  on  the  north, 
Peak  Success,  14,150  feet,  on  the  southwest, 
Gibraltar  Rock,  12,679  feet,  on  the  southeast, 
with  a  few  nameless,  rugged  remnants,  are  all 
that  remain  of  this  barrier.  Because  of  the  low 
temperatures  prevailing  at  this  high  altitude,  the 
drifting  snows  around  the  crown  never  melt,  and 
no  ice  is  formed  about  the  summit. 

About  four  thousand  feet  below  the  summit,  the 
snows  collect  in  great  hollows  called  cirques,  from 
which  emerge  the  glaciers.  In  these  cirques  the 
snow  is  hundreds,  sometimes  thousands  of  feet 
deep.  Weight  freezes  it  first  into  coarse  granules; 
then  it  is  known  as  neve:  after  it  begins  to  move, 
pressure  turns  the  neve  into  solid  blue  ice.  Six 
primary  glaciers  head  near  the  summit.  These 
are  the  Nisqually,  the  Ingraham  branch  of  the 
Cowlitz,  the  Emmons,  the  Winthrop,  the  Ta- 


homa  and  the  Kautz."  The  Nisqually  and  the 
Cowlitz  glaciers  and  rivers  recall  two  of  the 
prominent  Indian  tribes.  The  Ingraham,  named 
for  Major  E.  S.  Ingraham,  and  the  Emmons, 
named  after  Samuel  F.  Emmons.  geologist  and 
mountaineer,  are  the  largest,  each  measuring  six 
miles  in  length.  The  Emmons  covers  eight  square 
miles  of  ground  and  makes  a  continuous  descent 
from  the  summit  to  the  base,  the  crater  rim 
having  almost  completely  broken  down  under 
its  heavy  snow  cascades.  Winthrop  Glacier, 
named  for  Theodore  Winthrop,  the  travel  writer, 
is  distinguished  by  its  ice  cascades  and  domes. 

The  Carbon,  a  great  ice  river  on  the  north 
side,  over  five  miles  long  and  one  and  a  half 
miles  wide,  is  the  third  glacier  in  point  of  size, 
heading  in  a  walled-in  amphitheater,  set  low  in 
the  mountain's  flank.  This  amphitheater  is 
technically  known  as  a  glacial  cirque — a  horse- 
shoe-shaped basin  hollowed  out  by  the  ice  from 
a  deep  gash  in  the  volcano's  side.  1 1  is  the  largest 
of  all  these  ice-sculptured  cirques.  An  ice  cave 
usually  forms  at  the  point  of  exit  of  the  Carbon 
River.  Other  cirque  glaciers  are  North  Mowich 
and  South  Mowich — named  by  the  Indians  for 
the  Mowich,  or  "deer,"  carved  high  on  the  rock 
where  all  may  see — also  Puyallup  and  South 
Tahoma. 

Next  come  the  interglaciers,  which  spread  over 
the  backs  of  wedges  or  lava  platforms  and 
generally  are  of  considerable  size.  Occupying  the 
irregular  platform  of  The  Wedge  behind  Little 
Tahoma — the  highest  outstanding  eminence  on 
the  flanks  of  the  mountain,  11,117  feet — and 
separating  Ingraham  from  Emmons  Glacier,  is 
Fryingpan  Glacier,  the  largest  in  this  class, 
covering  fully  three  square  miles.  Below,  on  the 
north,  lies  Summerland,  a  region  of  flower-dotted 
meadows  drained  by  streams  that  feed  Fryingpan 


Broken  ice  fields  of  Nisqually  Glacier,  which  is  the  source  of  the  rushing  Nisqually  River  and  one  of  the  six  primary 

glaciers  which  start  at  Columbia  Crest 


Page     eleven 


On  the  summit  of  Mount  Rainier  are  three  peaks — Columbia  Crest.  Liberty  Cap  and  Peak  Success.      Thi*  * 
Page     twelve 


S  ce,8  from  Ricksecker  Point.     A  thousand  feet  below  this  point  flows  the  turbulent  Nisqually  River 

Page     thirteen 


Creek.  Whitman,  Paradise,  Russell,  Edmunds, 
Pyramid,  Van  Trump,  Stevens,  Williwakas,  and 
Ohanapecosh  are  other  notable  interglaciers. 

Not  to  be  overlooked  is  the  original  Interglacier, 
so  called  by  Major  Ingraham  and  distinguished 
by  supplying  the  generic  name  for  such  ice  fields, 
lying  on  the  back  of  The  Wedge  behind  Steam- 
boat Prow,  which  parts  Emmons  from  Winthrop 
Glacier.  Van  Trump  and  Stevens  glaciers  per- 
petuate the  names  of  P.  B.  Van  Trump  and 
Hazard  Stevens,  who  made  the  first  successful 
ascent  in  1870.  After  waving  the  Stars  and 
Stripes  from  the  top  of  the  south  peak  they 
christened  that  toweringsummit"Peak  Success." 

Finally,  there  are  minor  detached  ice  bodies, 
each  covering  a  square  mile  or  more  of  ground, 
mostly  unnamed,  and  smaller  ones  which,  in  other 
localities,  would  be  considered  of  consequence. 

All  told,  this  ice-snow  region,  in  the  form  of  a 
truncated  cone,  has  a  total  glacial  area  of  nearly 
fifty  square  miles,  from  fifty  to  five  hundred  feet 
in  depth.  It  is  the  largest  accessible  single-peak 
glacier  system. 

Paradise  Glacier 
A  Field  for  Alpine  Sports 

As  Paradise  Glacier  is  the  ice  field  easiest 
reached,  this  shortened  account  of  some  of  its 
features,  taken  from  "Mount  Rainier  and  Its 
Glaciers,"  by  F.  E.  Matthews,  of  the  United 
States  Geological  Survey,  cannot  fail  to  interest. 

"The  generally  smooth  and  united  surface  of 
the  Paradise  Glacier  contributes  not  a  little  to 
its  attractiveness  as  a  field  for  Alpine  sports. 
The  long  slopes  are  particularly  inviting  for 
the  delightful  'glissades'  which  they  afford. 
Sitting  down  on  the  hard  snow  at  the  head  of 
such  a  slope  one  may  indulge  in  an  exhilarating 
glide  of  amazing  swiftness,  landing  at  last  safely 
on  the  level  snows  beneath. 

"One  may  roam  at  will  without  encountering  a 
single  dangerous  fissure.  This  general  absence  of 
crevices  is  accounted  for  largely  by  the  evenness 
of  the  glacier's  bed  and  by  its  hollow  shape,  owing 
to  which  the  snows  on  all  sides  press  inward  and 
compact  the  mass  in  the  center.  In  the  early  part 
of  summer,  it  has  the  appearance  of  a  vast  un- 
broken snow  field,  blazing  immaculate  in  the 
sun.  But  later,  as  the  fresh  snows  melt  away  from 
its  surface,  grayish  patches  of  old  crystalline  ice 
develop  in  places.  Day  by  day  these  patches 
expand  until,  by  the  end  of  August,  most  of  the 
lower  ice  field  has  been  stripped  of  its  brilliant 
mantle.  Its  countenance,  once  bright  and  serene, 
now  assumes  a  grim  expression  and  becomes 
criss-crossed  by  a  thousand  seams,  like  the  visage 
of  an  aged  man. 

"Over  this  roughened  surface  trickle  countless 
tiny  rills  which,  uniting,  form  swift  rivulets  and 
torrents,  indeed  veritable  river  systems  on  a 
miniature  scale,  that  testify  with  eloquence  to 
the  rapidity  with  which  the  sun  consumes  the 
snow. 

"Strangely  capricious  in  course  are  these 
streamlets,  for  while  in  the  main  gravitating 
with  the  glacier's  slope,  they  are  ever  likely  to  be 
caught  and  deflected  by  the  numerous  seams  in 
the  ice.  But,  as  the  lowering  sun  withdraws  its 
heat,  the  melting  gradually  comes  to  a  halt,  and 
the  little  streams  cease  to  flow.  The  soft  babbling 


and  gurgling  and  the  often  exquisitely  melodious 
tinkle  of  dripping  water  in  hidden  glacial  wells 
are  hushed,  and  the  silent  frost  proceeds  to  choke 
up  passage  and  channels,  so  that  next  day's 
waters  have  to  seek  new  avenues." 

Nature's  Luxuriant  Flower  Garden 

Any  account  of  Mount  Rainier  National  Pa 
would  miss  its  loveliest  feature  without  more  th 
a  passing  word  of  the  wild  flowers  massed 
benches  and  slopes,  often  reaching  high  up  al 
the  edges  of  the  glaciers,  springing  to  life  as  t 
ice  melts,  wherever  there  is  any  soil. 

Paradise    Valley,    Van    Trump    Park,    Indi 
Henry's    Hunting    Ground,  St.   Andrews   Par 
Summerland,  and  Spray  Park  in  midsummer 
carpeted  in  marvelous  blooms. 

Let  John  Muir,  the  celebrated  naturalist, 
describe  them:  "Above  the  forests  there  is  a 
zone  of  the  loveliest  flowers,  fifty  miles  in  circ 
and  nearly  two  miles  wide,  so  closely  plan 
and  so  luxurious  that  it  seems  as  if  Nature,  gla 
to  make  an  open  space  between  woods  so  dense 
and  ice  so  deep,  was  economizing  the  precious 
ground  and  trying  to  see  how  many  of  her  dar- 
lings she  can  get  together  in  one  mountai 
wreath — daisies,  anemones,  columbine,  eryth 
niums,  larkspurs,  and  others,  among  which 
wade  waist-deep — the  bright  corollas  in  myriads 
touching  petal  to  petal.  Altogether  this  is  the 
richest  sub-Alpine  garden  I  have  ever  found, 
perfect  flower  elysium." 


s  a 
:uit 

i:3 


= 


Building  Mount  Rainier 

The  life  history  of  the  mountain  has  been 
varied  one.    Like  all  volcanoes  it  has  built  up  it 
cone    with    the    materials    ejected    by    its    o\ 
eruptions — cinders,    bombs  and   flows  of  liqi 
lava    that    have   solidified    into   layers   of 
basaltic  rock.  At  Nisqually  Glacier  these  volcai 
rocks  are  seen  to  overlie  the  granite  foundatk 
Once  a  symmetrical  cone  and  still  quite  youi 
as  mountain  history  goes,  it  bears  on  its  flai 
deep  scars  of  never-ending  conflict  between 
forces   of   Nature.      For   centuries   the   grindii 
glaciers  have  been  working  to  level  the  immense 
mass  of  lava  and  ash  piled  up  in  recent  geological 
time.   They  have  accomplished  only  a  small 
of  their  task. 

Professor  Edwin  J.  Saunders,  of  the  Chair 
Geology,  University  of  Washington,  tells 
"The  building  of  the  mountain  probably 
tended  over  many  thousands  of  years.  Numer 
eruptions  gradually  built  up  around  the  crater 
immense  cone  composed  of  many  cubic  miles 
lava.  Explosive  eruptions  gave  rise  to  huj 
volumes  of  ash,  lapilli,  bombs,  pumice,  and  the 
porous  lavas  one  sees  scattered  for  miles  around 
the  crater.  Quiet  flows  of  lava  radiating  from  the 
crater  served  to  bind  together  the  loose  materials 
by  bands  and  layers  of  solid  lava  rock.  One  can 
almost  imagine  the  rock  just  cooled  from  the 
molten  state,  the  slaggy.  scoriaceous  surface 
representing  the  foaming  surface  of  the  lava 
streams.  Different  types,  as  if  from  different 
sources,  are  found  about  the  slopes,  and  various 
colors,  due  to  difference  in  Nature  and  weathering, 
break  the  otherwise  monotonous  appearance  of 
the  lava  surface.  The  exact  limits  of  these  flows 
have  not  been  carefully  worked  out,  but  the 


Page     fourteen 


I  .a 


Page     fifteen 


PEAK  Succe 


/$J5OO  FEET  ORIG/HAL.  HE:/  GMT  or  CONE. 

CREST  ELEVATION  I4408FEET 


EL.CVA  TipN8OOOFt 
INDIAN 


Cross  section  to  natural  scale  from  Indian  Henry's  Hunting  Ground  through  Success  Cleaver, 
Columbia  Crest  and  the  cleaver  between  Winthrop  Glacier  and  Carbon  Glacier  to  Moraine 
Park.  The  dotted  line  indicates  the  original  height  before  the  explosion  or  eruptions  ending  in 
the  decapitation  which  shaped  Mount  Rainier  as  it  appears  to  day. 


diameter  of  the  cone  at  its  base  is  about  twenty 
miles.  The  inter-bedded  lavas  and  loose  ash 
materials  are  well  shown  in  the  eroded  walls  of 
The  Wedge,  Cathedral  Rocks,  Willis  Wall, 
Gibraltar,  or  any  of  the  various  remnants  about 
the  surface  of  the  glaciers. 

"The  angle  at  which  these  strata  appear  in  the 
different  exposures,  indicates  a  cone  at  one  time 
several  thousand  feet  higher  that  the  present 
summit,  and  much  more  symmetrical.  This  is 
shown  very  nicely  in  a  cross  section  of  the 
mountain  through  the  Success  Cleaver,  and  the 
cleaver  below  Willis  Wall. 

"After  the  cone  was  built  and  the  crater 
probably  plugged  up  by  cool,  solid  lava,  it  looks 
as  if  a  violent  eruption  had  blown  2,000  to  3,000 
feet  off  the  top,  and  left  an  immense  crater,  or 
platform,  about  three  miles  in  diameter.  Rem- 
nants of  the  old  crater  and  slopes  are  seen  in 
Peak  Success,  Liberty  Cap,  and  Gibraltar. 

"Later  eruptions  then  built  on  this  platform 
two  small  craters,  the  first  about  1,000  feet  in 
diameter,  the  rim  of  which  has  been  partially 
broken  down,  the  most  recent  about  1 ,500  feet 
in  diameter,  and  still  perfect.  The  rim  of  the 
latter  shows  the  snow  which  now  almost  fills  it. 
Steam  and  gas  are  issuing  from  crevices  in  the 
floor  and  about  the  walls  of  this  recent  crater. 
The  heat  is  sufficient  to  melt  large  caverns  in  the 


snow  cap,  thus  furnishing  a  welcome  protectu 
from  the  strong  cold  winds  for  belated  moui 
taineers  who  stay  overnight  at  the  summit. 

Miles  of  Mountain  Trails,   Through 
Natural  Parks  and  Upland  Meadows 

In  recent  years  the  trails  have  been  extei 
and  new  trails  opened  each  season.     The  trai 
system  within  the  Park  has  now  a  length  ex- 
ceeding 1  50  miles.  The  mountain  is  encircled  by 
main  trail,  with  side  trails  branching  off  to  plac 
of    chief    moment.      The    Park    Superintendent 
reports:   "By  making  camp  each  night  at  certaii 
designated  points  in  the  natural  parks  and  uj 
land   meadows,   one  can   travel  on   foot  by  tl 
shortest   route    between  camps,    keeping   abo> 
timber  line,  and  obtain  magnificent  views  of  th< 
mountain    and    surrounding    country    from    al 
angles,    affording   one   of    the    most    interestir 
scenic  trips  in  all  the  world.    The  swing  aroui 
the   grand   circle   can   be   made   in   seven   days 
averaging  twenty  miles  a  day.     A  month  coul( 
well  be  set  apart  for  this  never-to-be-forgott< 
happiness." 

Camping  is  in  high  favor  among  outdoor  er 
thusiasts  and  each  year  more  of  them  plan 
vacations  with  this  end  in  view.  Each  seas 
by  the  building  of  new  trails  and  lengthenii 
the  old,  more  marvels  are  made  accessible. 


On  the  Indian  Henry  Trail — one  of  the  favorite  trails  which  forms  the  150  miles  of  the  Park  trail  system 
Pago     sixteen 


KM? 


'A  V., 


&  ra 


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-j  '   *     i 


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Page     leventeen 


•ill 


Dining  Room,  Paradise  Inn 


Paradise  Inn 


Of  rustic  construction  appropriate  to  the  envi- 
ronment, equipped  with  every  modern  conven- 
ience, heated  and  lighted  by  electricity  from  its 
own  plant,  this  Paradise  Inn  admirably  fills  all 
wants.  For  the  many  who  prefer  to  sleep  in  the 
open,  there  are  tents  of  approved  and  convenient 
type,  electrically  lighted  and  heated  and  adequate- 
ly furnished.  A  cordial  welcome  permeates  the 
homelike  lounging  room  and  the  spacious  dining 
room,  where  good  meals,  well  served,  attract 
the  hungry  whose  appetites  have  been  sharpened 
by  the  mountain  air. 


Paradise  Camp 

Near  the  Inn,  to  the  west,  is  the  new  Paradise 
Camp,  for  the  accommodation  of  those  who  like  a 
closer  approach  to  actual  camping  conditions 
than  is. found  in  the  luxurious  hotel  rooms  and 
bungalow  tents.  Commodious  canvas  wall  tents 
serve  as  sleeping  quarters,  and  meals  may  be  had 
at  the  lunch  pavilion.  Those  who  think  their 
camping  experience  is  not  complete  unless  they 
do  their  own  cooking,  may  purchase  groceries 
at  the  pavilion  and  practice  the  culinary  art  over 
large,  open-air  fires.  All  needed  accessories  may 
be  rented  at  moderate  charges. 


Accommodations  in  the  Park 

Most  of  the  transportation,  hotel,  camp  and 
other  concessions  are  under  the  control  of  the 
Rainier  National  Park  Company.  Transportation 
and  hotel  rates,  and  all  prices  for  those  under 
such  control,  are  regulated  by  the  Department 
of  the  Interior,  which  has  charge  of  all  the 
national  parks,  and  are  not  higher  than  prevail 


Page     eighteen 


3t  or  in 
xeeded. 
here  is 
il  side- 


at  summer  resorts  generally.  All  hotels 
operated  on  the  American  plan,  which  includes 
room  and  meals  by  the  day.  The  rates  are  $4.25 
to  $5.00  a  day  for  tent  rooms,  and  $5.00  to  $8.00 
for  hotel  rooms,  the  higher  prices  being  for  rooms 
with  bath. 

Guides,  horses,  and  outfits  are  furnished  by 
the  Rainier  National  Park  Company  to  those 
desiring  to  take  short  or  long  trail  outings. 
From  Longmire  Springs  and  Paradise  Valley  are 
numerous  enticing  day  outings,  and  some  that 
require  but  a  few  hours,  made  either  on  foot  or  in 
saddle.  In  many  instances  no  guide  is  ne 
for  the  trails  and  by-paths  are  safe  and  thei 
no  danger  of  going  astray.  Favorite  trail 
trips  out  from  Longmire  Springs  and  Paradise 
Valley  are  tabulated  on  pages  19  and  20,  with 
distances  and  points  of  interest.  Saddle  horses 
may  be  had  at  Longmire  Springs  or  Paradise 
Valley  at  $3 .  50  a  day.  A  competent  guide  and 
horse  is  furnished  without  charge  for  parties  of 
five  or  more. 

There  are  free  public  camping  grounds  at  Van 
Trump  Park,  Longmire  Springs  and  Paradise 
Valley  which  are  growing  in  favor  more  each  year. 

To  describe  what  is  seen  along  the  way  on  the 
scheduled  little  journeys  within  Mount  Rainier 
National  Park,  would  easily  fill  pages.  Even 
then  the  story  would  not  be  half  told. 

Nowhere  on  the  globe  is  there  such  a  variety 
of  views  and  such  masses  of  wild  flowers.  All  are 
of  one  mind  with  Edward  Frank  Allen,  who 
exclaimed:  "Read  as  much  about  it  as  you  will, 
see  it  pictured  a  thousand  times,  and  believe  all 
the  tales  you  hear  of  it,  and  on  going  there  you 
will  find  that  it  has  been  underrated." 


Season 

Points  of  Interest  Reached 

The  1919  season  of  Mount  Rainier  National 

from  Paradise  Valley 

Park  extends  from  June  15th  to  September  15th 

at  Longmire  Springs,  and   from  July  1st  to  Sep- 
tember 15th  at  Paradise  Valley. 

Nisqually  Glacier.. 

\Y4.  W 

^argest  glacier  on  south  side 
Mount  Rainier. 

Van  Trump  Glacier 

2HNW 

Small  glacier  west  of  Nisqually 

How  to  Reach  the  Park 

Glacier. 

Kautz  Glacier  

3  W 

Adjacent    to    and    1.000    feet 

Mount  Rainier  National  Park  is  connected 

below  Van  Trump  Park. 

by  automobile  stages  of    the  Rainier   National 

KautzPeak  

5HN 

Good  view. 

Park  Company  with  Ashford,  Wash.,  a  railroad 

Kautz  Box  Canyon 

3HNW 

Upper    end    of    canyon    near 

station    fifty-five   miles    from   Tacoma,    ninety- 

Kautz  Glacier. 

three  miles  from  Seattle  and  six  miles  from   the 

Bench   Lake  

I^SE 

On    lower  bench   overlooking 

Stevens  Canyon. 

Pzirlc  entrance. 

Pinnacle  Peak.  .  .  . 

25*  SE 

SharpPeakonTatoosh  Range. 

During  summer  season,  round-trip  excursion 
tickets  at  reduced   fares  are  sold  at  practically 
all  stations  in  the  United  States  to  Tacoma  and 

Stevens  Peak  
Unicorn  Peak  

3HSE 
4JiSE 

AteastendofTatoosh  Range. 

hlighest     peak     on     Tatoosh 
Range. 

Seattle     as    destinations.      Passengers     holding 

Ice  Caves  

IH  NE 

At  lower  end  Paradise  Glacier; 

through   excursion   tickets  to  other  destinations 

largest  ice  caves  in  Park. 

will  find  stop-over  privileges   available.      From 

Paradise  Glacier.  .  . 

IH  NE 

Source  of  Paradise  River. 

many    stations    in     the     Northwest,     excursion 

Stevens  Glacier.  .  . 

\*A  NE 

East  lobe  of  Paradise  Glacier. 

tickets  are  sold   through  via  Ashford   to  points 

within  Mount  Rainier  National  Park. 

Stevens  Ice 
Cascades  

2NE 

/Crevassed  slope  on  Stevens 
\     Glacier. 

Fares  from  Tacoma   and    Seattle   to   points 

Stevens  Water 

within    the    Park    and    return,   via    railroad    to 

Cascades  

21A  NE 

At  foot   of  Stevens  Glacier. 

Ashford,   thence  via    automobile    stages   of  the 

Stevens  Canyon..  . 

2M  NE 

Below  Stevens  Glacier.      One 

Rainier  National  Park  Company,  are  as  follows: 

mile  long.    1.200  feet  deep. 

Fairy  Falls  

2%  NE 

At  head  of  Stevens  Canyon; 

Round-Trip  from 

300  feet  high. 

Tacoma         Seattle 

Cowlitz  Glacier.  .  . 

3NE 

Largest   glacier  on   southeast 

To  Longmire  Springs  $5.55       $  7.35 

side  of  mountain. 

To  Nisqually  Glacier  6.55             8.35 

Cowlitz  Peak  

3H  NE 

View  of  surrounding  glaciers. 

To  Paradise  Valley  8.55          10.35 

Cathedral   Rocks.  . 

3H  NE 

Lofty  spires  on  divide   north 

of  Cowlitz  Glacier 

On  the  Van  Trump  Trail,  from  which  many  excellent  views  are  obtained,  and  which  leads  to  Van  Trump  Park,  a  Hower- 

covered  camping  spot 


Page-   nineteen 


Points  of  Interest  Reached  from  Longmire  Springs 


Ramparts  

\Yl  W 

Ridge  north  of  NisquallyRiver. 

Paradise  Valley.... 

MHN 

Park  at  base  of  Mount  Rain 

ier;     excellent    campin 

Tahoma  Glacier  .  .  . 

71^ 

Clear  ice  glacier  from  which 

ground;      elevation     5.00C 

flows    Tahoma    Fork    of 

reached  by  auto. 

Nisqually  River. 

Carter  Falls  

31^  NE 

On  Paradise  River. 

Christine  Falls  .... 

4}^  N 

On  auto  road  to  Paradise  Park. 

Comet  Falls  
Marie  Falls  

6N 

5  N 

On  Van  Trump  trail. 
On  road  to  Paradise  Park. 

Narada  Falls  

(Trail 
|4|f  NE 
Road 
Olx:  Nip 

Principal    falls    on    Paradis 
River,  with  sheer  drop  c 
150  feet;   elevation   4.572 

Glacier 

5  N 

Near  bridge  crossing  Nisqually 
River  on  Government  road. 

(7/2  INC. 

[Road 
I3NE 

High  fall  of  Paradise  Rive 

Ricksecker  Point. 

6*  N 

Lofty  point  of  road  to  Para- 

Trail 

(dii  NE 

|      at  head  of  Paradise  Vallej 

I 

dise  Park;  elevation  4.221. 

Paradise  River  and 
Canyon 

9N 

600  feet  below  auto  road. 

Pyramid  Peak  

8  N 

Highest   peak   in    India 
Henry's    Hunting    Grounc 

Road 

easy    to   ascend;    elevatio 
6.940. 

Ruby  Falls  

9%  NE 

Washington 
Torrents  

Trail 
5  NE 

(Road 
10  NE 
Trail 

Upper  cascades   of   Paradise 
River     a     short     distance 
below  Paradise  Valley. 

Mirror  Lake  
Eagle  Peak  

TYz  N 
3H  E 

Reflects  Mount  Rainier. 

At  west  end  of  Tatoosh  Range 
good     trail     leads    to    ope 
parks  short  distance  below 

Second  Crossing 

5MNE 

elevation  5.961. 

Paradise  River. 

Kautz  River  

2%  N 

Fast  flowing  river  from  Kaut 

Washington 

r^i    i#» 

Torrents  

10  N 

View      of       Paradise      River; 

Third  Crossing 
Paradise  River. 
Ruby  Falls  

Washington     Torrents     in 
foreground. 

View  of  river  and  Ruby  Falls. 

Mount  Ararat  

6%  N 

High   hill    in    Indian    Henry 
Hunting  Ground;   petrifie 
wood  found  here. 

Inspiration  Point.  . 
Horseshoe  Bend.  .  . 

10*  N 

9M  N 

First  view  of  Paradise  Valley. 

High  trestle  overlooking  Nar- 
ada  Falls. 

Iron  Mountain.  .  .  . 
Crystal  Mountain 

6M  N 

Twin    mountains    in    India 
Henry's  Hunting  Grounc 
crystal    ledges   on    CrysU 
Mountain. 

Paradise  Inn  

14  N 

Hotel    and    camp    located  on 
Theosophy  Ridge.  Paradise 
Valley;     Elevation  5.558. 

_  '•  

Reflection  Lakes..  . 

I^SW 

On    bench   north   of   Pinnae] 
Peak.  Tatoosh  Range. 

==^==^= 

U.  S.   Government   Publications 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Superintendent  of  Documents.  Govern- 
ment Printing  office,  Washington,  D.  C.,  at  prices 
given.  Remittances  should  be  by  money  order 
or  in  cash. 
Mount  Rainier  and  Its  Glaciers,  by  F.  E.  Matthes.  48 

pages.  25  illustrations.     15  cents. 
Features  of  the  Flora  of  Mount  Rainier  National  Park,  by 

J.  B.  Flett.     48  pages.  40  illustrations.    25  cents. 
Forests  of  Mount  Rainier  National  Park,  by  G.  F.  Allen. 

32  pages.  27  illustrations.    20  cents. 
Panoramic  View  of  Mount  Rainier  National  Park.   19  x  20 

inches.    25  cents. 
National   Parks   Portfolio,  by  Robert  Sterling  Yard.     260 

pages.    270    illustrations,    descriptive  of   nine    National 

Parks.      Pamphlet  edition.   35   cents;    book  edition.    55 

cents.  

The   following    may    be    obtained    from    the 
director  of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey, 
Washington.  D.  C..  at  price  given: 
Map  of  Mount  Rainier  National  Park.  22  x  23  inches.     10 

cents.  

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
free  on  written  application  to  the  director  of  the 
National  Park  Service,  Washington,  D.  C.,  or  by 
personal  application  to  the  office  of  the  superin- 
tendent at  the  entrance  to  the  Park: 


Circular  of  general  information  regarding  Mount  Rair 

National  Park. 

Glimpses  of  our  National  Parks.    48  pages,  illustrated. 
Map   showing   location   of   National   Parks  and   Natioi 

Monuments  and  railroad  routes  thereto. 

U.  S.  R.  R.  Administration   Publications 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtain< 
free  on  application  to  any  Consolidated  Tick* 
Office;  or  apply  to  the  Bureau  of  Service  Nations 
Parks    and    Monuments,    or    Travel    Bureau 
Western   Lines,    646   Transportation     Buildii 
Chicago,  111.: 

Arizona  and  New  Mexico  Rockies. 

California  for  the  Tourist. 

Colorado  and  Utah  Rockies. 

Crater  Lake  National  Park.  Oregon. 

Glacier  National  Park.  Montana. 

Grand  Canyon  National  Park.  Arizona. 

Hawaii  National  Park,  Hawaiian  Islands. 

Hot  Springs  National  Park.  Arkansas. 

Mount  Rainier  National  Park.  Washington. 

Northern  Lakes — Wisconsin.  Minnesota.  Upper  Micf 

Iowa  and  Illinois. 
Mesa  Verde  National  Park.  Colorado. 
Pacific  Northwest  and  Alaska. 

Petrified  Forest  National  Monument.  Arizona. 
Rocky  Mountain  National  Park.  Colorado. 
Sequoia  and  General  Grant  National  Parks.  California. 
Yellowstone  National  Park.  Wyoming.  Montana.  Idaho. 
Yosemite  National  Park.  California. 
/.ion  National  Monument.  Utah. 


Page      twenty 


P a  & e  twenty-one 


TO\ENUMCLA  W 
R\R.  STA. 


TO  FAIRFAX 
/?.  K.  STA. 


, 


ARADi 

ARADISE  CAMP 

RADISE  VALLEY 


Ohanapecos 
Hot  Spring 


SEATTLE  ftR.STAS. 


MOUNT  RAINIER 
NATIONAL  PARK 

WASHINGTON 

Scale 


NATION 
Asbford       PARK 


Page     twenty-two 


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The  National  Parks  at  a  glance 

United  States  Rai  Iroad  Administration 

Director  General  of  Railroads 

For  particulars  as  to  fares,  train  schedules,  etc.,  apply  to  any  Railroad  Ticket  Agent,  or  to  any 
of  the  following  Consolidated  Ticket  Offices: 

West 


Austin.  Tex  215  Congress  Ave. 
Beaumont.  Tex.  .Orleans  and  Pearl  Sts. 
Bremerton.  Wash  224  Front  St. 
Butte.  Mont  2  N.  Main  St. 
Chicago.    Ill  179  W.  Jackson  St. 
Colorado  Springs,  Colo. 
119  E.  Pike's  Peak  Ave. 
Dallas.  Tex  112-114  Field  St 
Denver.  Colo  60  1    1  7th  St 

Lincoln.  Neb  104  N.   13th  St. 
Little  Rock.  Ark  202  W    2d  St. 
Long  Beach,  Cal..  .  .L.  A.  &S.  L.  Station 
Los  Angeles,  Cal.  ...  221   S.  Broadway 
Milwaukee.  Wis  99  Wisconsin  St. 
Minneapolis,  Minn.  .202  Sixth  St.  South 
Oakland.  Cal.  ..13th  St.  and  Broadway 
Ocean  Park.  Cal  ...  Pacific  Elec.  Depot 
Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 
131    W.   Grand  Ave. 
Omaha,  Neb  1416  Dodge  St. 
Peoria.  Ill  .  .  .Jefferson  and  Liberty  Sts. 
Phoenix,  Ariz. 
Adams  St.  and  Central  Ave. 
Portland,  Ore.  .3d  and  Washington  Sts. 
Pueblo.  Colo  401-3  N.  Union  Ave. 
St.  Joseph.  Mo  505  Francis  St. 
St.  Louis.  Mo.  .  .  318-328  N.  Broadway 

East 

Detroit.  Mich  ...  13  W.  LaFayette  Ave. 
Evansville,  Ind.  .  .  L.  &  N.  R.  R.  Bldg 
Grand  Rapids.  Mich  125  Pearl  St. 
Indianapolis,  Ind..l  12-14  English  Block 
Montreal,  Que  238  St.  James  St. 
Newark.  N.  J  .Clinton  and  Beaver  Sts 
New  York.  N.  Y  64   Broadway 
New  York.  N.  Y  57    Chambers  St. 
New  York.  N.  Y  31  W.  32d  St. 

South 

Knoxville,  Tenn  600  Gay  St. 

St.  Paul,  Minn.  .  .4th  and  Jackson  Sts 
Sacramento.  Cal                           801  K  St' 

Salt  Lake  City.  Utah 
Main  and  S.  Temple  Sts. 
San  Antonio,  Texas 
315-17  N.  St.  Mary's  St. 
San  Diego.  Cal  300   Broadway 
San  Francisco.  Cal  50  Post  St. 
San  Jose.  Cal.,  1st  and  San  Fernando  Sts. 
Seattle.  Wash  714-16  2d   Ave. 
Shreveport.  La.  .Milam  and  Market  Sts. 
Sioux  City    Iowa                       5  10  4th  St 

Des  Moines.  Iowa  403  Walnut  St. 
Duluth,  Minn  334   W.  Superior  St. 
El  Paso.  Tex  ....  Mills  and  Oregon  Sts. 
Ft.  Worth.  Tex  702  Houston  St. 
Fresno.  Cal  J  and  Fresno  Sts. 
Galveston.  Tex.  .21st  and  Market  Sts. 
Helena.  Mont  58  S.  Main  St. 
Houston.  Tex  904  Texas  Ave. 
Kansas  City.  Mo. 
Ry.  Ex.  Bldg..  7th  and  Walnut  Sts. 

Annapolis,  Md  54  Maryland  Ave. 
Atlantic  City.  N.  J.  ..1301  Pacific  Ave. 
Baltimore.   Md  .  .  .  B.  &  O.  R.  R.  Bldg 
Boston,  Mass  67  Franklin  St. 
Brooklyn.  N.  Y  336  Fulton  St. 
Buffalo.  N.  Y  .Main  and  Division  Sts. 
Cincinnati.  Ohio.  .  .6th   and  Main   Sts. 
Cleveland.  Ohio.  .  ..1004  Prospect  Ave. 
Columbus,  Ohio  70  East  Gay  St. 
Dayton,  Ohio                    19  S    Ludlow  St. 

Spokane.    Wash. 
Davenport  Hotel.  815  Sprague  Ave. 
Tacoma.  Wash  ....  1  1  1  7-  1  9  Pacific  Ave. 
Waco.  Texas.  .  .  .6th  and   Franklin  Sts. 
Whittier.  Cal.  .  .  .L.  A.  &  S.  L.  Station 
Winnipeg.  Man  226  Portage  Ave. 

New  York.  N.  Y  II4W.  42d  St. 
Philadelphia.  Pa.  .  ..1539  Chestnut  St. 
Pittsburgh,  Pa  Arcade   Building 
Reading,  Pa  16  N.  Fifth  St. 

Rochester,  N.  Y  20  State  St. 
Syracuse,  N.  Y  355  S.  Warren  St. 
Toledo,  Ohio  320  Madison  Ave. 
Washington.  D.  C.  .  .  1229  F  St.  N.  W. 
Williamsport.  Pa.  ...  4th  and  Pine  Sts. 
Wilmington   Del                905  Market  St 

Asheville,  N.  C  14  S.  Polk  Square 
Atlanta.  Ga  74  Peachtree  St. 
Augusta.  Ga  81  1  Broad  St. 
Birmingham,  Ala  2010  1st  Ave. 
Charleston.  S.  C  Charleston  Hotel 
Charlotte,  N.  C  22  S.  Tryon  St. 
Chattanooga.  Tenn  817  Market  St. 
Columbia.  S.  C  Arcade  Building 
Jacksonville.  Fla  38  W.  Bay  St. 

Paducah    Ky                         430  Broadway 

Pensacola.  Fla  San  Carlos  Hotel 
Raleigh.  N    C  305  LaFayette  St. 
Richmond.  Va  830  E.  Main  St. 
Savannah.  Ga  37  Bull  St. 

Louisville,  Ky.  .  .  .4th   and    Market  Sts. 
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New  Orleans,  La.  .  .  .St.  Charles   Hotel 
Norfolk.  Va  Monticello  Hotel 

Sheffield    Ala                        Sheffield  Hotel 

Tamoa.  Fla  Hillaboro  Hotel 
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Winston-Salem.  N.  C.  .236  N.  Main  St. 

For  detailed  information  regarding    National    Parks   and  Monuments  address    Bureau    of    Service, 
National  Parks  and  Monuments,  or  Travel  Bureau— Western  Lines,  646  Transportation  Bldg.,  Chicago 


POOLE  BROS..  CHICAGO 


Season  1919 


Page     twenty-three 


Narad*  Fall*,  in  the  Paradise  River  Canyon— beautiful  fall*  framed  by  overhanging  ti 


PETRIFIED  FOREST 

National  Monument 


I    X.   O 


•\ 


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UNITED  STATES  RAILROAD  ADMINISTRATION  Mil 


m 

nwS 


N  AT  I  O   N   A 


K.         'SERIES 


Page     two 


Thousands  of  acres  and  millions  of  tons 


An  Appreciation  of 

The  Petrified  Forest  of  Arizona 

By  CHAS.  F.  LUMMIS 

Author  of  "Some  Strange  Corners  of  Our  Country," — "The  Land  of  Poco  Tiempo," 
"Pueblo  Indian  Folk  Stories,"  etc. 


Written  hspccially  for  the  United  States  Railroad  Administration 


"Full  fathom  five  thy  father  lies; 
Of  his  bones  are  coral  made; 
Those  are  pearls  that  were  his  eyes; 

Nothing  of  him  that  doth  fade, 
But  doth  suffer  a  sea-change 
Into  something  rich  and  strange." 

—  The  Tempest. 

SEQUOIA  in  California  is  the  oldest  creature  alive.      It 
had  measured  a  millennium  when  Christ  walked  the  earth. 
But  "that's  no  time  at  all."     Ten  thousand  ages  before 
the  cedars  bloomed  on  Lebanon,  away  out  here  in  the 
Wonderland  of  our  own  Southwest,  the 
"Wind,  that  grand  old  harper,  smote 
His  thunder-harp  of  pines" — 

identical  pines  that  are  with  us  to  this  day.  Not,  indeed,  as  they 
were  in  that  incalculable  Past — for  they  have  Put  on  Immortality, 
and  are  this  side  of  Resurrection.  They  lived  their  green  millenniums, 
and  were  laid  to  bed  under  the  coverlet  of  a  continent,  to  sleep  ten 
times  as  long  as  Parasite  Man  has  crawled  upon  this  globe.  And 
since,  for  as  many  aeons,  the  tireless  moths  of  Erosion  have  been  gnaw- 
ing away  their  league-thick  blankets,  till  at  last  they  are  bared  again 
to  the  Arizona  sun — the  most  imperishable  of  earthly  things,  and  of 
fadeless  beauty;  a  "Forest"  in  Glorified  Stone,  its  very  bark  and 
"rings"  immortalized  in  agate. 

Not  as  that  classic  Munchausen  of  the  Grand  Canyon,  Cap'n  John 
Hance,  loved  to  tell.  "A  forest  of  petrified  trees,  with  petrified  birds 
flying  through  petrified  air,  singing  petrified  songs"-— but  prostrate  and 
unmurmuring  trunks  upon  a  stark  desert  bed. 

How  great  was  once  this  grove  of  giant  conifers  and  willow-kind, 
no  man  will  ever  know — nor  how  much  is  still  buried,  where  ancient 
lava  flows  have  pinned  its  sedimentary  blankets  down.  Some  400,000 
acres  of  it  are  uncovered — in  extent  and  beauty  the  noblest  petrified 
forest  in  the  world.  Only  the  diamond  is  harder  than  its  "wood;" 
only  the  opal  so  rainbowed.  Some  cosmic  cataclysm  mowed  it  down, 
orderly  and  at  a  scythe-swing.  Not  cyclone  nor  freshet — Noah's  flood 
turned  against  it  could  not  have  felled  it  so  fair.  It  is  no  tangle  of 
windfall  or  flotsam.  Swath  by  swath  it  fell,  its  lofty  tops  generally 
to  the  south.  Perhaps  a  far  vaster  earthquake  than  later  split  the 
Mogollon  plateau  to  the  beginnings  of  the  Grand  Canyon  was  the  agent. 

Page     three 


Anyhow,  before  it  could  decay,  the  prostrate  forest  was  submerged 
beneath  some  gentle  sea,  whose  boiling  mineral  springs  and  slow- 
building  sediments  "pickled"  it  forever,  under  the  inconceivable 
pressure  of  two  vertical  miles  of  strata — even  as  we  pygmies  today 
creosote  piles  and  railroad  ties  under  the  inverse  thrust  of  a  vacuum. 
As  agate  to  pine  for  hardness,  as  aeons  to  weeks  for  duration,  as  gems 
to  mud  for  beauty — so  was  God's  "pickling"  to  ours. 

As  unhurried  of  the  Ages,  this  submerged  half-continent  was  then 
exalted  from  three  miles  below  its  miracle-working  sea  to  three  miles 
above  it — so  evenly  that  its  stratum  blankets  were  hardly  rumpled; 
and  the  patient  Weather  began  its  task.  Grain  by  slow  grain,  the 
sandstones  resolved  to  sand  again,  and  found  their  way  to  be  laid 
down  under  later  seas  to  form  some  future  continent.  Upon  these 
one-time  tropics  had  crept  the  Age  of  Ice;  and  crept  back  toward  the 
Pole:  and  had  been  forgotten.  As  dwindling  snow  lets  down  a  twig 
imperceptibly,  so  when  their  stone  coverlet—  "9000  ft.  thick  on  the 
average"  (Drake),  had  melted  to  Erosion,  the  great  fossil  logs  sank 
with  their  sinking  shales  and  clays.  They  are  still  a  mile  above  the 
sea.  In  their  subsidence  they  have  broken  their  backbones  squarely, 
almost  into  vertebrae ;  few  sections  are  20  feet  long — though  some  trees 
were  once  240  feet  tall  (and  still  so  measure  upon  the  ground)  and  nine 
feet  diameter.  A  150-foot  log,  the  "petrified  bridge,"  spans  a  ravine 
between  rock  piers.  The  glittering  "chips,"  like  fossil  butterflies,  pave 
hundreds  of  square  miles,  and  were  "the  first  money  in  America." 
Ages  before  Columbus,  these  chips  of  agate  and  chalcedony  were 
prized  by  the  First  Americans — to  make  the  best  arrowheads  and 
"knives"  that  primitive  man  ever  fashioned.  Prehistoric  Indian 
pueblos,  whose  ruins  we  explore  today  on  surviving  cliffs  500  feet 
above,  controlled  this  aboriginal  "hardware  shop,"  and  bartered  its 
bright  spalls  a  thousand  miles  either  way,  for  the  guacamayo  plumes 
of  Yucatan  to  the  bison  hides  of  the  Plains,  and  the  shells  of  the 
California  Gulf. 

>  In  our  own  day  we  have  sometimes  sawed  these  logs  (with  the  only 
harder  substance,  diamond-dust)  into  36-inch  table-tops,  at  $2500 
each ;  but  it  is  too  costly  to  polish  commercially.  One  company  tried 
grinding  it  for  emery.  Hundreds  of  these  "gem"  logs  have  been 
dynamited  to  get  the  crystals  in  hollow  cores.  I  have  a  piece  not 
three  inches  across;  with  a  quartz  heart,  and  on  one  side  half-inch 
crystals  of  amethyst,  and  on  the  other  their  mates  in  smoky  topaz. 
But  in  1906  the  Petrified  Forest  was  made  a  National  Monument  and 
saved  from  the  "civilized  savage."  The  railroad  traversed  it  in  1882; 
and  it  is  now  easy  of  access.  North  is  the  Black  Forest,  some  of 
whose  great  stumps  still  stand  erect,  their  futile  roots  bedded  in  the 
wasting  clays.  The  Southwest  Museum  in  Los  Angeles  has  the  unique 
terminal  bud  of  one  of  those  giant  Sagillarias.  South  are  the  Rainbow, 
the  Crystal,  the  Blue  and  other  "forests"  of  the  Forest — second  only 
to  the  Grand  Canyon  as  a  chief 
wonder  of  the  Southwestern 
Wonderland. 

Page     four 


To  the  American  People: 

Uncle  Sam  asks  you  to  be  his  guest.  He  has  prepared  for  you  the 
choice  places  of  this  continent — places  of  grandeur,  beauty  and  of 
wonder.  He  has  built  roads  through  the  deep-cut  canyons  and  beside 
happy  streams,  which  will  carry  you  into  these  places  in  comfort,  and 
has  provided  lodgings  and  food  in  the  most  distant  and  inaccessible 
places  that  you  might  enjoy  yourself  and  realize  as  little  as  possible 
the  rigors  of  the  pioneer  traveler's  life.  These  are  for  you.  They  are 
the  playgrounds  of  the  people.  To  see  them  is  to  make  more  hearty 
your  affection  and  admiration  for  America. 


Secretary  of  the  Interior 


Petrified  Forest  National  Monument 


|O  subject  is  of  deeper  in- 
terest, to  educator  and  casual 
tourist  alike,  than  the  history 
of  the  earth  on  which  we  live, 
and  the  wonders  thereof. 
Particularly  that  portion  which  we  call 
America. 

The  earth  itself — our  own  land — how 
did  it  first  awake?  In  the  descriptions 
that  follow  you  will  find  a  brief  account  of 
the  earth-making  process  as  revealed  to 
us  by  a  study  of  the  Petrified  Forest  of 
Arizona  in  the  light  of  modern  scientific 
research. 

In  this  wonderful  region  you  will  find 
beneath  turquoise  skies  pillars  and  bridges 
of  agate  and  chalcedony  and  every  road- 
way strewn  with  gems  that  might  adorn 
the  palaces  of  Golconda  or  the  temples  of 
Ormus. 

Long  ere  the  pithecanthropus  ex- 
changed his  arboreal  dwelling  for  a  cave, 
or  Noah  and  his  family  fled  from  a  bank- 
rupt world — even  ere  Adam  was — forests 
were  growing  in  Arizona.  In  the  course 
of  ages  some  cosmic  catastrophe  struck 
them  down  and  over  them  swept  an  in- 
land sea,  whose  sediments  subsequently 


buried  them  a  mile  or  more  deep.  Dur- 
ing these  long  geologic  periods,  the  subtle 
alchemy  of  Nature  perfected  its  trans- 
mutation. Riven  and  fractured,  the 
ancient  logs  were  again  brought  upward, 
and  after  years  of  erosion  they  were  once 
more  "living"  under  the  brilliant  Arizona 
skies — not  as  they  once  lived,  but  in  a 
glowing  permanent  form.  They  are  there 
today,  the  most  brilliant  aggregation  of 
jewels  on  the  globe.  There  are  agates, 
chalcedony,  jasper,  onyx  and  opals  not 
by  the  handful,  but  by  the  ton. 

And  these  beautiful  mosaics  lie  in  the 
open  air,  scattered  over  thousands  of 
acres,  on  the  great  Southwestern  Plateau, 
with  its  colorful  deserts,  its  lofty  extinct 
volcanoes  whose  iridescent  hues  are  re- 
born and  die  each  day  under  the  magic  of 
the  sunlight,  with  its  vast  lava  fields,  its 
fascinating  ruins  of  a  prehistoric  people 
and  its  equally  interesting  pueblos  of 
their  descendants. 

The  building  of  the  railroad  first 
brought  into  prominence  this  wonderful 
natural  phenomena.  Many  scientists 
visited  the  region  and  made  reports  to 
the  authorities  in  Washington,  from  time 

Page     five 


A  natural  bridge  of  agatized  wood 


to  time.  Even  as  late  as  1906,  a  new 
forest,  the  North  Sigillaria,  was  dis- 
covered by  John  Muir,  the  noted  Cali- 
fornia naturalist. 

The  following  letter  was  written  in 
1899  by  the  acting  Secretary  of  the 
Smithsonian  Institute,  in  response  to  an 
inquiry: 

"The  region  in  Apache  County,  Ari- 
zona, known  as  the  'Petrified  Forest,' 
'Chalcedony  Park,'  and  'Lithodendron 
(stone  trees)  Valley,'  is  of  great  interest 
because  of  the  abundance  of  its  beautiful 
petrified  coniferous  trees,  as  well  as  for 
its  scenic  features.  The  trees  lie  scattered 
about  in  great  profusion,  but  none  stand 
erect  in  their  original  place  of  growth,  as 
do  many  in  the  Yellowstone  National 
Park.  The  National  Museum  possesses 
three  splendid  trunks,  collected  there  at 
the  request  of  General  Sherman." 

A  good  account  of  this  locality  by  Mr. 
Geo.  F.  Kunz,  is  in  part  as  follows: 

"Among  the  great  American  wonders 
is  the  silicified  forest  known  as  Chal- 
cedony Park,  (now  Petrified  Forest  Na- 
tional Monument),  in  Apache  County, 

Page     six 


Arizona.  There  is  every  evidence  that 
the  trees  grew  beside  some  inland  sea. 
After  falling  they  became  water-logged, 
and  during  decomposition  the  cell  struc- 
ture of  the  wood  was  entirely  replaced 
by  silica  from  sandstone  in  the  walls 
surrounding  this  great  sea." 

"Over  the  entire  area,  trees  lie  scattered 
in  all  conceivable  positions  and  in  frag- 
ments of  all  sizes,  the  broken  sections 
sometimes  resembling  a  pile  of  cart 
wheels.  A  phenomenon  perhaps  un- 
paralleled, and  the  most  remarkable  fea- 
ture of  the  park,  is  a  natural  bridge, 
formed  by  a  tree  of  agatized  wood 
spanning  a  canyon  60  feet  in  width.  In 
addition  to  this  span,  fully  fifty  feet  of 
the  tree  rests  on  one  side  making  a 
visible  length  of  over  100  feet." 

Dr.  Walter  Hough,  of  the  Smithsonian 
Institute,  writes  as  follows: 

"In  the  celebrated  Petrified  Forest, 
Arizona,  there  are  ruins  of  several 
Indian  Villages.  These  villages  are 
small,  in  some  cases  have  merely  a  few 
houses,  but  what  gives  them  peculiar 
interest  is  that  they  are  built  of  logs  of 


beautiful  fossil  wood.  The  prehistoric 
dwellers  of  the  land  selected  cylinders  of 
uniform  size,  which  were  seemingly  de- 
termined by  the  carrying  strength  of  a 
man  (or  several  men).  It  is  probable 
that  prehistoric  builders  never  chose 
more  beautiful  stones  for  their  habita- 
tions, than  the  trunks  of  these  trees 
which  flourished  ages  before  man  ap- 
peared on  earth." 

"This  wood  agate  also  furnished  ma- 
terial for  stone  hammers,  arrowheads  and 
knives,  which  are  often  found  in  ruins 
hundreds  of  miles  from  the  forest.  The 
'wood  agate,'  or  'wood  opal'  is  now  cut 
and  polished  into  floor  tiling,  mantels, 
clock  cases,  table  tops,  etc.  The  silver 
testimonial  to  the  French  sculptor  Bar- 
tholdi,  made  by  Tiffany  &  Co.,  had  for 
its  base  a  section  of  this  wood  agate." 

As  a  result  of  the  scientific  investiga- 
tions and  reports,  the  growing  interest  of 
the  public,  and  to  end  the  depredations 
of  vandals,  activity  in  Congress  led  at 
length  to  the  passage  of  the  Act  of  June 
8,  1906,  entitled  "An  Act  for  the  Preser- 
vation of  American  Antiquities,"  and  to 


President  Roosevelt's  proclamation  of 
December  8,  1906,  which,  under  the  name 
of  The  Petrified  Forest  National  Monu- 
ment, placed  the  forest  under  the  pro- 
tection of  the  Government  for  the 
perpetual  enjoyment  of  the  people. 
Area,  25,625  acres. 

But  let  us  turn  to  the  detailed  descrip- 
tion of  one  who  has  made  a  careful, 
scientific  study  of  the  region. 

The  following  is  from  the  report  of 
Prof.  Lester  F.  Ward,  Paleontologist, 
U.  S.  Geological  Survey: 

"These  Petrified  Forests  may  be  prop- 
erly classed  among  the  natural  wonders 
of  America,  and  every  reasonable  effort 
should  be  made  not  only  to  preserve  them 
from  destructive  influences  but  also  to 
make  their  existence  and  true  character 
known  to  the  people." 

"Some  of  the  most  important  consider- 
ations that  may  be  urged  in  favor  of  the 
importance  of  this  region  compared  with 
other  petrified  forests  rest  upon  its 
geological  relations.  It  is  much  more 
ancient  than  those  of  the  Yellowstone 
National  Park,  of  certain  parts  of  Wyo- 


-«;wvM^->:       P\  . 


'.J**X**      •'"'  ^^*        -f  Jf      r* -*qgr  ^  . 

The  plain  is  cut  into  innumerable  ridges,  buttes  and  mesas 


Page     seven 


I 


eijht 


ming,  and  of  the  Calistoga  deposits  in 
California.  The  difference  in  their  an- 
tiquity is  many  millions  of  years.  There 
is  no  other  petrified  forest  in  which  the 
wood  assumes  so  many  varied  colors,  and 
it  is  these  that  present  the  chief  attrac- 
tion for  the  general  public.  The  state  of 
mineralization  in  which  much  of  this  wood 
exists  almost  places  them  among  the 
gems  of  precious  stones.  Not  only  are 
chalcedony,  opals,  and  agates  found 
among  them,  but  many  approach  the 
condition  of  jasper  and  onyx.  The 
degree  of  hardness  attained  by  them  is 
such  that  they  are  said  to  make  an 
excellent  quality  of  emery." 

"This  region  consists  of  the  ruins  of  a 
former  plain  having  an  altitude  above 
sea  level  of  5,700  feet.  This  plain  has 
undergone  extensive  erosion  to  a  maxi- 
mum depth  of  nearly  700  feet,  and  is  cut 
into  innumerable  ridges,  buttes,  and 
small  mesas,  with  valleys,  gorges,  and 
gulches  between.  The  strata  consist  of 
alternating  beds  of  clays,  sandstone 
shales,  and  massive  sandstones.  The 
clays  are  purple,  white  and  blue,  the 


purple  predominating,  the  white  and 
blue  forming  bands  of  different  thickness 
between  the  others,  giving  to  the  cliffs  a 
lively  and  pleasing  effect.  The  sand- 
stones are  chiefly  of  a  reddish  brown  color. 
The  mesas  are  formed  by  the  resistance 
of  the  massive  sandstone  layers — of 
which  there  are  several  at  different 
horizons — to  erosive  agencies,  and  vary 
in  size  from  mere  capstones  of  small 
buttes  to  tables  several  miles  in  extent, 
stretching  to  the  east  and  to  the  north- 
west." 

"The  petrified  logs  are  countless  at  all 
horizons  and  lie  in  the  greatest  profusion 
on  the  knolls,  buttes,  and  spurs,  and  in 
the  ravines  and  gulches,  while  the  ground 
seems  to  be  everywhere  studded  with 
gems,  consisting  of  broken  fragments  of 
all  shapes  and  sizes  and  exhibiting  all 
the  colors  of  the  rainbow.  When  we 
remember  that  this  special  area  is  several 
square  miles  in  extent  some  idea  can  be 
formed  of  the  enormous  quantity  of  this 
material  that  it  contains." 

"The  petrified  logs  do  not  occur  in  the 
same  abundance  throughout.  They  are 


A  tree  in  the  Second  Forest 


Page     nine 


massed  or  collected  together  in  groups 
or  heaps  at  certain  points,  and  may  be 
altogether  absent  at  others.  From  their 
great  abundance  in  the  above  described 
section,  it  must  be  inferred  that  the 
stratum  which  holds  them  was  especially 
rich,  and  the  trunks  must  have  lain  in 
heaps  upon  one  another." 

"Perhaps  the  most  prominent  of  all 
the  scenic  features  of  the  region  is  the 
well  known  Natural  Bridge,  consisting 
of  a  great  petrified  trunk  of  jasper  and 
agate,  lying  across  a  canyon  60  feet  wide 
and  20  feet  deep,  and  forming  a  foot- 
bridge over  which  anyone  may  easily 
pass.  The  Natural  Bridge,  therefore, 
possesses  the  added  interest  of  being  in 
place,  which  can  be  said  of  very  few  of 
the  other  petrified  logs  of  this  region." 

A  Description  of  the  Forests' 
Divisions 

The  First  Forest,  noted  for  its  bright  colors, 
is  distant  about  six  miles  from  Adamana  (alti- 
tude 5,277  feet).  It  is  easily  reached  in  an  hour 
and  a  half.  The  journey  may  be  made  in  a 
leisurely  fashion,  starting  late  in  the  morning 
and  returning  at  dusk,  with  an  hour  enroute  for 
inspection  of  the  Hieroglyphic  Rocks  and  Aztec 


Ruins,  and  plenty  of  time  to  see  the  Second 
Forest,  too.  The  chief  object  of  interest  is  the 
Natural  Log  Bridge,  which  is  mentioned  else- 
where. The  Eagle's  Nest,  Snow  Lady  and 
Dewey's  Cannon  are  in  this  locality. 

The  Second  Forest  is  two  and  one-half  miles 
due  south  of  the  first  one,  the  trip  requiring 
thirty  minutes  each  way.  It  contains  about 
two  thousand  acres.  The  trees  are  mostly  intact, 
large  and  many  of  them  highly  colored.  The 
Twin  Sisters  are  an  interesting  sight  here. 

The  Third  Forest  covers  a  greater  area  than 
the  others.  It  lies  thirteen  miles  southwest  of 
Adamana  and  eighteen  miles  southeast  of  Hoi- 
brook.  There  are  several  hundred  whole  trees, 
some  of  them  more  than  two  hundred  feet  long. 
The  colors  are  very  striking,  comprising  every 
tint  of  the  rainbow  and  therefore  the  local 
name  of  Rainbow  Forest  is  very  appropriate. 

The  Blue  Forest  (smallest  of  the  five),  located 
seven  miles  east  of  Adamana,  is  one  of  the  two 
districts  discovered  by  John  Muir.  It  is  noted 
for  the  blue  tints  of  its  trees. 

The  North  Sigillaria  Forest,  a  new  "find",  is 
nine  miles  north  from  Adamana,  and  contains 
many  finely  preserved  specimens  of  the  carbon- 
iferous period — some  of  the  stumps  still  standing 
where  they  grew.  It  is  located  on  the  bottom 
and  sides  of  a  shallow  canyon,  with  buttes  and 
mesas  of  different  colored  clays  and  rocks.  One 
fallen  monarch  is  147  feet  long.  A  wide  view  of 
the  Painted  Desert  may  be  had  here  and  on  the 


Petrified  tree  in  a  stratum  of  sandstone 


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Scene  in  Third  Forest 
Page     twelve 


Huge  tree  in  North  Forest 


Overlooking  North  Forest  and 
The  Painted  Desert 


PETRIFIED  FOREST 
NATIONAL  MONUMENT 

ARIZONA 

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way  out  an  Indian  ruin  is  passed.  The  round 
trip  to  either  of  the  two  last  named  Forests 
requires  about  four  hours  time,  though  if  one  is 
in  a  hurry,  all  the  Forests  except  the  Third  may 
be  visited  by  auto  in  a  day's  time. 

Only  the  First,  Second  and  Third  Forests  are 
included  in  the  Petrified  Forest  National  Monu- 
ment. 

Cost  of  Trips  and  Hotel 
Accommodations 

Except  the  small  hotel,  railway  station  and 
store,  there  are  few  buildings  at  Adamana. 
Mr.  Wm.  Nelson  has  charge  of  the  hotel  and 
livery  accommodations.  The  hotel  has  sanitary 
plumbing,  with  hot  and  cold  water.  Board  and 
lodging  may  be  had  at  $3.00  per  day  American 
plan;  thirty-five  guests  can  be  accommodated; 
in  summer,  tents  also  are  provided  for  guests. 

The  round- trip  fare  to  the  First  and  Second 
Forests  and  Natural  Bridge  is  $5.00  for  one 
person,  $3.00  per  capita  for  two  persons,  and 
$2.50  per  capita  for  three  or  more. 

To  the  Third,  Blue  or  North  Sigillaria  Forests 
and  Painted  Desert  the  fare  is  same  as  to  the 
First  and  Second  Forests. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  trips  from  Adam- 
ana  is  northeast  to  Wide  Ruins  (Kin-Tiel),  a 
Navajo  trading  post,  built  among  the  ruins  of  an 
Aztec  village.  On  the  way  you  pass  Pinta, 
Inscription  Rock,  a  bit  of  the  Painted  Desert 
and  Tanner  Springs,  a  big  cattle  and  sheep 
ranch  on  the  Navajo  reservation.  It  is  about 
three  hours  and  a  half  by  auto;  $30.00  round 
trip  for  four  persons  or  less.  If  desired,  this 
trip  may  be  continued  farther  north  through 
the  Navajo  country.  Notice  in  advance  to 
Mr.  Wm.  Nelson  at  Adamana,  Arizona,  owner  of 
livery,  will  insure  proper  handling  of  parties. 

Mr.  Nelson  also  equips  camping  parties  for 
the  Hopi  and  Navajo  Indian  Reservations,  and 
for  a  few  days'  trip  into  the  Painted  Desert. 

Holbrook,  the  county  seat  town,  has  satis- 
factory hotel  accommodations,  with  prices  about 
the  same  as  at  Adamana. 

The  Petrified  Forest  may  be  visited  any  day 
in  the  year,  except  when  high  waters  make  the 
streams  temporarily  impassable. 

Stop-Over  Arrangements 

Stop-overs  are  allowed  at  Adamana,  not  to 
exceed  ten  days,  on  all  one-way  tickets,  also  on 
round-trip  tickets  within  their  limits. 

Stop-overs  are  also  allowed  on  Pullman 
tickets. 

To  obtain  stop-overs  on  one-way  tickets, 
notify  train  conductor  and  deposit  tickets  with 
agent  immediately  after  arrival;  on  round-trip 
tickets  notify  train  conductor. 


Park  Administration 

Petrified  Forest  National  Monument  is  under 
the  jurisdiction  of  the  Director,  National  Park 
Service,  Department  of  the  Interior,  Washing- 
ton, D.  C.  The  Monument  Custodian  is  located 
at  Adamana,  Arizona. 

U.  S.  Government  Publications 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
free  on  written  application  to  the  Director  of 
the  National  Park  Service,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Glimpses    of    our    National    Parks.      48    pages, 
illustrated. 

Map  of  National  Parks  and  National  Monu- 
ments. Shows  location  of  all  the  national 
parks  and  monuments,  and  railroad  routes 
these  reservations. 


ned 


The  following  publication  may  be  obtai 
from  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  Govern- 
ment Printing  Office,  Washington,  D.  C.,  at 
price  given.  Remittances  should  be  by  money 
order  or  in  cash. 


By    Robert 
itions. 


The    National    Parks    Portfolio. 

Sterling  Yard.  260  pages,  270  illustratic 
Pamphlet  edition,  35  cents;  book  edition,  55 
cents.  Contains  nine  sections,  each  descriptive 
of  national  park. 

U.  S.  R.  R.  Administration 
Publications 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtai 
free  on  application  to  any  consolidated  tic! 
office;  or  apply  to  the  Bureau  of  Service,  Nati< 
Parks  and  Monuments,  or  Travel  Bureai 
Western  Lines,  646  Transportation  Build) 
Chicago,  111. 

Arizona  and  New  Mexico  Rockies 
California  for  the  Tourist 
Colorado  and  Utah  Rockies 
Crater  Lake  National  Park,  Oregon 
Glacier  National  Park,  Montana 
Grand  Canyon  National  Park,  Arizona 
Hawaii  National  Park,  Hawaiian  Islands 
Hot  Springs  National  Park,  Arkansas 
Mesa  Verde  National  Park,  Colorado 
Mount  Rainier  National  Park,  Washington 
Northern  Lakes — Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  Upj 

Michigan,  Iowa  and  Illinois. 
Pacific  Northwest  and  Alaska 
Petrified  Forest  National  Monument,  Arizona 
Rocky  Mountain  National  Park,  Colorado 
Sequoia    and    General    Grant    National    Pai 

California 
Yellowstone    National    Park,    Wyoming, 

tana.  Idaho 

Yosemite  National  Park,  California 
Zion  National  Monument,  Utah 


Page     fourteen 


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The  National  Parks  at  a  Glan 


United   States   Railroad  Administration 

Director  General  of  Railroads 

For  particulars  as  to  fares,  train  schedules,  etc.,  apply  to  any  Railroad  Ticket  Agent,  or  to  any 
of  the  following  Consolidated  Ticket  Offices: 

West 

Lincoln.  Neb 104  N.  13th  St. 

Little  Rock.  Ark 202  W.  2d  St. 

Long  Beach.  Cal .  .  L.  A.  «c  S.  L.  Station 
Los  Angeles.  Cal.  .  .  .215  S.  Broadway 

Milwaukee.  Wis 99  Wisconsin  St. 

Minneapolis.  Minn..  202  Sixth  St.  South 


Beaumont,  Tex..  Orleans  and  Pearl  Sts. 

Bremerton.  Wash 224  Front  St. 

Butte.  Mont 2N.  Main  St. 

Chicago.  Ill 175  W.  Jackson  Blvd. 

Colorado  Springs.  Colo. 

1 19  E.  Pike's  Peak  Ave. 

Dallas.  Tex 112-114  Field  St. 

Denver.  Colo 601    17th  St. 

Des  Moines.  Iowa 403  Walnut  St. 

Duluth.  Minn 334  W.  Superior  St. 

El  Paso.  Ten: Mills  and  Oregon  Sts. 

Ft.  Worth.  Tex 702  Houston  St. 

Fresno.  Cal J  and  Fresno  Sts. 

Galveston.  Tex.  .21st  and  Market  Sts. 

Helena.  Mont 58  S.  Main  St. 

Houston.  Tex 904  Texas  Ave. 

Kansas  City.  Mo. 

Ry.  Ex.  Bldg..  7th  and  Walnut  Sts. 


Annapolis.  Md 54  Maryland  Ave. 

Atlantic  City.  N.  J..  1301  Pacific  Ave. 

Baltimore.  Md B.  &  O.  R.  R.  Bldg. 

Boston.  Mass 67  Franklin  St. 

Brooklyn.  N.  Y 336  Fulton  St. 

Buffalo.  N.  Y.  .Main  and  Division  Sts. 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  .  .6th  and  Main  Sts. 

Cleveland.  Ohio 1004  Prospect  Ave. 

Columbus.    Ohio 70  East  Gay  St. 

Dayton.  Ohio 19  S.  Ludlow  St. 


Asheville.  N.  C 14  S.  Polk  Square 

Atlanta.  Ga 74  Peachtree  St. 

Augusta.  Ga 811  Broad  St. 

Birmingham.  Ala 2010  1st  Ave. 

Charleston.  S.  C Charleston  Hotel 

Charlotte.  N.  C 22  S.  Tryon  St. 

Chattanooga.  Tenn 817  Market  St. 

Columbia.  S.  C Arcade  Building 

Jacksonville.  Fla 38  W.  Bay  St. 

No, 


Oakland.  Cal. . .  13th  St.  and  Broadway 

Ocean  Park.  Cal 160  Pier  Ave. 

Oklahoma  City.  Okla. 

131  W.  Grand  Ave. 

Omaha.  Neb 1416  Dodge  St. 

Peoria.  III.  .  .Jefferson  and  Liberty  Sts. 
Phoenix,  Ariz. 

Adams  St.  and  Central  Ave. 
Portland.  Ore.  .3d  and  Washington  Sts. 

Pueblo.  Colo 401-3  N.  Union  Ave. 

St.  Joseph.  Mo 505  Francis  St. 

St.  Louis,  Mo. 

318-328  North  Broadway 

East 

Detroit.  Mich ...  13  W.  LaFayette  Ave. 
Evansville.  Ind  ...  L.  &  N.  R.  R.  Bldg. 

Grand  Rapids.  Mich 125  Pearl  St. 

Indianapolis.  Ind..  I  12-14  English  Block 
Newark,  N.  J.,  Clinton  and  Beaver  Sts. 

New  York.  N.  Y 64  Broadway 

New  York.  N.  Y 57  Chambers  St. 

New  York.  N.  Y 31  W.  32dSt. 

New  York.  N.  Y 1 14  W.  42d  St. 

South 

Knoxville.    Tenn 600  Gay  St. 

Lexington,  Ky Union  Station 

Louisville.  Ky.  .  .  .4th  and  Market  Sts. 

Lynchburg.  Va 722  Main  St. 

Memphis.  Tenn 60  N.  Main  St. 

Mobile,  Ala 51  S.  Royal  St. 

Montgomery,  Ala Exchange  Hotel 

Nashville,  Tenn. Independent  Life  Bldg. 
.St.  Charles  Hotel 


St.  Paul.  Minn.  .  .4th  and  Jackson  Sts. 
Sacramento.  Cal  ...........  801   K  St. 

Salt  Lake  City.  Utah 

Main  and  S.  Temple  Sts. 
San  Antonio.  Tex. 

3  1  5-1  7  N.  St.  Mary's  St. 


San  Diego,  Cal 


300  Broadway 


San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Lick  Bldg..  Post  St.  and  Lick  Place 
San  Jose,  Cal..  I  at  and  San  Fernando  Sts. 
Seattle.  Wash  .  .  ......  .714-16  2d  Ave. 

Shreveport,  La.,  Milam  and  Market  Sts. 
Sioux  City,  Iowa  .........  510  4th  St. 

Spokane,  Wash. 

Davenport  Hotel,  815  Sprague  Ave. 
Tacoma,  Wash.  ..1117-19  Pacific  Ave. 
Waco.  Tex  ......  6th  and  Franklin  Sts. 

Whittier.  Cal.  .  .  .L.  A.  &  S.  L.  Station 

Winnipeg,  Man  ......  226  Portage  Ave. 


Philadelphia.  Pa. ...  1539  Chestnut  St. 

Pittsburgh,  Pa Arcade  Building 

Reading.  Pa 16  N.  Fifth  St. 

Rochester.  N.  Y 20  State  St. 

Syracuse.  N.  Y 355  So.  Warren  St. 

Toledo,  Ohio 320  Madison  Ave. 

Washington.  D.  C. .  .  1229  F  St.  N.  W. 

Williamsport.  Pa 4th  and  Pine  Sts. 

Wilmington.  Del 905  Market  St. 


Paducah.  Ky 430  Broadway 

Pensacola,  Fla San  Carlos  Hotel 

Raleigh.  N.  C 305  LaFayette  St. 

Richmond.  Va 830  E.  Main  St. 

Savannah.  Ga 37  Bull  St. 

Sheffield.  Ala Sheffield  Hotel 

Tampa,  Fla Hillsboro  Hotel 

Vicksburg.  Miss.  .1319  Washington  St. 
Winston-Salem.  N.  C..  236  N.  Main  St. 


New  Orleans.  La 

folk.  Va Monticello  Hotel 

For  detailed  information  regarding  National  Parks  and  Monuments  address  Bureau  of  Service,  National  Parks  and 
Monuments,  or  Travel  Bureau — Western  Lines,  646  Transportation  Building,  Chicago. 

SEASON.    1919  PRESS  OF  W.  J.   HARTMAN  CO..  CHICAGO  Page        fifteen 


'And  in  the  fullness  of  the  ages  the  immortal  Forest  came  back  to  the  sunlight,  where  once  its 
myriad  leaves  danced  and  breathed  a  mortal  air." 


dniininiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiiuiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiniiiiHiiniiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiiHiiHiiiiiiHiiHimiiiiHmiiiHiiiumiimi, 


ROCKY  MOUNTAIN 

National   Park 


D    O 


•*, 


UNITED  STATES  RAILROAD  ADMINISTRATION  IBM 


N  AT  I  O    N   A   L 


Copyright  by   Wiawatt 

The  Village  of  Estes  Park  nettles  in  a  quiet  little  valley,  surrounded  by  mountain* 
Pa  A  •     two 


An  Appreciation  of 

Rocky  Mountain  National  Park 

By  ENDS  A.  MILLS. 
Author  of  "Wild  Life  on  the  Rockies."  "The  Rocky  Mountain  Wonderland."  etc. 

Written  Especially  for  the  United  States  Railroad  Administration 

Rocky  Mountain  National  Park  is  a  marvelous  grouping  of  gentle- 
ness and  grandeur;  an  eloquent,  wordless  hymn,  sung  in  silent,  poetic 
pictures;  a  wilderness  mountain  world  of  groves  and  grass  plots,  crags 
and  canyons,  rounded  lakes  with  shadow-matted  shores  that  rest  in 
peace  within  the  purple  forest.  There  are  wild  flowers  of  every  color,  and  many 
a  silken  meadow  edged  with  ferns.  Brokenness  and  beauty,  terrace  upon  terrace, 
a  magnificent  hanging  wild  garden. 

Over  these  terraces  waters  rush  and  pour.  From  ice-sculptured,  snow-piled 
peaks,  young  and  eager  streams  leap  in  white  cascades  between  crowding  cliffs 
and  pines. 

Through  this  wildness  winds  the  trail,  with  its  secrets  of  the  centuries,  where 
adventures  come  and  go  and  where  the  magic  camp  fire  blossoms  in  the  night. 

In  these  primeval  scenes  the  grizzly  bear  gives  to  the  wilderness  its  master  spell; 
the  mountain  ram  poses  on  the  cliff;  the  laughing,  varied  voice  of  the  coyote  echoes 
when  the  afterglow  falls;  the  home-loving  beaver  builds  his  willow-fringed  hut;  the 
birds  sing;  the  cheerful  chipmunk  frolics  and  never  grows  up;  and  here  the  world 
stays  young. 

The  Rocky  Mountain  National  Park  holds  adventure  for  every  visitor.  In  it 
the  world  is  new  and  wild,  and  on  the  imagination  it  produces  the  explorer's  stirring 
joys.  Its  mile-high,  unfenced  scenes  give  freedom — splendid  landscapes  of  the 
ideal  world. 

Here  for  everyone  are  health  and  hope,  efficiency  and  joy. 

Not  a  wild  animal  in  this  or  any  national  park  is  ferocious. 

Strong  is  the  friendliness  of  nature.  With  it  everyone  has  a  place  in  the  sun. 
Her  privileges  are  for  each  and  all.  Nature  is  universal,  and  here  the  stranger  makes 
intimate  acquaintances.  Prejudice  ceases.  Each  is  at  his  best.  In  this  greatest 
wilderness  meeting  place  the  East  and  the  West  understand  and  become  friends. 
Travel  unites  people. 

Into  this  Park  through  the  years  will  pour  a  continuous  procession  of  peoples 
to  mingle  and  form  an  international  conference  of  friends.  Here  flags  of  nations 
and  national  boundary  lines  are  forgotten.  Kinship  is  the  spirit  of  Nature. 


Page    t  h  f  9  9 


To  the  American  People: 

Uncle  Sam  asks  you  to  be  his  guest.  He  has  prepared  for  you  the 
choice  places  of  this  continent — places  of  grandeur,  beauty  and  of 
wonder.  He  has  built  roads  through  the  deep-cut  canyons  and  beside 
happy  streams,  which  will  carry  you  into  these  places  in  comfort,  and 
has  provided  lodgings  and  food  in  the  most  distant  and  inaccessible 
places  that  you  might  enjoy  yourself  and  realize  as  little  as  possible 
the  rigors  of  the  pioneer  traveler's  life.  These  are  for  you.  They  are 
the  playgrounds  of  the  people.  To  see  them  is  to  make  more  hearty 
your  affection  and  admiration  for  America. 


Secretary  of  the  Interior 


Rocky  Mountain  National  Park 


MAGINE  a  giant  hand  with 
the  base  of  the  palm  as 
Estes  Park  Village  and  the 

^^     fingers  extending  westward 

toward  the  Divide,  the 
fingers  roughly  representing  the  moun- 
tain spurs,  moraines  and  peaks  given  off 
from  the  main  range,  and  the  spaces  be- 
tween, the  intermediate  canyons,  with 
their  many  streams,  which  converge  at 
the  village  to  form  the  Big  Thompson 
River;  imagine  another  but  smaller  hand 
to  the  south  reaching  into  the  park  from 
the  east  towards  Long's  Peak  and  the 
peaks  to  the  south,  the  streams  from  this 
watershed  forming  the  St.  Vrain  River; 
then  imagine  the  finger  tips  merging  into 
the  Continental  Divide,  each  as  a  living 
glacier — and  there  you  will  have  the 
Park's  topography. 

Then  clothe  the  canyons  in  garments 
of  evergreen  forest  and  the  glades  with 
the  quaking  aspen,  floor  the  rocky 
gorges  with  sky-blue  lakes  and  hang 
their  walls  with  tumbling  waterfalls, 
carpet  all  the  open  spaces — from  above 
timber  line  down  to  the  broad  spreading 
meadows  where  the  rivers  merrily  sing 
their  way — with  a  huge  army  *f  brilliant 

P  *t  •  four 


LA  Oil 

• 


hued  wild  flowers;  then  people  t 
Arcadia  plentifully  with  the  wild  li 
whose  natural  home  it  is — the  finne 
furred  and  feathered — the  wily  trou 
the  beaver  and  the  mountain  sheep  (t 
mention  only  a  few) ;  and  lastly  spread 
over  all  a  turquoise  blue  sky  with  a  dry, 
crystal  atmosphere,  shot  through  with 
brilliant  sunshine,  and  you  will  have  an 
idea  of  what  Rocky  Mountain  National 
Park  really  is. 

The  attendance  figures  are  increasi 
each  year  far  beyond  the  most  enthusi 
tic  prophesies.     Even  though  it  is  on 
of  our  newest  national  parks,  it  annually 
entertains  more  visitors  than  any  of  the 
other  national  parks. 

When  it  is  considered  that  the  vaca- 
tionist is  whisked  from  Chicago  or  St. 
Louis  to  Denver,  then  set  at  the  foot  of 
one  of  the  mightiest  mountains  of  the 
Rockies'  main  range  in  about  a  day  and 
a  half  of  actual  travel,  it  is  realized  how 
much  of  a  public  benefit  was  conferred 
when  Congress  in  1915  set  aside  this, 
the  easternmost  of  our  western  national 
playgrounds. 

Not  only  is  this  national  park  the 
composite  of  all  that  is  fairest,  m 


- 


Auto  highway  through  the  Big  Thompson   Canyon.       The  approaches  to  the  Park  axe  of  untiring  interest  to  the 
visitor,  and  the  roads  a  constant  delight  to  the  motorist 

P  a  6«      f  iv  9 


awe-inspiring  and  climatically  ideal  in 
the  Rocky  Mountain  region,  but  it  is 
not  far  from  the  geographical  center  of 
the  country,  and  is  the  most  easily 
reached  by  a  large  number  of  people  of 
all  our  national  parks. 

This  region  of  endless  wonder  and 
fascination  is  only  seventy  miles  from 
Denver  by  auto  all  the  way,  or  by 
rail  to  several  different  gateways,  thence 
auto  for  about  twenty-five  or  forty 
miles — not  a  long,  tiring,  monotonous 
ride  through  an  uninteresting  country, 
but  instead  it  is  a  motor  trip  that  ranks 
among  the  finest  in  Colorado.  Follow- 
ing the  rushing  waters  of  the  Big  Thomp- 
son or  the  St.  Vrain,  over  hard-surfaced 
roads,  through  deep  canyons,  wonderful 
in  their  coloring,  the  big,  roomy,  power- 
ful automobiles  take  the  grade  with  such 
ease  that  one  hardly  realizes  that  he  is 
climbing  rapidly.  Enraptured  by  the 
intensely  interesting  scenes,  the  traveler 
is  all  too  suddenly  aware  of  his  journey's 
end,  when  the  magnificent  panorama  of 
Estes  Park  Village  and  Rocky  Mountain 
National  Park  unexpectedly  bursts  into 
view.  Soon  he  is  eating  dinner  at  one 
of  the  large  hotels,  or  at  a  small  ranch 
hotel,  or  in  a  modestly  appointed  cot- 
tage, as  choice  may  dictate.  A  feature 
of  the  Park  is  its  adaptability;  one  may 
rest  and  recreate  amid  most  entrancing 
surroundings,  with  a  range  of  accommo- 
dations from  the  elaborate  furnishings 
and  service  of  the  large  city  hostelry  to 
the  simplicity  of  the  secluded  log  cabin 
or  the  outpost  tent  cottage.  In  short, 
life  may  be  lived  here  in  a  manner  to  suit 
the  taste  and  the  purse  of  the  individual. 
He  may  rough  it  or  enjoy  the  con- 
veniences and  luxuries  of  the  city.  The 
tired  business  man  who  just  wants  to 
"loaf"  amid  incomparable  grandeur; 
the  active,  outdoor  young  American; 
the  geologist,  who  is  studying  moraines 
and  glaciers,  and  the  botanist,  all  will 
find  life  enjoyable  here. 

Another  noteworthy  feature  is  that 
special  outfitting  is  unnecessary;  no 
unusual  preparation  need  precede  the 
journey  to  the  Park.  The  Park  itself 
provides  the  entertainment.  Any  sup- 
plies considered  essential  can  be  secured 
at  Estes  Park  Village,  or  at  any  one 
of  the  several  Park  gateway  cities. 

Rocky  Mountain  National  Park  ex- 
tends approximately  twenty-five  miles 


north  and  south,  and  fifteen  miles  east 
and  west,  embracing  about  400  square 
miles  of  territory. 

From  the  northwest  corner  to  the 
middle  of  its  southern  boundary  the 
snow-capped  giants  forming  the  Conti- 
nental Divide  rear  their  grim,  rocky 
crests  in  an  irregular  line  which  forms 
the  backbone  of  this  Park  and  is  its 
commanding  feature,  ever  present,  ever 
changing,  and  ever  awe-inspiring.  Here 
are  fifty-one  peaks  with  summits  more 
than  10,000  feet  high,  also  unnumbered 
canyons,  about  200  lakes,  many  un- 
named, waterfalls,  glaciers,  native  forests 
and  wild  flowers.  Exceptionally  rugged 
and  out-of-the-way  places  appeal  espe- 
cially to  the  explorer. 

There  is  probably  no  mountain  range 
more  majestic  than  the  main  range  of 
the  Rockies  as  seen  from  almost  any 
part  of  the  Park,  and  one  of  the  most 
striking  features  is  the  accessibility  of 
these  mountain  tops.  One  may  mount 
a  horse  after  early  breakfast  in  the  val- 
ley, ride  up  Flattop  to  enjoy  one  of  the 
great  views  of  the  world,  and  be  back  for 
late  luncheon;  or  cross  the  Continental 
Divide  from  the  hotels  of  one  side  to  t 
hotels  of  the  other  side  of  the  Park, 
tween  early  breakfast  and  late  dinner. 

From   early   dawn,    with   its   delicate 
tints    of    rose    and    amethyst,    to    later 
afternoon,  with  its  golden  sunshine  and 
lengthening  purple  shadows,   the  range 
presents    an    ever-changing    panoram 
On  a  peak,  perhaps,  settles  momentaril 
a   gray  snow-cloud;   in   yonder   canyo 
breaks  a  brief-lived  shower,  sunshot  wit 
silvery  rain  as  it  quickly  clears  awa 
while  over  all,   the    fleece    flecked   sa 
phire   sky   and   dazzling   sunlight    hoi 
sway.     At  midday,  all  Nature  rests  a 
in  its  brighter  light  the  range  seems 
cower  and  grow  small,  only  to  reasse 
itself  in  full  power  and  majesty  as  da 
ends  with  a  sunset  of  such  splendor 
only  the  Rockies  may  boast. 

It  is  in  its  nearer  and  more  intima 
aspects,  however,  that  the  exquisit 
beauties  of  the  Park  reveal  themselves. 
In  the  lower  levels  are  widespread  undu- 
lating meadows,  dotted  with  evergreens 
and  interspersed  with  the  hills  anc 
ridges  which  thrust  themselves  forwa 
in  all  directions  from  the  main  range 
the  west,  and  from  the  lesser  range 
the  east,  which  completes  its  encircli 


P  ft    4  «        SIT 


Chasm  Gorge  is  one  of  the  Park's  wonder  spots — Long's  Peak  in  the  distance 


protection.  Thus  diversified,  the  land- 
scape becomes  a  scenic  kaleidoscope,  no 
matter  how  short  a  distance  one  may 
wander.  This  constitutes  not  the  least 
of  the  Park's  many  charms. 

Unless  the  visitor  deliberately  chooses 
to  do  otherwise,  he  will  find  his  foot- 
steps leading  unconsciously  to  the 
heights,  and  as  he  climbs  and  gets  his 
first  wonderful  views  of  the  surrounding 
country  his  desire  to  scale  the  more 
lofty  crests  grows  in  proportion  as 
he  ascends,  until  finally  he  becomes 
obsessed  with  a  desire  to  climb  that 
noble  mountain  of  the  rampart  range, 
Long's  Peak,  from  whose  summit  the 
whole  world  seems  to  lie  at  one's  feet. 
But  he  who  is  mountain- wise  will 
not  make  such  an  attainment  an 
end  in  itself,  or  he  will  have  missed 
entirely  the  many  pleasures  which  lie  by 
the  way  on  every  hand.  Here  a  bab- 
bling stream  with  a  bed  of  wild  flowers 
hidden  among  the  trees  upon  its  bank; 
or  along  its  smoother  stretches  an  in- 
dustrious beaver  colony.  There  a  grove 
of  quivering  aspen.  On  one  hand  a 
splashing  waterfall,  seeming  to  burst 
from  the  cool  shadows  of  the  mountain 
side  to  drop  forty  or  fifty  feet  to  the  pool 
below;  on  the  other  hand,  an  open  forest 
of  ancient  cedars,  or  perhaps  one  of 
those  exquisitely  blue,  forest-circled 


mountain  lakes,  carrying  upon  its  bosom, 
even  in  midsummer,  the  ice  which  here 
has  its  permanent  home. 

And  below,  the  silvery,  trout-filled 
streams  wind  their  tortuous  course, 
while  rising  from  the  rocky  fastnesses 
above,  may  now  and  then  be  glimpsed 
the  snowy  peaks. 

And  these  are  not  imaginary  pictures, 
but  real  scenes  which  may  be  found  in 
the  uplands  almost  anywhere  through- 
out the  Park. 

An   Invigorating  Climate 

The  climate  of  Rocky  Mountain 
National  Park  needs  no  extensive  de- 
scription. Due  to  the  altitude,  which 
varies  from  7,500  to  14,255  feet,  the  air 
is  light,  very  dry,  and  has  a  wonderfully 
stimulating  effect,  especially  upon  those 
accustomed  to  the  lower  levels.  The 
sunshine  is  genial,  warm,  bright  and 
almost  constant  during  the  summer 
months.  Very  rarely  is  there  a  rainy 
"spell, "or,  in  fact,  a  single  day  during 
which  the  sun  does  not  show  itself  for 
awhile,  the  occasional  afternoon  showers 
being  of  short  duration.  The  sunshine 
may  be  hot  at  midday,  but  always  there 
is  a  cool  spot  in  the  shade.  And 
though  one  may  freely  perspire  when 
indulging  in  vigorous  play  or  work  in 
the  sun,  yet  it  is  without  discomfort, 


P  -»  g  e    seven 


P  a  tf «    eight 


Picnicking  on  the  thoro*  of  L«k«  Nanita 


because  of  the  instant  evaporation  of 
moisture,  due  to  the  dryness  of  the 
atmosphere.  The  nights  are  cool,  often 
even  cold;  blankets  always  are  welcome 
and  sound  sleep  is  the  rule. 

The  deep  breathing,  which  one  culti- 
vates naturally  in  this  rarefied  atmos- 
phere, sends  the  blood  coursing  through 
the  body  with  new  life  and  energy, 
bringing  rosy  cheeks  and  bright  eyes  and 
a  new  interest  in  life.  One  may  have 
come  intent  on  idleness,  but,  with  that 
splendid  feeling  of  well  being  and  pure 
joy  in  living  which  the  first  few  days 
bring,  comes  a  longing  for  action,  and 
soon  one  is  in  the  full  swing  of  some  out- 
door recreation.  It  is  indeed  quite  true 
that  the  Park  climate  is  so  beneficial, 
both  physically  and  mentally,  that  this 
alone  offers  sufficient  inducement  for 
spending  a  vacation  in  this  region. 

Recreation  Amid  Inspiring  and 
Healthful  Surroundings 

What  to  do  may  be  briefly  summed  up: 
Motoring,  horseback  riding,  walking, 
mountain  climbing,  fishing  and  camera 
shooting  for  the  actively  inclined;  and 
for  all,  the  enjoyment  of  the  many 
wonderful  scenes  with  their  changing 
lights  and  shadows  and  the  health- 
giving  mountain  air.  Tennis,  golf,  cro- 
quet, etc.,  are  attractions  at  some  of  the 
resorts.  Horseback  riding,  hiking  and 
mountain  climbing,  however,  are  the 
favorite  pastimes  because  of  the  splendid 
roads  and  trails  which  lead  in  every 
direction  over  the  rolling  meadows, 
through  the  canyons,  along  the  sunlit 
streams — even  to  the  apparently  inac- 
cessible heights. 

Automobile  roads  gridiron  the  lower 
levels  and  reach  the  hotel  resorts.  This 
is  not  remarkable,  as  the  natural  sur- 
faces are  smooth;  suitable  road  material 
is  everywhere,  and  good  roads  are  easily 
made.  Traveling  leisurely,  so  as  to 
fully  enjoy  the  rare  pleasures  by  the  way, 
the  sightseer  still  may  traverse  all  the 
motor  roads  of  the  Park  in  a  few  days, 
although  a  favorite  plan  is  to  make  one- 
day  picnic  trips,  going  as  far  as  possible 
in  a  given  direction  by  motor  and  spend- 
ing the  remainder  of  the  day  in  climbing 
and  exploring  the  upper  wilds  which  are 
reached  only  by  trail.  Even  though  a 
different  trip  is  planned  for  every  day, 
weeks  may  be  profitably  spent  in  this 


way.  Automobiles  may  be  rented  at 
reasonable  rates  in  the  village. 

Horseback  riding  is  pre-eminently  the 
most  popular  sport  m  the  Park,  due  to 
the  number  and  variety  of  rides  that  are 
possible.  For,  with  good  trails  leading 
in  every  direction,  and  the  almost  count- 
less attractions,  the  visitor  may  ride 
day  after  day  and  week  after  week  and 
yet  never  take  the  same  ride  or  visit  the 
same  destinations  twice. 

Almost  everybody  rides — the  young, 
the  old,  the  middle-aged;  and  all  derive 
lasting  benefits.  Good  saddle  horses 
may  be  obtained  at  the  various  liveries 
and  at  all  the  outlying  resorts.  They 
are  well  broken  and  reliable,  and 
accustomed  even  to  the  most  difficult 
mountain  trails. 

Most  of  the  streams  in  the  Park  and 
many  of  the  lakes  are  well  supplied  with 
native  and  rainbow  trout,  and  the  fisher- 
man will  here  find  ample  reward  for  his 
skill  and  patience,  especially  in  the  Big 
Thompson  River  and  its  tributaries.  A 
local  fish  hatchery  annually  supplies  the 
streams  of  the  Park  with  millions  of  trout, 
thus  insuring  the  upkeep  of  the  supply. 

There  are  golf  courses.  Worthy  of 
particular  mention  is  the  18-hole  course 
of  the  Estes  Park  Country  Club,  adja- 
cent to  the  village.  Club  house  and 
course  are  available  to  the  public.  The 
Stanley  hotel  has  a  course  laid  out  in 
the  meadowlands  skirting  the  Big 
Thompson  River. 

The  winters  in  the  Park  are  not  severe; 
generally  the  snowfall  is  not  heavy  on  the 
lower  levels.  Back  in  the  mountains 
where  the  snowfall  is  heavy,  but  within 
easy  reach  of  Estes  Village,  conditions 
are  ideal  for  winter  sports.  Two  ski 
courses  and  two  toboggan  slides  have 
been  completed,  and  several  of  the 
resorts  arrange  accommodations  for  a 
limited  number  of  winter  parties. 

The   Park  in  Detail 

Although  having  only  a  small  per- 
manent population,  Estes  Park  Village 
is  well  supplied  with  stores,  schools, 
churches,  garages,  liveries,  etc.,  and  is 
always  prepared  to  meet  the  needs  of 
the  summer  visitor.  The  village  is 
picturesquely  situated  among  a  cluster 
of  hills  rising  about  1 ,200  feet  on  all 
sides,  at  the  confluence  of  the  Big 
Thompson  and  Fall  Rivers. 


Patfe    nine 


Lake  Mills  is  one  of  the  beautiful  lakes  in  the  wild  Loch  Vale  section  of  the  Park 


In  Estes  Park  Village  are  the  Hupp, 
Josephine  and  Estes  Park  hotels,  the 
Brown  Tea  Pot  Inn  and  Prospect  Inn, 
while  the  Lewiston  overlooks  the  village 
from  a  rocky  eminence  just  to  the  north. 
Outside,  to  the  east,  and  adjacent  to  its 
golf  course  and  the  Big  Thompson 
meadow,  is  the  largest  hotel,  the  Stanley, 
while  a  short  distance  to  the  west  on  the 
Fall  River  is  Elkhorn  Lodge.  To  the 
south,  near  the  Big  Thompson  River 
and  within  plain  view  of  the  village,  is 
the  Crags.  A  short  distance  below  and 
to  the  west,  on  the  banks  of  the  river, 
is  the  Big  Thompson  hotel. 

Five  miles  northeast  from  the  village 
of  Estes  is  the  fascinating  region  sur- 
rounding Lester  hotel.  One  of  the 
best  of  the  longer  horseback  trips  from 
this  point  is  to  Hallett  Glacier.  Another  is 
that  to  Lost  and  Husted  Lakes  at  the  foot 
of  the  Mummy  Range,  a  spur  extending 
northeast  of  the  Continental  Divide  with 
numerous  peaks  rising  over  13,000  feet. 

The  remainder  of  Rocky  Mountain 
National  Park  falls  into  a  series  of  topo- 
graphical divisions  or  districts,  begin- 
ning at  the  north  with  the  picturesque 
diversity  of  Horseshoe  Park,  and  ending 
with  that  wild  confusion  of  precipices 
and  lakes  known  as  the  Wild  Basin, 
south  of  Long's  Peak  and  east  of  the 
Continental  Divide. 


Horseshoe  Park   (seven  miles  up  tl 
Fall    River    road)    and    its    immedial 
surroundings    form  a  rare  combinatic 
of  flower-carpeted  meadows,  forest-cl« 
mountains,  streams  and  waterfalls, 
are  Horseshoe  Inn  and  Fall  River  Lodge 
Horseshoe  Park  is  the  point  of  departui 
for  two  of  the  most  interesting  trips- 
to  Lawn  and  Crystal  Lakes  and  Hallet 
Glacier  in  the  Mummy  Range;  also  the 
main  trail  across  the  Continental  Divide 
to  the  Grand  River.     On  the  shore  of 
Lawn  Lake  is  the  Lawn  Lake  Lodge. 

Long's  Peak  Inn,  the  Columbines  and 
Hewes-Kirkwood  Inn,  nine  miles  south 
of  Estes  Park  Village,  are  starting  points 
for  the  trail  to  the  summit  of  Long's 
Peak.  Horses  may  be  used  as  far  as 
Timberline  Cabin  at  the  edge  of  Boulder 
Field,  from  where  the  most  difficult  part 
of  the  ascent,  extending  about  two 
miles,  is  made  on  foot.  After  crossing 
the  huge  boulders  of  Boulder  Field, 
comes  the  climb  through  the  Keyhole,  a 
curious  opening  which  separates  the 
east  and  west  slopes,  and  through  which 
a  glorious  view  of  Glacier  Gorge  and  the 
country  beyond  is  obtained.  Long's 
Peak  summit  is  reached  at  an  elevation 
of  1 4,255  feet.  This  is  the  giant  peak  of 
the  entire  Rocky  Mountain  National 
Park,  and  from  it  is  spread  out  in  all 
directions  a  jumbled  confusion  of  peaks, 


Page    ten 


gorges,  moraines,  lakes,  distant  valleys 
and  snow-capped  ranges,  forming  a 
series  of  views  of  unsurpassed  sublimity. 

Long's  Peak  Inn  is  the  home  of  Enos 
A.  Mills,  the  well  known  author,  natur- 
alist, and  interpreter  of  the  outdoors, 
with  special  reference  to  its  flowers, 
forests,  rocks,  bird  and  animal  life. 
Mr.  Mills  first  established  himself  at 
the  base  of  Long's  Peak  in  1884. 

On  the  road  from  Long's  Peak  resorts 
to  the  village  is  Lily  Lake  hotel,  at- 
tractively situated  on  Lily  Lake.  One- 
half  mile  from  Lily  Lake,  on  the  main 
road  to  the  village,  is  Baldpate  Inn. 
Nearer  the  village  is  Rockdale  hotel, 
near  Mary  Lake. 

To  the  south  of  Long's  Peak  is  the 
Wild  Basin  country,  noted  for  its  many 
lakes  and  waterfalls,  wild  gorges  and 
rocky  peaks,  most  of  the  latter  more  than 
13,000  feet  high.  This  district  may  be 
best  reached  from  the  Long's  Peak 
resorts  or  from  Copeland  Lodge  on 
Copeland  Lake  or  from  National  Park 
Hotel  in  Allen's  Park  Village. 

Moraine  Park,  from  five  to  six  miles 
southwest  of  Estes  Park  Village,  is  the 
open  valley  of  the  Big  Thompson,  with 
an  extensive  glacial  moraine  to  the 
south.  Here  are  located  Stead's,  Mo- 
raine Lodge  and  the  Brinwood. 

Fern  Lodge,  on  Fern  Lake,  and  Forest 
Inn  at  the  Pool  may  well  be  made  the 


headquarters  for  such  trips  as  lead  into 
the  more  remote  parts  of  this  heart  of 
the  wilderness. 

^  By  many,  the  Loch  Vale  and  Glacier 
Gorge  sections,  just  northwest  of  Long's 
Peak  and  known  as  the  Wild  Gardens, 
are  considered  the  surpassing  scenic 
section  of  Rocky  Mountain  National 
Park.  Sprague's  hotel  in  Bartholf  Park 
is  the  nearest  resort  to  this  region.  A 
day's  trip  from  here  is  west  to  Loch  Vale 
Lake  and  across  to  Andrew's  Glacier 
and  up  to  the  Continental  Divide. 

Bierstadt,  Bear  and  Dream  Lakes  are 
all  charming  spots,  most  easily  reached 
from  Sprague's  or  Moraine  Park.  On  the 
shore  of  Bear  Lake  is  Bear  Lake  Lodge. 

Y.  M.  C.  A.  Camp  and  School 

An  important  feature  of  the  Park  is 
the  Annual  Conference  and  Summer 
School  of  the  Young  Men's  Christian 
Association.  Established  almost  ten 
years  ago,  it  has  grown  to  be  a  very 
important  institution,  with  an  invest- 
ment of  over  $100,000  in  grounds,  per- 
manent buildings  and  equipment,  in- 
cluding gymnasium,  assembly  hall,  din- 
ing room,  class  rooms,  tennis  courts, 
baseball  diamond  and  athletic  field. 
The  conference  and  school  bring  a  large 
number  of  visitors  to  the  park  and  many 
speakers  of  national  reputation. 


Hallett's  Glacier — an  amphitheatre  of  snow  and  ice 


Page     eleven 


ROCKY  MOUNTAIN 

affords  an  opportunity 
of  outdoor  recreation 
motoring,  boating,  h«: 
golf  and  tennis  vie  w 


twelve 


UC,  COLORADO— 

of  a  wide  diversity 
roundings.  Fishing, 
mountain  climbing, 
or  popularity. 


P  »  &  e     thirteen 


f^afesAp^ 

'°>./^VC         i  r-£ 


"^?r^ 


Main  Roads 
Trails 
.  Other  Trails 


Page     f  o  u  r  t 


Classic  pines  and  waters.  Grand  Lake — western  entrance  to  the  Park 


Beautiful  Grand  Lake  Region 

Grand  Lake  is  the  western  gateway  to 
the  Rocky  Mountain  National  Park. 
It  is  reached  by  rail  from  Denver  to 
Granby,  thence  by  stage.  Grand  Lake  is 
situated  in  the  valley  of  the  North  Fork 
of  Grand  River,  and  is  the  largest  lakein 
the  vicinity  of  the  Park,  and  here  each 
year  is  held  a  regatta  for  a  Lipton  cup. 
It  is  the  center  of  a  growing  cottage 
and  hotel  population,  and  is  destined  to 
become  a  place  of  much  importance  upon 
the  completion  of  the  Fall  River  motor 
road,  which  will  connect  the  east  and 
west  sides  of  the  Park. 

An  excellent  road  encircles  the  lake, 
and  from  it  trails  penetrate  the  wilder- 
ness to  various  points  and  over  the 
Continental  Divide. 
^  The  two  trails  from  the  summit  of 
Flattop  Mountain  to  Grand  Lake  and 
that  from  Fall  River  Canyon  to  the 
North  Fork  of  the  Grand  River  at  Camp 
Wheeler  ("Squeaky"  Bob's  Resort)  offer 
trips  of  unusual  interest. 

Living  Glaciers 

Among  the  most  widely  known  glaciers 
that  still  remain  in  the  Park  are  Hallett, 
Tyndall,  Andrews  and  Sprague's. 

One  of  the  remarkable  features  of 
Rocky  Mountain  National  Park  is  the 


legibility  of  the  record  left  by  the  glaciers 
during  the  ages  when  America  was  in 
the  making.  The  evidences  of  glacial 
action  in  all  its  variety  are  apparent 
to  even  the  most  casual  eye.  In  fact, 
there  is  scarcely  any  part  of  the  eastern 
side  of  the  park  where  some  great 
moraine  is  not  in  evidence.  One  enor- 
mous moraine,  built  up  by  ancient 
parallel  glaciers  and  rising  with  sloping 
sides  nearly  a  thousand  feet  above  the 
surrounding  valley,  is  so  prominent  that 
a  region  of  the  Park  is  named  for  it. 

The  Park  itself  is  a  primer  of  glacial 
geology,  whose  lessons  are  so  simple,  so 
plain  to  the  eye,  that  they  immediately 
disclose  the  key  to  one  of  Nature's  chief 
scenic  secrets. 

Animals,  Birds  and  Wild  Flowers 

Rocky  Mountain  National  Park  is  a 
natural  home  for  bear,  deer,  Rocky 
Mountain  sheep,  beaver  and  other  wild 
animals,  as  well  as  numerous  species  of 
birds.  Under  government  regulations 
the  wild  animal  life  in  the  Park  is  fully 
protected. 

The  bighorn  or  Rocky  Mountain 
sheep,  with  their  curious  circling  horns, 
are  seen  in  increasing  numbers  every 
year,  and  frequently  they  may  be  ap- 
proached sufficiently  near  to  photo- 


P  a  g  e     fifteen 


Camping  at  Bear  Lake 


graph.  To  see  them  jumping  from 
crag  to  crag,  graceful  and  agile,  or 
dropping  off  a  sheer  precipice,  is  a  sight 
long  to  be  remembered.  They  congre- 
gate during  the  summer  months  on 
Specimen  Mountain,  where  they  often 
may  be  seen  from  the  trail. 

The  beaver  are  increasing  rapidly,  and 
their  industrious  colonies  may  be  found 
along  the  quieter  reaches  of  the  streams, 
bordered  by  groves  of  white  trunked 
quaking  aspen,  whose  tender  bark  con- 
stitutes the  beavers'  principal  food. 
The  beaver  themselves  are  seldom  seen, 
except  as  reward  for  the  greatest 
patience,  but  well  engineered  dams  and 
snug  dome-shaped  homes  are  the  sure 
evidence  of  their  presence. 

There  are  more  than  1  50  elk  in  the 
Park,  and  they  are  frequently  seen. 
Deer  are  increasing  and  are  occasion- 
ally seen.  Bear  and  mountain  lions 
rarely  are  visible.  There  are  many 
woodchucks  and  squirrels;  it  is  easy  to 
make  friends  of  the  chipmunks. 

There  are  more  than  a  hundred  species 
of  birds  to  be  seen  in  the  Park.  Among 
them  are  the  robin,  bluebird,  wren, 
hermit  thrush,  humming  bird,  white- 
crowned  sparrow  and  that  marvelous 
singer,  the  solitaire.  The  ouzel,  Rocky 
Mountain  jays,  chickadee,  the  wood- 


pecker and  the  magpie  are  all-year 
dwellers.  The  ptarmigan  and  the  rosy 
finch  are  prominent  residents  in  the 
heights  above  timber  line. 

Among  the  wild  flowers  of  the  Park 
are  more  than  a  thousand  species, 
including  the  fringed  blue  and  several 
other  gentians;  the  numerous  colum- 
bines, blooming  at  the  lower  leve 
in  June  and  on  the  heights  in  Septe 
ber;  mertensia,  phlox,  primroses,  M 
posa  lilies,  daisies  and  larkspurs;  Indi 
paint  brush,  ranging  from  dark  crim 
through  all  the  shades  to  a  white;  aste 
marigolds  and  many  others.  Many 
flowers  grow  above  timber  line — in  fact, 
almost  everywhere — and  the  Alpi 
buttercup  pushes  its  blooms  up  throu 
the  melting  snowdrifts. 

The  tree  growths  consist  principal 
of  Douglas  spruce,  lodge  pole  and  yell 
pine  and  aspen,  while  up  near  tim 
line  are  found  the  Englemann  spru 
limber  pine,  cedar,  Arctic  willow  a 
black  birch. 

Timber  Line,  with  Its  Dwarfed  ai 
Twisted  Trees 

Timber   line  occurs   at   about    1  1 
feet     altitude.     Here     the    low    win! 
temperatures   and   the   fierce  icy   win< 
make  it  impossible  for  trees  to  grow  t'< 


and  occasionally  a  great  spruce  lies  flat 
on  the  ground  like  a  vine;  presently  trees 
give  place  to  low  birches,  which  in  their 
turn  are  succeeded  by  small  piney 
growths,  and  finally  come  the  straggling 
grasses,  hardy  mosses  and  tiny  Alpine 
flowers.  Grass  grows  in  sheltered  spots, 
even  on  the  highest  peaks,  which  is 
fortunate  for  the  mountain  sheep  seeking 
these  high,  open  places  to  escape  their 
special  enemies,  the  mountain  lions. 

The  sights  above  timber  line  never 
lose  their  charm,  however  often  seen. 

Ice  Cold  Lakes  and  Flowered  Gorges 

A  distinctive  feature  of  the  Park  is  its 
great  number  of  precipice-walled  can- 
yons, lying  between  the  very  feet  of  the 
loftiest  mountains.  Their  beauty  is 
romantic.  Like  all  the  other  spectacles 
of  this  favored  region,  they  are  readily 
accessible  from  the  valley  by  trail, 
either  afoot  or  on  horseback. 

Almost  invariably  lakes  are  found  in 
these  gorges,  rock  embedded,  and  ice 
cold  streams  wander  from  lake  to  lake, 
watering  wild  flower  gardens. 

By  Auto  or  Trail  to  Cloudland  and  Back 
Automobile    roads    radiate    in    almost    every 
direction  from  the  village  of  Estes  Park.     The 
most  popular  trips  are  the  Fall  River  Drive,  the 
High  Line  Drive  and  Long's  Peak  Inn  Drive. 

Trails  to  less  accessible  points  are  for  use  of 
the  foot  traveler  and  the  horseback  rider. 


Among  the  popular  trails  are  those  to  Flattop 
Mountain,  Fall  River,  Trail  Ridge.  Iceberg  Lake, 
Poudre  Lakes  and  Milner  Pass,  Lawn  Lake.  Wild 
Gardens,  Fern  and  Odessa  Lakes,  Bear  Lake, 
romantic  Loch  Vale,  Glacier  Gorge,  to  Long's 
Peak  and  to  Wild  Basin  and  across  the  range  to 
Grand  Lake. 

Camps  and  Camping  Grounds 

Several  permanent  hotel  camps  are  located 
within  the  borders  of  the  Park,  and  camping 
grounds  have  been  provided  for  those  who 
choose  to  travel  with  their  own  camping  outfit. 

Personally  Conducted  Saddle  and  Pack 
Trips  off  the  Beaten  Paths 

A  most  enjoyable  way  of  seeing  the  Park  is 
to  join  an  all-expense  horseback  camping  party, 
conducted  by  experienced  guides,  authorized  by 
the  Government  to  personally  escort  such 
excursions. 

For  the  names  and  addresses  of  the  licensees 
and  other  information  concerning  these  "Rough- 
ing-it-in-Comfort"  trips,  apply  to  National  Park 
Service,  Department  of  the  Interior,  Washington, 
D.  C.,  or  Bureau  of  Service,  National  Parks  and 
Monuments;  or  Travel  Bureau — Western  Lines, 
646  Transportation  Building,  Chicago,  111. 

Information  within  the  Park 

Information  concerning  trail  trips,  camping 
grounds,  etc.,  may  be  obtained  from  the  Super- 
intendent of  Rocky  Mountain  National  Park, 
whose  office  is  conveniently  situated  in  the 
village  of  Estes  Park. 

When  to  Visit  the  Park 

The  season  is  May  1  to  November  1 ,  but  the 
Park  is  accessible  throughout  the  year,  each 
season  having  its  particular  attractions.  Sum- 


Horseback  riding  in  the  mountains  is  always  an  exhilarating  sport 


P a  6 e     eevonteen 


The  Fall  River  Road  Drive,  part  of  the  automobile  highway  across  the  Continental  Divide  (now  under  construe- 

tion) — one  of  the  most  popular  auto  road*  in  the  Park 
Page    eighteen 


mer  is  of  course  recommended  to  the  vacationist, 
but  he  who  waits  until  autumn  has  tinted  the 
foliage  and  perhaps  added  a  light  covering  of 
fresh  snow  enjoys  views  of  beauty  reserved 
especially  for  the  late  comer.  The  many  winter 
sports  equally  appeal  to  those  interested. 

How  to  Reach  the  Park 

The  Rocky  Mountain  Parks  Transportation 
Company  maintains  an  excellent  motor  service 
via  three  routes  into  EstesPark  Village:  The  Big 
Thompson  Canyon  route,  the  St.  Vrain  River 
route  and  the  Allen's  Park  route. 

From  Loveland  and  Ft.  Collins  the  traveler 
approaches  via  the  Big  Thompson  Canyon 
route.  The  road  winds  quietly  across  the 
plains,  through  the  foothills  and  enters  suddenly 
into  the  rocky  canyon  which  towers  hundreds  of 
feet  above  either  side  of  the  Big  Thompson 
River.  For  miles  it  climbs  through  the  gor- 
geous canyon,  twisting  and  turning  as  it  crosses 
and  recrosses  and  follows  the  rock-hewn  banks 
of  this  turbulent  stream,  until,  rounding  the  last 
turn,  it  leaves  the  canyon  as  suddenly  as  it 
entered,  and  the  smiling  expanse  of  Estes  Park 
bursts  upon  the  view,  with  the  panorama  of  the 
snow  crowned  Continental  Divide  as  an  en- 
circling background.  Two  miles  across  the 
wide-spreading  flower  dotted  meadow,  and  the 
village  of  Estes  Park  is  reached. 

From  Longmont  and  Lyons  the  route 
follows  the  St.  Vrain  River.  After  leaving  its 
course  along  the  shaded  St.  Vrain  River  the 
road  leads  toward  the  foothills  through  a  rugged 
country.  Backward  and  forth  across  sparkling 
stream  and  sunlit  canyon,  tortuously  winding 
and  twisting,  the  way  is  ever  upward,  mile  after 
mile  until  finally  the  car  pauses  at  the  crest  of 
Park  Hill  (elevation  8,500  feet),  from  which  a 
spectacular  scene  of  peaks  and  valley  greets  the 
eye.  A  short  ride  downward  over  a  level 
stretch,  than  comes  the  welcome  hospitality 
of  Estes  Park  Village. 

The  Allen's  Pa-k  Auto  Road  parallels  the 
Continental  Divide  for  twenty-eight  miles. 
This  is  a  "cross-country"  route  on  top  of  the 
mountains,  with  a  wide  expanse  of  views  of  the 
range  from  Long's  Peak  on  the  north  to  James' 
Peak  on  the  south. 

Each  of  the  several  approaches  to  the  Park 
has  its  own  peculiar  scenic  charms,  and  the 
traveler  is  wise  who  enters  via  one  gateway  and 
departs  by  another. 

Denver,  Ft.  Collins,  Longmont,  Loveland, 
Lyons  and  Ward  are  the  eastern  railroad  gate- 
ways to  the  Park. 

Travelers  have  the  choice  of  using  auto  all  the 
way  from  Denver  or  rail  to  any  of  the  other  gate- 
ways named,  thence  auto  to  Estes  Park  Village. 

Arrangements  may  be  made  to  go  in  one  way 
and  out  another. 

The  west  side  of  the  Park  may  be  reached  from 
Denver  by  rail  to  Granby;  from  Granby  stages 
run  to  Grand  Lake. 

Summer  Excursion  Fares 

During  the  summer  season  round-trip  excur- 
sion tickets  at  reduced  fares  are  sold  to  Rocky 
Mountain  National  Park  as  a  destination.  Pas- 
sengers visiting  the  Park  as  a  side-trip  in  con- 
nection with  a  journey  to  other  destinations  will 


find  stopover  privileges  available  on  round-trip 
and  one-way  tickets. 

The  fare  from  Denver  via  automobile  all  the 
way  in  both  directions,  or  from  Denver  via  rail- 
road to  Lyons,  Fort  Collins,  Longmont,  Love- 
land  or  Ward,  thence  automobile  to  Estes  Park, 
is  $10.00,  round  trip.  The  round  trip  fare  via 
automobile  from  Lyons,  Fort  Collins,  Long- 
mont, Loveland  or  Ward  to  Estes  Park  is  $8.00. 

From  many  sections  trips  may  be  planned  to 
include  visits  to  two  or  more  of  the  following 
national  parks  in  the  Rocky  Mountain  region: 
Rocky  Mountain,  Mesa  Verde,  Yellowstone, 
Glacier. 

Auto  Trips  within  the  Park 

The  Rocky  Mountain  Parks  Transportation 
Company    conducts    the    following    sight-seeing 
trips  from  Estes  Park  Village  into  the  National 
Park.     The  charges  for  the  principal  trips  are: 
Fall     River     Road    drive,      approximately 

26  miles $3.50 

Fall   River   Road  and  High  drive,  approxi- 
mately 30  miles 4.00 

Long's  Peak  Inn  or  High  drive,  20  miles. .  .  2.50 
Special  arrangements  may  be  made  with  the 
transportation  company  for  touring  cars  to  any 
point  in  the  Park.  There  are  125  miles  of 
secnic  auto  highways  within  the  Park. 

Miscellaneous 

CLOTHING.  One  should  bring  along  warm 
clothing,  sweaters,  light  overcoats  or  wraps. 
stout  low-heeled  shoes  for  climbing,  and  "slick- 
ers" as  a  protection  from  sudden  showers. 

HORSES  may  be  engaged  at  the  liveries  in  the 
village,  and  at  almost  all  the  resorts;  prices 
range  from  $3.00  per  day  to  $12.50  or  $15.00 
per  week.  Pack  horses,  $2.50  per  day. 

MAIL.  Postoffices  are  located  at  Estes  Park, 
Long's  Peak,  Moraine  Park,  Drake,  Allen's 
Park  and  Grand  Lake. 

TELEPHONE  AND  TELEGRAPH.  Long  distance 
telephone  service  at  all  resorts;  telegraph  service 
at  Estes  Park  Village. 

AUTOMOBILES.  May  be  rented  at  the  princi- 
pal garages  in  the  village,  and  cars  are  also 
obtainable  at  some  of  the  resorts. 

GUIDES.  One  should  not  attempt  the  ascent 
of  any  of  the  higher  peaks,  a  visit  to  the  glaciers 
or  a  long  trip  over  unfamiliar  trails  without  a 
guide.  Competent  guides  may  be  obtained  at 
from  $5.00  to  $10.00  a  day. 

OUTFITS.  Fishing  tackle,  golf  clubs,  tennis 
rackets,  cameras  and  khaki  riding  outfits  may 
be  purchased  in  Estes  Park  Village. 

BAGGAGE.  The  Rocky  Mountain  Parks 
Transportation  Company  carries  hand  baggage, 
not  to  exceed  20  pounds  per  passenger,  free; 
other  baggage,  $1.25  per  hundred  pounds. 
Hand  baggage  carried  at  owner's  risk  only. 
Baggage  may  be  checked  direct  to  Estes  Park, 
Colo.,  but  charge  of  $1.25  per  hundred  pounds 
will  be  collected  at  Estes  Park  for  auto  trans- 
portation of  baggage  from  the  railroad  terminals. 
Passengers  using  autos  from  Denver  will  be 
charged  $1 .75  per  hundred  pounds. 

The  following  books  pertaining  to  Rocky 
Mountain  National  Park  attractions  will  be 
found  very  interesting: 

"The  National  Parks."   1919— Yard $2.50 

"The  Grizzly"  — Mills  fOO 

"The  Story  of  Estes  Park"— Mill. 1.00 


Page 


n  e  t  e  e  n 


A  view  of  Taylor  Glacier  at  upper  end  of  Loch  Vale 


Page    twenty 


'Beaver  World"— Mill. $1.75 

'Spell  of  the  Rockies"— Mills 1.75 

'Rocky  Mountain  Wonderland"— Mills 1.75 

'Handbook  of  Birds  of  the  Western  U.  S." 

Bailey 3.00 

'Rocky  Mountain  Flowers" — Clements 3.00 

'Our  National  Parks"  — Muir 1 .75 

'Saddle  and  Camp  in  the  Rockies"— Wallace .  ...  1.75 

'Old  Indian  Trails"— Schaffer 2.00 

'Highways  and  Byways  of  the  Rocky  Mountains" 

—Johnson 1.50 

'Guide  to  the  National  Parks  of  America"— 

Allen 1.00 

'History  of  the  Birds  of  Colorado"— Schlater 5.00 

'The  Mammals  of  Colorado"— Warren 2.00 

'Your  National  Parks"— Mills 2.50 

'Out  Where  the  West  Begins"— Chapman 1.25 


U.  S.  Government  Publications 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  Govern- 
ment Printing  Office,  Washington,  D.  C.,  at 
prices  given.  Remittances  should  be  by  money 
order  or  in  cash. 

"The  Geologic  Story  of  Rocky  Mountain  National  Park," 
by  Willis  T.  Lee;  89  pages.  45  plates.  30  cents. 

"Mountaineering  in  the  Rocky  Mountain  National  Park." 
by  Roger  W.  Toll;  48  illustrations.  2  maps. 

"Panoramic  View  of  Reeky  Mountain  National  Park"; 
14  by  17^2  inches.  25  cents. 

"National  Parks  Portfolio."  by  Robert  Sterling  Yard; 
260  pages.  270  illustrations,  descriptive  of  nine 
national  parks.  Pamphlet  edition,  35  cents;  book 
edition,  55  cents. 


The  following  may  be  obtained  from  the  Direc- 
tor of  the  United  States  Geological  Survey, 
Washington,  D.  C.,  at  price  given. 

Map  of  Long's  Peak  Quadrangle,  which  includes  the 
greater  portions  of  the  Rocky  Mountain  National 
Park;  \3l/2  by  17^  inches.  10  cents. 


The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
free  on  written  application  to  the  Director  of 
the  National  Park  Service.  Washington,  D.  C.. 
or  by  personal  application  at  the  office  of  the 
Superintendent  of  the  Park. 

Circular     of      General      Information      regarding      Rocky 

Mountain  National  Park. 

Glimpses  of  Our  National   Parks;     48  pages,  illustrated. 
Map  showing  location    of    National    Parks  and   National 

Monuments  and  railroad  routes  thereto. 


U.  S.  R.  R.  Administration  Publications 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
free  on  application  to  any  consolidated  ticket 
office;  or  apply  to  the  Bureau  of  Service,  National 
Parks  and  Monuments;  or  Travel  Bureau  - 
Western  Lines,  646  Transportation  Building. 
Chicago,  Illinois: 

Arizona   and    New    Mexico   Rockies. 

California  for  the  Tourist. 

Colorado  and   Utah   Rockies. 

Crater  Lake  National  Park.  Oregon. 

Glacier   National   Park,   Montana. 

Grand  Canyon  National  Park.  Arizona. 

Hawaii  National  Park,  Hawaiian  Islands.    ' 

Hot  Springs  National  Park,  Arkansas. 

Mesa  Verde  National  Park,  Colorado. 

Mount  Rainier  National  Park,     Washington. 

Northern  Lakes — Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  Upper  Michi- 
gan, Iowa  and  Illinois. 

Pacific  Northwest  and  Alaska. 

Petrified  Forest  National  Monument,  Arizona. 

Rocky  Mountain  National  Park,  Colorado. 

Sequoia  and  General  Grant  National  Parks,  California. 

Yellowstone  National  Park.  Wyoming.  Montana.  Idaho. 

Yosemite   National    Park,    California. 

Zion  National  Monument,  Utah. 


It  is  not  unusual  to  find  flowers  and  snow  fields  in  close  proximity 

P  «  £  «     t'w  en  t  y  -  o  n 


Rocky  Mountain  sheep  are  often  seen  by  Park  visitors 

The  Following  are  the  Principal  Hotels,  with  Capacity,  Manager 
and  Rates  for  Room  and  Board. 


NOTE — The  rates  given  are  published    for    the    information    of    the    public,    but    th«    United   States   Railr 
Administration   assumes     no  responsibility   for    their   correctness. 


NAME 

MANAGER 

Postoffice  Address 
(Colorado) 

Capacity 

Rates  Per   Week 

Baldpate  Inn  

Address  Manager  
A.  E    Brown 

Estes  Park  
Estes  Park 

20 
40 

$28.00 
20  00 

Estes  Park 

250 

$28  00     to      35  00 

The  Brinwood  

C.  L.  Reed  &  Sons  

Moraine  Park...  . 
Estes  Park 

75 
60 

17.50     to      30.00 
3  50  to  6  00  (Day) 

Camp  Wheeler.  .  .            

20 

3  00  (Day) 

64 

16  00     to      33  00 

Copeland  Lodge  

Allen's  Park 

60 

18.00     to      20.00 

Joe  Mills 

Estes  Park 

150 

21  00     to      45  00 

Estes  Park 

250 

2  1  00     to      40  00 

Estes  Park  Hotel  .  .  . 
Fall  River  Lodge 

A.  D.  Lewis  
D    J    March 

Estes  Park  
Estes  Park 

50 
50 

15.00     to      25.00 
16  00     to      35  00 

F.  W.  Byerly    . 

50 

20.00 

F    D    Tecker 

50 

20  00 

Hewes-Kirkwood  

C.  E.  Hewes    

80 

18.00     to     25.00 

Horseihoe  Inn  
Hupp  Hotel  
Josephine  Hotel  

Bradley  &  Patrick  
Address  Manager  
A.  D.  Lewis  

Estes  Park  
Estes  Park  
Estes  Park  

100 
75 
40 
40 

16.00     to      30.00 
16.00     to      20.00 
15.00     to      25.00 
2  50  (Day) 

Grand  Lake 

30 

2  00  (Day) 

Lawn  Lake  Lodge  

Bradley  Sc  Patrick  

Estes  Park  
Grand  Lake 

15 
25 

3.25  (Day) 
2  00  (Day)     .  .  . 

Lesters  Hotel    

Address  Manager 

Estes  Park 

100 

16.00     to      22.00 

A    D    Lewis 

Estes  Park 

/O 

22  50     to      40.00 

Enos  A    Mills 

150 

2  1  00     to      49  00 

Mrs    W.  D    McPherson 

75 

1600     to      30.00 

Narwata  Hotel 

Grand  Lake 

20 

2  50  (Day) 

National  Park  Hotel  

Allen's  Park 

45 

15.00     to      18.00 

Prospect  Inn  
Rapids  Lodge.  .  . 

Address  Manager  
Address  Manager  

Estes  Park 
Grand  Lake     . 

30 
50 

2.00  to  2.50  (Day) 
2.50  (Day) 

Rockdale   ... 

Estes  Park 

50 

15.00     to      22.00 

Sprague's  Lodge  
Stanley  Hotel  
Steads  Ranch  and  Hotel  
Timberline  Cabin  .  . 

A.  E.  Sprague  
Address  Manager 
Address  Manager 
Enos  A.  Mills  

Estes  Park  
Estes  Park 
Moraine  Park.  .  . 
Lonar's  Ptak 

50 
300 
200 

18.00     to      21.00 
28.00     to      84.00 
16.00     to      21.00 
4.25  (Day) 

Furnished  cottages  may  be  rented  from  C.  H,  Bond.  Estes  Park.  Colo.,  and  Hayden  Bros..  Estes  Park.  Colo., 
at  from  $15.00  per  week  to  $1.000.00  for  the  season.  Mrs.  C.  R.  Berger.  Estes  Park.  Colo.,  has  a  number  of  cottage* 
and  tent  houses  at  McCrecry's  Ranch,  furnished  for  light  housekeeping,  for  rent  at  $75.00  to  $135.00  for  the 


Page    twenty-two 


seasoo 


The  National  Parks  at  a  glance 

United    States    Railroad    Administration 

Director  General  of  Railroads 

For  particulars  as  to  fares,  train  schedules,  etc.,  apply  to  any  Railroad  Ticket  Agent,  or  to  any 
of  the  following  Consolidated  Ticket  Offices: 

West 


Beaumont,  Tex. .Orleans  and  Pearl  Sts. 

Bremerton,  Wash 224  Front  St. 

Butte,  Mont 2  N.  Main  St. 

Chicago,  111 1  75  W.  Jackson  Blvd. 

Colorado  Springs,  Colo. 

119  E.  Pike's  Peak  Ave. 

Dallas,  Tex 1 12-1 14  Field  St. 

Denver.  Colo 601    I  7th  St. 

Des  Moines.  Iowa 403  Walnut  St. 

Duluth.  Minn 334  W.  Superior  St. 

El  Paso.  Tex Mills  and  Oregon  Sts. 

702  Houston  St. 

.  .  .  .J  and  Fresno  Sts. 

.21st  and  Market  Sts. 
.  .585.  Main  St. 


Ft.  Worth.  Tex 
Fresno,  Cal .  .  . 
Galveston,  Tex 
Helena,  Mont. .  .  . 
Houston.  Tex .... 
Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Ry.  Ex.  Bldg..  7th  and  Walnut  Sts. 


.  904  Texas  Ave. 


Lincoln,  Nab 104  N.  13th  St. 

Little  Rock.  Ark 202  W.  2d  St. 

Long  Beach.  Cal..  .  .L.A.&  S.L.  Station 

Los  Angeles.  Cal 215  S.  Broadway 

Milwaukee.  Wis 99  Wisconsin  St. 

Minneapolis,  Minn. 202  Sixth  St. .South 
Oakland.  Cal.    .  13th  St.  and  Broadway 

Ocean  Park,  Cal 160  Pier  Ave. 

Oklahoma  City.  Okla.  1 3  1  W.  Grand  Ave. 

Omaha.  N^b 1416  Dodge  St. 

Peoria.  111..  .Jefferson  and  Liberty  Sts. 
Phoenix,  Ariz. 

Adams  St.  and  Central  Ave. 
Portland.  Ore. .  3d  and  Washington  Sts. 


St.  Paul,  Minn..  .4th  and  Jackson  Sts. 

Sacramento,   Cal 801    K  St. 

Salt  Lake  City.  Utah. 

Main  and  S.  Temple  St3. 
San  Antonio.  Texas. 

3 1  5- 1  7  N.  St.  Mary's  St. 

San  Diego.  Cal 300  Broadway 

San  Francisco.  Cal. 

Lick  Bldg..  Post  St.  and  Lick  Place 
San  Jose.  Cal.  I  st  and  San  Fernando  Sts. 

Seattle.  Wash 714-16  2d  Ave. 

Shreveport,  La.Milam  and  Market  Sts. 

Sioux  City.  Iowa 510  4th  St. 

Spokane.  Wash. 

Davenport  Hotel,  815  Sprague  Ave. 
Tacoma.  Wash. .  .  I  I  I  /-1 9  Pacific  Ave. 
Waco,  Texas.  .  .  .6th  and  Franklin  Sts. 
Whittier.  Cal..  .  .  L.  A.  &  S.  L.  Station 
Winnipeg,  Man 226  Portage  Ave. 


Annapolis.  Md 54  Maryland  Ave. 

Atlantic  City.  N.  J. .  .  1301  Pacific  Ave. 
Baltimore,  Md .  .  .  B.  &  O.  R.  R.  Bldg. 

Boston.  Mass 67  Franklin  St. 

Brooklyn.  N.  Y 336  Fulton  St. 

Buffalo.  N.  Y..Main  and  Division  Sts. 
Cincinnati,  Ohio.  .  .6th  and  Main  Sts. 
Cleveland,  Ohio.  .  .  .  1004  Prospect  Ave. 

Columbus.  Ohio 70  East  Gay  St. 

Dayton,  Ohio 19  S.  Ludlow  St. 


Philadelphia.   Pa.  ...1539  Chestnut  St. 
Pittsburgh,  Pa Arcade  Building 


Pueblo,  Colo 401-3  N.  Union  Ave 

St    Joseph,  Mo 505  Francis  St. 

St.  Louis.  Mo.. .  .318-328  N.  Broadway 

East 

Detroit.  Mich. .  .  I  3  W.  LaFayette  Ave. 
Evansville.  Ind..  .L.  «c  N.  R.  R.  Bldg. 

Grand  Rapids.  Mich 125  Pearl  St.  Reading.  Pa 16  N.  Fifth  St. 

Indianapolis.  Ind.l  12-14  English  Block  Rochester.  N.  Y 20  State  St. 

Newark,  N.  J.Clinton  and  Beaver  Sts.  Syracuse,  N.  Y University  Block 

New  York    N.  Y 64    Broadway  Toledo.  Ohio 320  Madison  Ave. 

New  York'  N.  Y 57  Chambers  St.  Washington.  D.  C. .  .  .  1 229  F  St..  N.  W. 

New  York'  NY 31    W.   32d  St.  Williamsport.  Pa 4th  and  Pine  Sts. 

New  York!  N!  Y I  1 4  W.  42d  St.  Wilmington.  Del 905  Market  St. 

South 

Asheville,  N.  C 14  S.  Polk  Square  Knoxville.  Tenn 600  Gay  St.     Paducah,  Ky 430  Broadway 

Atlanta.  Ga 74  Peachtree  St.  Lexington.    Ky Union   Station     Pensacola.   Fla San  Carlos  Hotel 

Augusta.  Ga 811    Broad  St.  Louisville,  Ky. .  .  .  .4th  and  Market  Sts. 

Birmingham,  Ala 2010    1st  Ave.  Lynchburg,  Va. . 722  Main  St. 

Charleston.  S.  C Charleston  Hotel  Memphis.  Tenn  60  N    Main  St. 

Charlotte.  N.  C 22  S.  Tryon  St.  Mobile.  Ala 51  S.  Royal  St. 

Chattanooga.  Tenn  ...  .81  7  Market  St.  Montgomery.  Ala Exchange  Hotel 

Columbia.  S.  C Arcade  Building  Nashville,  Tenn. Independent  Life  Bldg. 

Jacksonville.  Fla 38  W.  Bay  St.  New  Orleans.  La St.  Charles  Hotel 

For  detailed  information  regarding  National  Parks  and  Monuments  address  Bureau  of  Service, 
National  Parks  and  Monuments,  or  Travel  Bureau— Western  Lines,  646  Transportation  Bldg., 
Chicago. 

Page     twenty-throe 


Raleigh.  N.  C 305  LaFayette  St. 

Richmond.  Va 830  E.  Main  St. 

Savannah.  Ga 37   Bull  St. 

Sheffield.  Ala Sheffield  Hotel 

Tampa.  Fla Hillsboro  Hotel 

Vicksburg.  Miss    .1319  Washington  St. 
Winston-Salem.  N.  C.   236  N.  Main  St. 


SEASON    1919 


PRESS   OF   FAULKNER-RYAN   CO..   CHICAGO 


"  What  if  Man.  that  Thou  Art  Mindful  of  Him?" 
The  original  site  of  a  mammoth  glacier  which  ate  into  the  granite  heart  of  Long's  Peak 


i  lit! 


S  E  Q  Ud 

GENERAL  G 

National  Parks  *  Californi 


UNITED  STATES  RAILROAD  ADMINISTRATION 


PHOTO  BY  HERBERT  W.  GLEASON 

Page     two 


Grand  Sentinel,  King's  River  Canyon 


An   Appreciation   of 

Sequoia  and  General  Grant  National  Parks 

By  ROBERT  STERLING  YARD,  Chief,  Educational  Division,  National  Park  Service 

Written  Mspci  uilly  for  the  United  States  Railroad  Administration 

IF  all  my  mountain  nights  the  one  photographed  most  sharply  upon 
memory  was  spent  in  a  Sequoia  grove  of  the  Giant  Forest.  We  had 
come  in  late  from  the  Yosemite,  two  weeks  on  the  trail,  with  mule 
and  pack-train,  the  length  of  the  proposed  Roosevelt  National  Park. 
In  early  afternoon  we  had  crossed  the  northern  boundary  into  the  Sequoia. 
At  sundown  we  had  camped  upon  a  ridge  crowned  with  red-stemmed  giants. 
The  packs  were  stripped  from  the  mules  and  heaped  around  the  forest  kitchen. 
Tie  Sing  set  up  his  sheet-iron  stove  and  hustled  dinner.  Camp  fires  were  has- 
tily lighted,  and  we  availed  of  the  last  twilight  to  choose  levels  for  our  sleeping 
bags,  for  in  the  Sierra,  where  it  does  not  rain  in  summer,  trail  travelers  carry 
no  tents. 

Three  of  us  shared  a  bedroom  nobler  far  than  ever  housed  a  king.  It  was 
pentagonal  in  shape  with  every  angle  a  purplish  red  sequoia  trunk  fifteen  feet 
in  diameter.  The  fire  of  cones,  blazing  in  the  center  of  the  brown,  sweet- 
smelling  floor,  threw  these  glowing  pillars  into  powerful  relief  and  drew  between 
them  black  enclosing  curtains  of  night.  The  ceiling,  a  hundred  and  twenty 
feet  above,  heavily  carved  in  hanging  plumes  of  yellowish  green  which  the 
flickering  fire  outlined,  swayed  softly  in  the  evening  breeze. 

Lying  in  comfort  and  complete  seclusion,  my  senses  soothed  with  per- 
fumes as  rare  as  my  surroundings,  imagination  held  me  an  excited  captive.  A 
moment  later  sunshine  and  a  thousand  bird  songs  filled  the  room. 

If  you  want  rest  with  inspiration,  go  to  the  Sequoia  National  Park.  In  the 
Giant  Forest  grow  a  million  sequoia  trees,  some  of  them  tiny  babies  of  a  year 
springing  sharply  from  the  warm,  moist  soil;  some  of  them  youngsters  of  a 
thousand  years  just  peering  over  the  tops  of  the  towering  sugar  pines;  some 
of  them  youths  of  two  thousand  years  with  fine  rounded  crowns  and  huge  bent 
arms  hugging  their  plumed  togas;  some  of  them  majestic  seniors,  three  hundred 
feet  in  height,  who  began  life  while  the  dramas  of  the  Book  of  Exodus  were 
still  enacting. 

But  these  are  not  all.  In  this  amazing  forest  the  greatest  pines  and  firs  of 
the  whole  Sierra,  festooned  with  trailing  moss,  attain  their  greatest  height  and 
thickness,  the  picturesque,  deciduous  trees  of  the  region  reach  their  fullest 
development,  and  flowering  shrubs  of  a  hundred  species  crowd  the  shaded  aisles. 
It  is  the  Forest  of  Enchantment. 

From  the  Sequoia  National  Park  and  its  little  neighbor,  the  General  Grant 
National  Park,  you  may  accent  your  summer's  rest  by  trail  trips  into  the  famous 
canyons  and  up  to  the  High  Sierra  of  the  wonderful  Roosevelt  National  Park 
to  come. 

Go  to  Sequoia.  You  will  find  there  what  earth  nowhere  else  possesses; 
and  you  will  find  it  good. 


Page      three 


To  the  American  People: 

Uncle  Sam  asks  you  to  be  his  guest.  He  has  prepared  for  you  the 
choice  places  of  this  continent — places  of  grandeur,  beauty  and  of 
wonder.  He  has  built  roads  through  the  deep-cut  canyons  and  beside 
happy  streams,  which  will  carry  you  into  these  places  in  comfort,  and 
has  provided  lodgings  and  food  in  the  most  distant  and  inaccessible 
places  that  you  might  enjoy  yourself  and  realize  as  little  as  possible 
the  rigors  of  the  pioneer  traveler's  life.  These  are  for  you.  They  are 
the  playgrounds  of  the  people.  To  see  them  is  to  make  more  hearty 
your  affection  and  admiration  for  America. 


Secretary  of  the  Interior 


Sequoia  and  General  Grant  National  Parks 


N  the  western  slopes  of  the 
Sierra  Nevada  in  Califor- 
nia, south  of  the  Kings 
River  Canyon  and  west  of 
the  Canyon  of  the  Kern, 
are  the  Sequoia  and  General  Grant 
National  Parks.  They  embrace  a  fairy- 
land of  forest  where  wood-nymphs 
might  revel  to  their  hearts'  content. 
Nowhere  on  earth  would  they  feel  so 
much  at  home;  nowhere  could  they 
find  such  mazy  labyrinths  of  dusky 
aisles,  in  such  dense  growths  of  mam- 
moth trees,  in  which  to  hold  their 
frolics. 

The  soothing  influence  of  the  wood- 
land appeals  to  all  of  us.  Tired  human- 
ity likes  to  stretch  in  the  cool,  beneath 
spreading  branches.  Let  it  be  any  kind 
of  tree,  or  let  it  be  only  a  rest  for  an 
hour  or  so,  one  rises  refreshed.  The 
charm  has  worked — the  ineffable 
charm  of  the  out-of-doors  and  the  for- 
est. And  here,  amidst  mountain  scen- 
ery unsurpassed  in  beauty  and  splendor, 
and  beneath  trees  whose  magnitude  is 
unmatched,  lies  one  of  Nature's  great- 
est rest-rooms  and  pleasure-grounds, 
open  to  all  who  seek  healthful  enjoy- 
ment, or  who  would  behold  some  of 
the  marvels  of  creation. 

The  superb  forests  which  cover  this 
region  contain  the  Sequoia  Washing- 


toniana,  or  the  Big  Tree  of  California, 
some  exceeding  300  feet  in  height  and 
over  36  feet  in  diameter.  It  is  the 
patriarch  among  trees,  by  some  strange 
exemption  saved  to  us  from  the  pre- 
glacial  age.  It  grows  nowhere  else 
than  in  the  High  Sierra  of  California, 
the  finest  specimens  being  embraced  in 
the  Sequoia,  the  Yosemite  and  the 
General  Grant  National  Parks.  But 
these  trees  are  not  to  be  thought  of  as 
the  survivors  of  a  dying  species.  There 
are  many  thousands  of  them  here  in 
their  vigorous  prime,  hundreds  of 
thousands  of  them  in  all  the  grace  and 
strength  of  youth,  their  red  shafts  form- 
ing splendid  collonades  and  cathedral- 
like  archways.  And  when  a  mighty 
sequoia  by  chance  is  uprooted,  its  firm- 
grained  wood  lies  undecaying  for  cen- 
turies. 

Who  has  best  described  these  giants 
of  the  forest?  See  what  John  Muir 
said  of  them — he  who  lived  among 
them: 

"No  description  can  give  any  ade- 
quate idea  of  their  singular  majesty, 
much  less  of  their  beauty.  Excepting 
the  sugar  pine,  most  of  their  neighbors 
with  pointed  tops  seem  to  be  forever 
shouting  'Excelsior,'  while  the  big  tree, 
though  soaring  above  them  all,  seems 
satisfied,  its  rounded  head  poised  lightly 


Page     four 


There  are  many  ideal  camping  spots  in  this  region 


as  a  cloud,  giving  no  impression  of  try- 
ing to  go  higher.  Only  in  youth  does 
it  show  like  other  conifers  a  heaven- 
ward yearning,  keenly  aspiring  with  a 
long,  quick-growing  top.  Indeed  the 
whole  tree  for  the  first  century  or  two, 
or  until  1  00  to  150  feet  high,  is  arrow- 
head in  form,  and,  compared  with  the 
solemn  rigidity  of  age,  is  as  sensitive  to 
the  wind  as  a  squirrel  tail.  The  lower 
branches  are  gradually  dropped  as  it 
grows  older  and  the  upper  ones  thinned 
out  till  comparatively  few  are  left. 
These,  however,  are  developed  to  great 
size,  divide  again  and  again,  and  ter- 
minate in  bossy  rounded  masses  of 
leafy  branchlets,  while  the  head  be- 
comes dome-shaped." 

"Then  poised  in  fullness  of  strength 
and  beauty,  stern  and  solemn  in  mien, 
it  glows  with  eager,  enthusiastic  life, 
quivering  to  the  tip  of  every  leaf  and 
branch  and  far-reaching  root,  calm  as 
a  granite  dome,  the  first  to  feel  the 
touch  of  the  rosy  beams  of  the  morning, 
the  last  to  bid  the  sun  good-night." 

And  what  birdhouses  they  make! 
Of  this  feature  John  Muir  wrote: 

The  dense  tufted  sprays  make  snug 
nesting  places  for  birds,  and  in  some 
of  the  loftiest,  leafiest  towers  of  ver- 
dure thousands  of  generations  have 
been  reared,  the  great  solemn  tree 


shedding    off    flocks    of    merry    singers 
every  year   from  nests,    like  the   flocks 
of  winged  seed  from  the  cones." 
Of  their  age,  he  had  this  to  say: 
"The  big  tree  can  not  be  said  to  at- 
tain anything  like  prime  size  and  beauty 
before     its     fifteen-hundredth    year,    or 
under  favorable  circumstances  become 
old  before  its  three-thousandth." 

"Many  no  doubt  are  much  older  than 
this.  On  one  of  the  giants,  35  feet  8 
inches  in  diameter  exclusive  of  bark,  I 
counted  upward  of  four  thousand  an- 
nual wood  rings,  in  which  there  was  no 
trace  of  decay  after  all  these  centuries 
of  mountain  weather." 

More  Than  a  Million  Sequoia  Trees 

The  Sequoia  National  Park  has  an 
area  of  161,597  acres,  and  ranges  in 
altitude  from  1,100  to  11,900  feet. 
In  the  Park  there  are  over  a  million  of 
sequoia  trees,  12,000  of  them  exceed- 
ing ten  feet  in  diameter,  in  addition  to 
phenomenal  monsters  of  great  age. 
The  Big  Trees  here  are  not  in  isolated 
groves,  but  within  the  park  boundaries 
of  twenty  miles  north  to  south,  form  a 
chain  of  twelve  groves  in  an  almost  un- 
broken forest  of  sequoias  and  pine  that 
extends  southward  across  the  whole 
Kaweah  watershed  and  along  the  flanks 
of  the  range,  for  nearly  seventy  miles. 


Page     five 


Golden  Trout  Creek 


The  Giant  Forest,  so  named  by  John 
Muir,  is  the  largest  of  these  groves, 
containing  in  its  3,200  acres  over  half 
a  million  sequoia  trees,  of  which  5,000 
exceed  ten  feet  in  diameter.  And 
here  stands  the  General  Sherman  tree, 
most  celebrated  of  all  and  the  largest 
tree  in  the  world,  279.9  feet  high  and 
36.5  feet  in  diameter.  Such  immensity 
in  a  tree  is  hard  to  realize;  its  massive 
trunk  and  branches  contain  about  one 
million  feet  of  lumber.  Compared 
with  the  trees  with  which  we  are  all  fa- 
miliar— the  ordinary  forest  that  we 
know — these  trees  are  like  a  troop  of 
elephants  amongst  a  flock  of  sheep.  If 
placed  closely  side  by  side  thirty-six 
of  them  would  occupy  an  acre  of  land, 
whereas,  were  pine  trees  with  trunks 
at  the  base  four  feet  in  diameter,  simi- 
larly placed,  over  2700  would  be  re- 
quired to  fill  the  same  space.  Stand- 
ing amidst  these  forest  giants  one  feels 
as  though  transported  to  another  planet 
— for  trees  like  these  we  had  not  con- 
ceived of  as  being  on  Earth. 

The  General  Sherman  tree  has  about 
reached  its  four -thousandth  birthday, 
and  was  a  seedling  in  the  year  B.  C. 
2,080.  The  grove  also  contains  many 
peers  of  the  Sherman  tree — approach- 
ing it  in  size  and  age.  Other  noted 
trees  in  the  Park  are  the  Abraham  Lin- 


coln, 270  feet  high  and  31  feet  in 
diameter;  and  the  William  McKinley, 
which  is  290  feet  high  with  a  diameter 
of  28  feet.  There  is  a  small  hotel  in 
the  Giant  Forest,  where  good  accom- 
modations are  provided;  also  an  ad- 
joining camp  of  modern  tent-houses. 

The  General  Grant  National  Park, 
lying  to  the  northwest,  across  mountain, 
valley  and  forest,  has  an  area  of  2,536 
acres  and  ranges  in  altitude  from  5,250 
to  7,631  feet.  It  is  one  of  the  smallest  of 
our  national  parks  and  was  established 
for  the  protection  of  the  General  Grant 
tree,  widely  known  for  its  size  and 
beauty.  In  the  surrounding  grove, 
which  is  as  luxuriant  in  all  growing 
things  as  the  Giant  Forest,  there  are 
10,000  sequoias,  190  of  which  exceed 
ten  feet  in  diameter.  The  General 
Grant  tree,  which  is  second  only  to 
the  General  Sherman  in  size,  and  al- 
most the  same  age,  is  264  feet  high, 
and  over  35  feet  in  diameter.  A  dis- 
tinguished neighbor  is  the  George 
Washington  tree,  only  nine  feet  less 
in  height  and  six  feet  less  in  diameter. 
In  a  cathedral-like  grove  there  is  a 
camp  of  comfortable  tent-houses. 

The  southern  boundary  of  the  Gen- 
eral Grant  National  Park  and  the 
northern  boundary  of  the  Sequoia  Na- 
tional Park  are  only  six  miles  apart, 


Page    s 


^ 


Mountain  lake  near  base  of  Mt.  Whitne^ 


but  the  horse  trail  between  the  Giant 
Forest  in  the  Sequoia  Park  and  the  cen- 
ter of  the  Grant  Park  is  thirty-two 
miles  in  length.  An  auto  road  between 
the  Parks  is  under  construction. 

Rugged    Canyons,    Peaks    and    Mountain 
Streams 

In  addition  to  its  big  tree  groves,  the  Sequoia 
National  Park  has  many  natural  attractions 
that  will  delight  the  sightseer.  There  are 
wooded  canyons  thousands  of  feet  deep,  and 
mountain  heights  commanding  sublime  views. 
Many  places  of  interest  are  within  pleasant 
walking  distance,  and  horse  trails  lead  to  the 
numerous  more  distant  vantage  points.  Each 
trip  unfolds  a  landscape  that  will  remain  long 
in  the  memory.  The  scene  disclosed  from  the 
summit  of  Moro  Rock  across  the  great  Can- 
yon of  the  Kaweah  River,  looking  toward 
Castle  Rock  rising  5,000  feet  from  the  valley 
floor,  is  notable.  Moro  Rock  is  two  miles 
from  Giant  Forest  by  auto  road.  A  346-step 
stairway,  with  hand  rail,  leads  to  its  top. 
Mount  Silliman,  11,188  feet,  is  nine  and  a 
half  miles  to  the  northeast,  its  summit  being 
reached  by  horse  and  foot  trail,  while  to  the 
south  are  Alta  Peak  and  Alta  Meadow,  the 
latter  an  inviting  stopping  place,  each  com- 
manding vistas  to  the  west  and  northwest 
wondrous  in  their  mountain  splendor. 

The  Marble,  Middle,  East  and  South  Forks 
of  the  Kaweah  River  wind  deep  in  their 
rugged  canyons  northeast  to  southwest 
through  the  Park,  and  numerous  tributary 
creeks  and  streams  in  wooded  gorges  and 
forest-rimmed  meadows  join  them  from  all 
directions,  so  the  angler  finds  many  dark 
pools  below  foaming  rapids,  and  likely 


stretches  of  riffling  waters,  in  which  to  cast 
his  flies.  The  Kaweah  River  drains  the  west- 
ern flank  of  the  Great  Western  Divide  and 
the  southern  flank  of  Silliman  Crest.  Its 
upper  tributaries  have  a  wild  course  through 
an  exceedingly  rugged  part  of  the  range, 
some  streams  descending  6,500  feet  in  a  hori- 
zontal distance  of  less  than  five  miles.  These 
cascading  torrents  flow  through  wonderful 
glacial  canyons  whose  walls  still  gleam  with 
the  polish  left  by  the  ice  in  ages  past.  The 
smooth  and  burnished  walls  of  Buck  Canyon, 
the  main  gorge  of  the  Middle  Fork  of  the 
Kaweah,  shine  in  the  early  morning  light  with 
an  almost  unearthly  refulgence.  By  stopping 
a  night  at  Alta  Meadow  a  full  appreciation 
of  the  magnificent  scenery  of  the  Kaweah 
headwaters  can  be  obtained.  Alta  Meadow 
lies  high  on  the  wall  of  Buck  Canyon.  Be- 
yond the  canyon's  deep  rift  rises  the  serrated 
skyline  of  the  Great  Western  Divine,  gor- 
geous in  the  flush  of  sunset.  Peak  after  peak, 
rosy  in  the  alpenglow,  rises  against  a  sky  of 
pearly  gray  with  flame-touched  bands  of 
clouds  above,  while  canyons  and  forests  lie 
veiled  in  shadowy  blues  and  purples. 

From  Vanderver's  peak,  11,900  feet  and 
the  highest  elevation  in  the  Park,  a  glorious 
view  embraces  the  Canyon  of  the  Kern,  with 
Mount  Whitney's  summit  and  the  ridge  of 
towering  peaks  that  form  the  Highest  Sierra, 
silhouetted  on  the  eastern  horizon. 

Crystal    Cave 

Adding  to  the  allurements  of  the  Park,  a 
wonderful  cave  was  discovered  in  April, 
1918,  in  an  unfrequented  and  rugged  canyon, 
by  anglers  in  quest  of  trout.  It  surpasses  in 
attractiveness  the  famous  Clough  and  Para- 
dise caves,  also  within  the  boundaries.  It 
has  been  named  Crystal  Cave.  It  opens  into 


Page     seven 


m 


the  southern  side  of  a  large  limestone  moun- 
tain, at  the  water's  edge  of  Cactus  Creek 
and  near  the  western  boundary.  It  has  been 
explored  a  distance  of  4,000  feet,  and  when 
certain  openings  have  been  enlarged,  may 
disclose  a  mountain  drilled  with  caverns. 
Throughout  the  cave,  stalactites  rich  and 
wonderfully  varied,  sparkle  in  the  gloom. 
There  are  chambers  with  ceilings  a  glittering 
mass  of  these  needle-pointed  spears,  others 
with  festoons  of  dazzling  draperies  suspended, 
while  in  some  there  stand  bright  fluted  col- 
umns and  stalagmites  of  surpassing  symmetry 
and  beauty. 
Wild  Flowers;  Bird  and  Wild  Animal  Life 

Wild  flowers  in  abundance  make  garden 
spots  throughout  this  woodland  realm,  dot- 
ting smooth  meadows,  peeping  from  mossy 
slopes  and  decorating  rock  crevises  with  their 
brilliant  bloom.  Flowering  shrubs  also  lend 
their  coloring  to  the  park-like  glades  seen 
through  openings  in  the  forest;  and  in  cool 
shady  nooks  ferns  of  many  kinds,  from  the 
stately  Warwardina  to  the  dainty  Maiden- 
hair, grow  in  rank  luxuriance. 


John  Muir  said:      "The  Big  Tree  (Sequoia   gigantea)  i 

There  have  been  recorded  by  the  govern- 
ment supervisor  forty-one  species  of  birds, 
residents  or  seasonal  visitors  in  the  Sequoia 
Park.  Of  these,  over  one  hundred  named 

varieties many  of  them  rare  song  birds  and 

birds  of  bright  plumage are  seen  and  heard 

during  the  summer  season,  adding  to  one's 
pleasure  and  enjoyment.  Many  people  visit 
the  Park  for  the  sole  purpose  of  studying 
and  ascertaining  the  habits  of  certain  species 
of  birds.  A  great  number  of  the  same  varie- 
ties are  found  in  the  Grant  Park.  Frequently 
seen  are  the  golden  and  bald  eagle,  owls,  road- 
runners,  woodpeckers  and  humming-birds,  while 
warblers,  finches  and  robins  are  everywhere. 
Both  mountain  and  valley  quail  and  Sierra 
grouse  are  also  plentiful. 

Of  wild  animals,  elk  are  occasionally  seen 
in  the  Sequoia  Park,  while  deer  and  bear, 
black  and  brown,  are  abundant  in  both  the 
Sequoia  and  Grant  Parks,  as  are  also  frol- 
icking squirrels,  pine  martens,  hares  and  rab- 
bits. Mountain  lions,  lynx,  timber  wolves, 
foxes  and  coyotes  are  killed,  or  being  driven 
from  the  Parks  by  the  rangers  whenever 


Nat. 


Page     eight 


I 


iece.  and,  so  far  as  I  know,  the  greatest  of  living  things." 

seen.  Fire  arms  are  not  permitted  within  the 
National  Parks. 

Proposed  Roosevelt  National  Park 

The  proposed  Roosevelt  National  Park  is 
designed  to  include  not  only  the  Sequoia 
National  Park,  but  also  the  entire  right-angle 
to  the  northeast  formed  by  the  Kings  River 
Canyon,  the  Canyon  of  the  Kern,  and  the 

High   Sierra   which    lie    to    the    eastward the 

giant  peaks  of  the  summit-crest  culminating 
in  Mount  Whitney,  14,501  feet  above  sea 
level,  and  the  highest  mountain  in  the  United 
States,  excepting  Mount  McKinley  in  Alaska. 
The  new  territory  embraces  an  area  of  886,- 
000  acres.  There  are  towering  snow-capped 
peaks;  sawtooth  ridges;  over-hanging  cliffs  that 
sink  into  deep  slashed  canyons;  forested  slopes 
and  grass-covered  glades,  with  thundering  rivers, 
foaming  cataracts,  and  clear  smooth-running 
streams  twining  through  forested  vales.  Amidst 
the  higher  wilderness  of  granite  crags  are  count- 
less glacial  lakes,  that  flash  erecting  to  the  sun 
from  snow-bound  basins,  while  a  hundred  rivu- 
lets born  in  snowy  heights  sing  their  way  down 


from  this  alpine  zone  toward  flowering  meadows 
and  fragrant   groves   of  pine. 

It  is  a  land  of  the  winding  zig-zag  trail, 
of  the  saddle  horse  and  pack  animal,  for  the 
camper  and  the  tent-dweller.  For  the  angler 
it  is  the  fishing  ground  of  his  most  cherished 
fancies,  for  here  are  waters  still  new  to  the 
cast  of  the  fly.  It  is  a  real  man's  country; 
a  country  of  the  most  glorious  out-of-doors; 
and  with  its  salubrious  climate,  a  summer 
vacation-land  beyond  compare.  Here  the 
business  man  on  his  well-earned  outing  can 
laugh  at  office  cares  and  nerve-rack,  and  re- 
turn to  the  city  re-made,  with  vigor  renewed; 
and  many  of  his  women  folk,  long-booted  and 
mountain-togged,  will  enjoy  it  all  as  much 
as  he. 

The  Kings  River  Canyon 

About  thirty-five  miles  north  of  the  General 
Grant  and  the  Sequoia  National  Parks,  tl~e 
Kings  River  Canyon  cuts  east  and  west  into 
the  heart  of  the  Sierra. 

From  both  the  Grant  Park  and  the  Giant 
Forest  in  the  Sequoia  Park,  over  trai's  by  way 
of  Horse  Corral  Meadow  and  Lookout  Point, 


Page     nine 


SEQUOIA 

AND 

GENERAL  GRANT 
NATIONAL  PARKS 

CALIFORNIA 


.  _  Boundary 

,  ^_  Boundary  Proposed 

Roosevelt  National  Park 
utomobile  Roads 
'ain  Trails 
.Other  Trails 


*J&Y<&?js&£fe 

Gardiner      V          /X^^eSO      •  11"  i    ^S 

2903  ft.   C  \  (t^H-X 


Page    ten 


saddle-horses  and  pack  animals  wind  through 
primeval  forests  and  alcng  shoulders  of  great 
mountain  ridges  where  lofty  snow-clad  peaks 
and  deep  gorges  flash  into  view  at  every  turn. 

The  first  view  of  the  canyon  from  Lookout 
Point  cannot  be  surpassed.  Kings  River  Can- 
yon curves  but  little  and  its  long  perspective  is 
seen  for  miles  bisecting  the  Sierra  ricges.  At 
the  base  of  precipices  shimmer  moist  green 
meadows;  dark  forest-patches  spot  slopes  and 
canyon  floor,  and  through  it  all  is  traced 
the  silvery  line  of  the  South  Fork  of  the 
Kings  River,  its  flow  broken  by  long  rapids, 
deep  pools  and  tumultuous  cascades. 

From  Lookout  Point  the  descent  in  three 
miles  is  3,300  feet,  and  the  floor  of  the 
canyon  is  reached  at  Cedar  Grove,  where  the 
river  is  crossed  and  the  trail  makes  upstream. 
The  air  is  fragrant  with  pine  and  incense- 
cedar,  ahead  gleam  open  sunlit  meadows 
bright  with  flowers,  or  set  with  trees  in  park- 
like  precision but  the  roar  of  the  river  al- 
ways is  in  our  ears.  The  comfortable  tent- 
houses  of  the  Kings  River  Camp  stand  beneath 
the  brows  of  the  the  greatest  cliffs  of  the  canyon. 
Above  rises  the  huge  North  Dome,  and  across 
the  river  (which  is  here  joined  by  the  rushing 
Copper  Creek),  looms  the  great  Sentinal,  its 
grani  e  face  glowing  with  colors,  its  crest  3,500 
feet  above  the  waters  edge.  The  Sphinx  rears  its 
head  nearby.  Much  of  the  finest  scenery  lies 
close  at  hand — Paradise  Valley;  the  wild  Bubb's 
Creek  ravine;  Mist  Falls  and  Roaring  River 
Falls.  Glacier  Rock  rises  at  the  head  of  the 
canyon,  where  the  Kings  River  turns  in  from 
the  north  and  is  joined  by  Bubb's  Creek  cas- 
cading down  from  the  east. 

The  trail  continues  along  the  headwaters 
of  the  Kings,  which  make  their  way  through 
its  narrow  gorge,  breaking  white  against 
granite  rocks.  Five  miles  to  the  north  the 
defile  widens  into  a  level-floored  meadow  held 
within  vertical  cliffs.  This  is  Paradise  Val- 
ley, a  beautiful  vale  of  the  Sierra  type,  of  the 
same  character  as  Yosemite.  Here  camping 
is  truly  ideal  and  the  angler  will  be  tempted 
to  follow  the  Kings  to  its  lofty  snowbank 
sources.  A  well-marked  trail  leads  up  the 
western  side  of  the  canyon  to  Woods  Creek, 
and  up  that  stream  to  Rae  Lake,  Lake  Char- 
lotte, East  Lake,  Lake  Reflection  and  Bry- 

anthus    Lake gems    of    the    clearest    crystal 

and  alive  with  trout.      They  are   reached  also 
by   the   Bubb's   Creek   trail. 

Another  wonderful  gorge  reached  from 
Kings  River  Camp,  is  Tehipite  Canyon,  on 
the  Middle  Fork  of  the  Kings  River.  Tehi- 
pite Pinnacles  are  a  series  of  jagged  spires. 
At  their  base  are  wild  waterfalls,  and  on 
Cartridge  Creek,  a  tributary,  are  splendid 
cascades.  Simpson  Meadow  is  an  excellent 
camping  place. 

The  Bubb's  Creek  trail  leads  from  the 
Kings  River  Canyon  up  a  steep  ravine  where 
the  turbulent  stream  is  terraced  with  count- 
less cascades.  The  canyon  is  like  a  great 
stairway  into  the  heights  above.  At  the  top 
is  the  mighty  rock-ridge  of  which  the  lowest 
point  is  Kearsarge  Pass.  Here  one  stands 
upon  the  bare  back-bone  of  the  Sierra. 


Mount  Gould,  Mount  Gardner,  the  East  Vi- 
dette,  West  Vidette,  Deerhorn  Mountain, 
Mount  Bradley  and  Mount  Rixford  are  ar- 
rayed against  the  skyline  in  a  chain  of  ice- 
clad  peaks.  From  this  viewpoint  you  look 
far  down  the  eastern  wall  of  the  Sierra  to 
Owens  Valley  gleaming  in  the  sun. 

The  Mighty  Gorge  of  the   Kern   River 

The  Kern  River  Canyon  is  the  only  one 
of  the  mighty  gorges  of  the  Sierra  Nevada 
which  has  a  north  and  south  trend,  and  is 
even  more  extensive  than  the  canyon  of  the 
Kings;  its  walls  rise  as  high,  its  encompassing 
peaks  are  higher.  From  the  Kings  Canyon 
you  may  cross  the  lofty  Kings-Kern  Divide 
over  the  John  Muir  trail  east  of  Junction 
Peak,  entering  the  Canyon  of  the  Kern  at 
its  upper  end. 

From  Giant  Forest  a  popular  trail  leads 
past  Alta  Meadow  to  Mineral  King  Valley, 
thence  through  Franklin  Pass  and  down  the 
canyon  of  Rattlesnake  Creek  to  Kern  River 
Canyon  at  the  Lower  Funston  Meadow; 
while  another  trail  is  from  Mineral  King 
through  Farewell  Gap  to  Coyote  Pass,  de- 
scending into  the  great  gorge  at  its  lower 
end,  opposite  Volcano  Creek,  the  home  of 
the  far-famed  golden  trout.  The  Kern  River 
itself,  a  clear,  cold  mountain  torrent,  is  a  de- 
servedly noted  trout  stream.  Rainbow  trout, 
weighing  over  eight  pounds,  have  been  taken 
in  these  waters. 

The  Kern  Canyon  reaches  into  the  very 
heart  of  the  highest  Sierra.  To  the  west  rise 
the  Kaweah  Peaks,  the  loftiest  14,140  feet 
above  sea  level.  From  Miner's  Peak  one  may 
look  down  upon  the  great  Chagoopa  Forest 
and  into  the  immense  dark  cleft  in  the  earth 
known  as  the  Big  Arroyo.  Far  to  the  north- 
east, at  the  head  of  the  Kern  Canyon,  looms 
Mount  Tyndall,  14,101  feet. 

A  trail  follows  the  Kern  Canyon  north  to 
south,  thirty  miles,  the  cliffs  on  either  side 
often  rising  three  thousand  feet.  At  one 
point  in  the  lower  canyon  the  course  of  the 
river,  blocked  by  a  landslide,  has  formed  Kern 
Lake,  a  placid  expanse  of  water  which  mir- 
rors its  surroundings  with  miraculous  clear- 
ness. 

Many  Peaks  for  Mountain  Climbing 

The  mountaineer  should  strive  to  make 
the  Mount  Whitney  trip.  Its  ascent  is  not 
especially  difficult,  and  can  be  accomplished 
by  continuous  climbing  for  six  or  seven  hours. 
From  this  supreme  summit,  14,501  feet,  more 
than  sixteen  thousand  square  miles  lie  out- 
spread beneath  the  eye a  territory  larger 

than  Switzerland — and  within  the  range  of 
vision  are  no  less  than  sixty  peaks  exceed- 
ing twelve  thousand  feet  in  altitude.  And 
from  the  summit  of  Mount  Whitney  one  looks 
from  the  highest  to  the  lowest  point  in  Amer- 
ica, Death  Valley,  351  feet  below  sea  level, 
being  visible  far  to  the  southeast.  Mount 
Williamson,  14,384  feet,  is  much  more  dif- 
ficult. Tyndall,  14,025  feet,  Langley,  14,043 
feet,  and  the  South  Kaweah,  13.816  feet, 
are  all  interesting  climbs  for  those  who  are 
happiest  when  ascending  the  peaks  of  the  sky. 


Page     eleven 


Twin  Sisters.  General  Grant  National  Park 


In  the  High  Sierra  is  a  chain  of  lakes  that  reflect  the  glories  of  great  snow  peaks 


Accommodations  and  Transportation 
in  the  Parks 

Sequoia  National  Park. — At  the  Giant  Forest  there  is 
a  hotel-camp,  a  general  store,  telephone  station,  photo- 
graph galleries,  and  post  office  of  Giant  Forest,  Calif. 

Rates  of  Giant  Forest  Hotel-Camp 
Board  and  lodging: 

One  person,  per  day $  3.50 

One  person,  per  week 19.50 

One  person,  four  weeks 72.00 

Two  persons,  per  day,  each 3.00 

Two  persons,  per  week,  each 17.50 

Two  persons,  four  weeks,  each 65.00 

Meals  without  lodging: 

Breakfast  and  lunch,  each 75 

Dinner 1.00 

Lodging  without  meals 1 .00 

One-naif  of  the  regular  rate  will  be  charged  for  children 
under  8  years  of  age. 

Baths $0.35 

Guests  desiring  extra  tent  room  will  be  charged  as 
follows: 

Tent  capacity  of  four  people  occupied  by  two,  50  cents 
each  per  day  extra. 

Tent  capacity  of  two  people  occupied  by  one,  50  cents 
per  day  extra. 


The  Sequoia  National  Park  Transportation  Co.  operates 
an  auto  stage  service  from  Giant  Forest  to  points  of  interest 
in  the  park  at  the  following  rates: 

Rates  of  Sequoia  National  Park  Transportation  Co. 
Parker  Group,  Moro  Rock,  and  return — one  person 

Two  or  more,  each 

Admiration  Point  and  return — One  person 

Two  or  more,  each 

General  Sherman  Tree  and  return — One  person. 

Two  or  more,  each 

General  Sherman  Tree  and  Wolverton  and  icturn — 

One  person 

Two  or  more,  each  ... 


$1.00 

.75 

3.00 

2.50 

1.00 

.75 


2.00 
1.50 


Chester  Wright.  Giant  Forest.  Calif.,  has  a  license  to 
conduct  a  saddle  and  pack  animal  transportation  service 
in  the  Sequoia  National  Park. 

Parties  can  hire  saddle  horses  and  pack  mules  at  $1.50 
Per«<jy  eac^'  kut  in  all  cases  guide  must  accompany  same. 
at  $3.00  per  day,  the  guide  taking  charge  of  packing  and 
relieving  tourists  of  responsibility  for  animals.  All  animals 
will  be  equipped  with  riding  or  pack  saddles. 


Rates  for  Guides  and  Horses 

To  Sherman  Tree  and  return $2.00 

To  Sherman  Tree,  Wolverton,  and  return  by  Circle 

Meadow 3.00 

To  Moro  Rock  and  return 2.00 

To  Moro  Rock  and   return  by  Crescent.  Log.  and 

Huckleberry  Meadows 2.50 

To  Alta  and  return 3.50 

To  Twin  Lakes  and  return 3.50 

To  Moro  Rock,   Crescent,   Log,   Huckleberry  Mea- 
dows, and  Wolverton,  and  Sherman  Tree 3.50 

Parties  wishing  to  make  long  trips  will  be  furnished  with 
special  rates. 

General  Grant  National  Park. — In  General  Grant 
National  Park  there  is  a  camp,  a  general  store,  telephone 
station,  photograph  gallery,  and  post  office  of  General 
Grant  National  Park,  Calif. 

Rates  of  General  Grant  National  Park  Camp 

Board  and  lodging: 

Per  day,  each  person $  3.25 

Per  week,  each  person .... 

Per  month,  each  person 68.00 

Meals  or  lodging,  part  of  a  day: 

Breakfast  75 

Lunch. 

Dinner 1.00 

Lodging 1 .00 

One-half  of  the  regular  rate  will  be  charged  for  children 
under  8  years  of  age. 

Baths $0.35 

Guests  desiring  extra  tent  room  will  be  charged  as 
follows: 

Tent  capacity  of  four  people  occupied  by  two.  50  cent* 
each  per  day  extra. 

Tent  capacity  of  two  people  occupied  by  one.  50  cent* 
per  day  extra. 

During  the  season  of  1919  a  few  specially  appointed 
cottages,  with  private  reception  room,  hot  and  cold 
showers,  etc.,  will  be  maintained  at  rate  of  $4.00  per  day 
for  one  person,  $3.50  per  day  for  two  persons,  each,  includ- 
ing board  and  lodging. 

Rates  for  Saddle  Horse  and  Guide  Service 
A   tri-weekly  saddle  and  pack  train  service  is  operated 

from  General  Grant  Park   to  Kings  River  Canyon.      The 

rates  at  the  Kings  River  Canyon  Camp  are  the  same  aa 

at   the   National   Park,   and   the  camp   is  under  the  same 

management. 

General  Grant  National  Park  is  the  logical  gateway  to 

Kings  River  Canyon   points,  such   as   Kearsarge  Pass.  Mt. 

Brewer.  Rae  Lake.  Middle  Fork  Canyon,  Simpson  Meadow. 

and   other   points   in    the   area    of    the   proposed    Roosevelt 

National   Park. 


Page     thirteen 


Saddle  horses,  per  day $2.50 

Pack  mules,  per  day 

Packers  and  guides,  per  day 

Donkeys,  per  day '  -50 

Donkeys,  per  week 7.00 

Fare  to  Kings  River  Canyon  and  return 

How  to  Reach  the  Parks 

Sequoia  National   Park 

From  the  railroad  stations  of  Exeter  and  Visalia.  Calif., 
the  Visalia  Electric  Railroad  operates  frequent  daily  service 
to  Lemon  Cove,  Calif.  Lemon  Cove  is  connected  with 
Sequoia  National  Park  by  automobile  stages  of  the  Sequoia 
National  Park  Transportation  Company. 

Automobile  stages  leave  Lemon  Cove  Mondays,  Wednes- 
days and  Fridays  at  12:30  p.  m.;  arrive  Giant  Forest, 
Sequoia  National  Park  (40  miles)  5:30  p.  m.  Stages  leave 
Giant  Forest  Tuesdays,  Thursdays  and  Saturdays,  7:00 
a.  m.;  arrive  Lemon  Cove  12:00  noon.  Special  trips  will 
be  made  on  alternate  days  under  the  same  schedule  when 
two  or  more  passengers  are  available. 

Fares  via  Visalia  Electric  Railroad 

Between  Visalia  and  Lemon  Cove  (21  miles),  one-way  65c., 

round-trip  $1.10. 
Between  Exeter  and  Lemon  Cove  (1  1  miles),  one  way  35c., 

round-trip  60c. 

Stage  Fares  to  Sequoia  National  Park 

Between  Lemon  Cove  and  Giant  Forest,  one-way   $6.50, 

round-trip  $12.00. 

Children  under  12  years  of  age,  one-half  fare. 
Baggage   allowance,    40    pounds;     excess    baggage,    2c    per 
pound. 

General  Grant  National  Park 

General  Grant  National  Park  is  connected  by  automobile 
stages  of  the  Kings  River  Stage  &  Transportation  Com- 
pany with  the  railroad  station  of  Sanger,  Calif. 

Touring  cars,  operated  by  the  Kings  River  Stage  & 
Transportation  Co.,  leave  Sanger  each  morning  (except 
Sunday)  at  9:00  a.  m.  and  arrive  at  General  Grant  National 
Park  (46  miles)  at  2:30  p.  m.;  leave  General  Grant  Na- 
tional Park  at  9:00  a.  m.  and  arrive  Sanger  at  2:00  p.  m. 
Stops  for  lunch  are  made  in  each  direction. 

Stage  Fares  to  General  Grant  National  Park 

From  Sanger  to  General  Grant  National  Park,  $5.50. 
From  General  Grant  National  Park  to  Sanger,  $4.00. 
Round-trip.  $8.00. 

Baggage  allowance,  50  pounds;    excess  baggage,  $1.25  per 
100  pounds. 

Season 

The  1919  season  for  both  Parks  extends  from  May  24th 
to  October  !0th. 

Park  Administration 

Sequoia  and  General  Grant  National  Parks  are  under  the 
jui  isdict  ion  of  the  Director,  National  Park  Service,  Depart- 
ment of  the  Interior,  Washington,  D.  C.  The  Park  Super- 
intendent is  located  at  Three  Rivers,  Calif. 

Railroad  Tickets  and  Stopovers 

During  summer  season  round-trip  excursion  tickets  at 
reduced  fares  are  sold  at  certain  stations  in  California  to 
Sequoia  National  Park  and  to  General  Grant  National 
Park  as  destinations.  ^  

Through  tickets  to  other  destinations  (reading  between 
Los  Angeles  and  San  Francisco,  for  example),  will  be  hon- 
ored via  Exeter  and  Sanger  instead  of  via  Goshen  Junction. 


or  via  Visalia  instead  of  via  Laton,  as  the  case  might  be. 
Both  round-trip  and  one-way  tickets  are  good  for  stop- 
overs at  Exeter  or  Visalia  for  side-trip  to  Sequoia  National 
Park,  and  at  Sanger  for  side-trip  to  General  Grant  National 
Park. 


U.   S.    Government  Publications 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  Gov- 
ernment Printing  Office,  Washington,  D.  C., 
at  prices  given.  Remittances  should  be  made 
by  money  order  or  in  cash: 

"The  Secret  of  the  Big  Trees,"  by  Ellsworth  Huntington. 

24  pages,  14  illustrations,  5  cents. 
"  Forests  of  Yosemite,  Sequoia,  and  General  Grant  National 

Parks,"  by  C.  L.  Hill.     40  pages,  23  illustrations,  20 

cents. 
"The  National  Parks  Portfolio,"  by  Robert  Sterling  Yard. 

260  pages.  270  illustrations, descriptive  of  nine  national 

parks.      Pamphlet  edition,  35  cents;    book  edition,  55 

cents. 


The  following  may  be  obtained  from  the 
Director  of  the  United  States  Geological  Sur- 
vey, Washington,  D.  C.,  at  prices  given. 

Topographic  map  of  Sequoia  National  Park,  10  cents. 

Topographic  map  of  General  Grant  National  Park,  10 
cents. 


The  following  publications  may  be  ob- 
tained free  by  written  request  addressed  to  the 
Director,  National  Park  Service,  Washington, 
D.  C.,  or  by  personal  application  to  the 
office  of  the  superintendent  of  the  park : 

Circular  of  General    Information   Regarding  Sequoia  and 

General  Grant  National  Parks. 

Glimpses  of  Our  National  Parks.      48  pages,  illustrated. 
Map  showing  location  of  National  Parks  and  Monuments 

and  railroad  routes  thereto. 


U.   S.  R.  R.   Administration   Publications 

The  following  publications  may  be  ob- 
tained free  on  application  to  any  consolidated 
ticket  office;  or  apply  to  the  Bureau  of  Service, 
National  Parks  and  Monuments,  or  Travel 
Bureau  —  Western  Lines,  646  Transportation 
Building,  Chicago,  111. : 

Arizona  and  New  Mexico  Rockies 

California  for  the  Tourist 

Colorado  and  Utah  Rockies 

Crater  Lake  National  Park,  Oregon 

Glacier  National  Park,  Montana 

Grand  Canyon  National  Park,  Arizona 

Hawaii  National  Park,  Hawaiian  Islands 

Hot  Springs  National  Park,  Arkansas 

Mesa  Verde  National  Park,  Colorado 

Mount  Ranier  National  Park,  Washington 

Northern  Lakes — Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  Upper  Michigan. 

Iowa   and    Illinois 
Pacific  Northwest  and  Alaska 
Petrified  Forest  National  Monument,  Arizona 
Rocky  Mountain  National  Park,  Colorado 
Sequoia  and  General  Grant  Nat  onal  Parks.  California 
Yellowstone  National  Park,  Wyoming,  Montana,  Idaho 
Yosemite  National  Park.  California 
Zion  National  Monument.  Utah 


Deer  Horn  Mountains  from  Bryanthus  Lake.  Sequoia  National  Park 


Page     fourteen 


FSF^ 


The  National  Parks  at  a  Glance 


United     States     Railroad     Administration 

Director  General  of  Railroads 
For  particulars  as  to  fares,  train  schedules,  etc.,  apply  to  any  Railroad  Ticket  Agent,  or  to  any 


of  the  following  Consolidated  Ticket  Offices: 


Beaumont.  Tex.,  Orleans  and  Pearl  Sts. 

Bremerton.    Wash 224  Front  St. 

Butte.  Mont 2  N.  Main  St. 

•Chicago.  111.  ...  175  W.  Jackson  Blvd. 
•Colorado  Springs.  Colo.. 

II9E.  Pike's  Peak  Ave. 

Dallas.  Tex 1  12-1  14  Field  St. 

Denver.  Colo 601    17th  St. 

-Des  Moines.   Iowa 403  Walnut  St. 

Duluth,  Minn.  .  .  .334  W.  Superior  St. 
El  Paso.  Tex.  .  .Mills  and  Oregon  Sts. 

Ft.  Worth.  Tex 702  Houston  St. 

Fresno.  Calif J  and  Fresno  Sts. 

•Galveston.  Tex. 2  1st  and   Market  Sts. 

Helena.  Mont 58  S.  Main  St. 

-Houston.  Tex 904  Texas  Ave. 

Kansas  City.  Mo., 

Ry.  Ex.  Bldg..  7th  and  Walnut  Sts. 


Lincoln.  Neb 104  N.  13th  St. 

Little  Rock.  Ark 202  W.  2d  St. 

Long  Beach.  Calif..  L.A.  &  S.L.  Station 
Los  Angeles.  Calif ...  2 1 5  S.  Broadway 

Milwaukee.  Wis 99  Wisconsin  St. 

Minneapolis.  Minn..  202  Sixth  St.South 
Oakland.  Calif.  13th  St.  and  Broadway 

Ocean  Park.  Calif 160  Pier  Ave. 

Oklahoma  City.  Okla.. 

131  W.  Grand  Ave. 

Omaha.  Neb 1416  Dodge  St. 

Peoria.  111.  .Jefferson  and  Liberty  Sta. 
Phoenix.     Ariz., 

Adams  St.  and  Central  Ave. 
Portland,  Ore.,  3d  and  Washington  Sts. 

Pueblo,  Colo 401-3  N.  Union  Ave. 

St.  Joseph.  Mo 505  Francis  St. 

St.  Louis.  Mo., 

I    318-328  N.  Broadway 

East 


St.   Paul.  Minn.  .4th  and  Jackson  Sta. 

Sacramento.  Calif 801   K  St. 

Salt  Lake  City.  Utah. 

Main  and  S.  Temple  Sta. 
San  Antonio,  Tex., 

315-17  N.  St.  Mary 'a  St. 

San  Diego,  Calif 300  Broadway 

San  Francisco.  Calif. 

Lick  Bldg..  Post  St.  and  Lick  Place 
San  Jose, Calif..  IstandSanFernandoSta. 

Seattle.   Wash 714-16  2d  Ave. 

Shreveport,  La..Milam  and  Market  Sta. 

Sioux  City.  Iowa .510  4th  St. 

Spokane.  Wash.. 

Davenport  Hotel,  815  Sprague  Ave. 
Tacoma,    Wash ..  1  I  1 7-19   Pacific   Ave. 

Waco,  Tex 6th  and  Franklin  Sta. 

Whittier.  Calif    .  L.  A.  &  S.  L.  Station 


Winnipeg.  Man 


226  Portage  Ave. 


-    »***iMJVVM10t      IVIU  .     .     . 

Atlantic  City,  N.  J..  1301  Pacific  Ave. 
Baltimore.  Md.  .  .  B.  &  O.  R.  R.  Bldg. 

Boston.  Mass 67  Franklin  St. 

Brooklyn.  N.  Y 336  Fulton  St. 

Buffalo.  N.  Y..  Main  and  Division  Sts. 
-Cincinnati.  Ohio.  .6th  and  Main  Sts. 
.1004  Prospect  Ave. 


. 

Cleveland.  Ohio. 
•Columbus.  Ohio 
Dayton.  Ohio .  .  . 


1539  Chestnut  St. 

.  .Arcade  Building 

Reading.  Pa 16  N.  Fifth  St. 

Rochester.  N.  Y 20  State  St. 

Syracuse.   N.   Y.. 
Toledo.   Ohio .  .  . 


.  70  East  Gay  St. 
19S.  Ludlow  St. 


Washington.  D.  C 
Williamsport.   Pa 


.  University  Block 
320  Madison  Ave. 
.1229  F  St.  N.  W. 
.4th  and  Pine  Sta. 


.Annapolis  Md 54  Maryland  Ave.     Detroit.  Mich.  .  13  W.  LaFayette  Ave.  I  Philadelphia.    Pa 

Evansville.  Ind.  .L.  &  N.  R.  R.  Bldg.     Pittsburgh.  Pa.  . 

Grand  Rapids.  Mich 125  Pearl  St. 

Indianapolis. Ind..  I  12-14  English  Block 
Newark.  N.  J..  Clinton  and  Beaver  Sts. 

New  York,  N.  Y 64  Broadway 

New  York.  N.  Y.  .  .  .57   Chambers  St. 

New  York.  N.  Y 31  W.  32d  St. 

New  York.  N.  Y 1 14  W.  42d  St.  |  Wilmington.  Del 905  Market  St. 

South 

Knoxville,    Tenn 600   Gay   St. 

Lexington.    Ky Union   Station 

Louisville.  Ky.  .  .4th  and  Market  Sta. 

Lynchburg.  Va 722  Main  St. 

Memphis.  Tenn 60  N.  Main  St. 

Mobile.   Ala 51    S.   Royal   St. 

Montgomery.  Ala ....  Exchange  Hotel 
Nashville  Tenn.. Independent  Life  Bldg. 
New  Orleans.  La ....  St.  Charlea  Hotel 

For  detailed  information  regarding  National  Parks  and  Monuments  address  Bureau  of  Service, 
National  Parks  and  Monuments,  or  Travel  Bureau — Western  Lines.  646  Transportation  Bldg.. 
•Chicago. 

Page    fifteen 


Asheville.  N.  C.  .  .  .  14  S.  Polk  Square 

Atlanta.  Ga 74  Peachtree  St. 

Augusta,  Ga 8 11    Broad  St. 

Birmingham,  Ala 2010    1st  Ave. 

'Charleston.  S.  C Charleston  Hotel 

Charlotte.  N.  C 22  S.  Tryon  St. 

Chattanooga.  Tenn.  .  .817  Market  St. 

Columbia.  S.  C Arcade  Building 

Jacksonville.  Fla 38  W.  Bay  St. 


Paducah.  Ky    . 
la.  Fla 


.430  Broadway 

Pensacola.  Fla San  Carlos  Hotel 

Raleigh.   N.  C 305  LaFayette  St. 

Richmond.  Va 830  E.  Main  St 

Savannah.  Ga 37  Bull  St. 

Sheffield.    Ala Sheffield   Hotel 

Tampa.  Fla Hillsboro  Hotel 

Vicksburg.   Miss.  13  19  Waahington  St. 
Winaton-Salem.  N.  C..  236  N.  Main  St. 


SEASON    1919 


RATHBUN-6RANT-HELLER  CO..  CHICAGO 


The  General  Sherman  Tree,  largest  and  oldest  living  thing  in  all  the  world 


YELLOWSTONE 

National   Park 


WYOMING  - 


NTANA- IDAHO 


UNITED  STATES  RAILROAD  ADMINISTRATION 


P  A  R.   K. 


Copyright  by  Hayn«i.  Si.  Paul 

Riverside  Gey»er — Unlike  moet  Gey»crs  it  cpouU  obliquely    instead  of    vertically.      |t«    arching    column    of    water 

thrown  into  the  Firehole  River 
P a  i*    < u»o 


An   Appreciation    of 

Yellowstone    National    Park 

By  EMERSON  HOUGH 

Author  oj   "The  Mississippi  Rubble"   "54-40  or  Fight"    '"Che  Wau  to  the  West."  ft, 
Written  Especially  for  the  United  States  Railroad  Administration 

FTER  every  war  there  comes  a  day  of  diligence.  Usually 
war  is  followed  by  a  rush  of  soldiers  back  to  the  soil. 
We  have  3,000,000  soldiers,  a  large  per  cent  of  whom 
are  seeking  farms.  This  means  the  early  use  of  every 
reclaimable  acre  of  American  soil.  It  means  that  the 
wildernesses  of  America  soon  will  be  no  more. 

Our  great  National  Parks  are  sections  of  the  old  American  wilder- 
ness preserved  practically  unchanged.  They  are  as  valuable,  acre 
for  acre,  as  the  richest  farm  lands.  They  feed  the  spirit,  the  soul,  the 
character  of  America. 

Who  can  measure  the  value,  even  to-day,  of  a  great  national 
reserve  such  as  the  Yellowstone  Park?  In  twenty  years  it  will  be 
beyond  all  price,  for  in  twenty  years  we  shall  have  no  wild  America. 
The  old  days  are  gone  forever.  Their  memories  are  ours  personally. 
We  ought  personally  to  understand,  to  know,  to  prize  and  cherish 
them. 

Of  all  the  National  Parks  Yellowstone  is  the  wildest  and  most 
universal  in  its  appeal.  There  is  more  to  see  there — more  different 
sorts  of  things,  more  natural  wonders,  more  strange  and  curious  things, 
more  scope,  more  variety — a  longer  list  of  astonishing  sights — than 
any  half  dozen  of  the  other  parks  combined  could  offer.  Daily  new, 
always  strange,  ever  full  of  change,  it  is  the  circus  park,  Nature's 
continuous  Coney  Island.  It  is  the  most  human  and  the  most  popular 
of  all  the  parks. 

But  Yellowstone  is  more,  and  very  much  more,  than  that,  espe- 
cially in  its  new  and  vastly  enlarged  form  to-day.  As  it  now  is  con- 
stituted, it  is  the  noblest  sweep  of  unspoiled  and  yet  fully  accessible 
mountain  country  to  be  found  within  or  without  our  National  Park 
limits.  Here,  indeed,  you  may  see  the  ROCKIES,  and  as  you  look, 
there  will  arise  in  your  soul  the  phrase,  "As  it  was  in  the  Beginning!" 
Happily  also  follows  the  remainder  of  the  choral  chant,  "Is  now,  and 
ever  shall  be!"  What  price  can  you  put  on  that? 

Yellowstone  is  at  once  the  easiest,  the  most  feasible,  the  most 
human  of  all  the  parks,  and  also  the  wildest  and  most  unchanged. 
No  other  park,  and  no  other  mountain  region  within  our  borders, 

Page    three 


holds  such  numbers,  or  such  numbers  of  species,  of  native  American 
big  game. 

The  bears  of  Yellowstone  have  made  it  famous,  as  has  its  Painted 
Canyon.  Its  vast  elk  herds— the  last  hope  of  that  species  in  America- 
have  no  like  anywhere  in  our  country  now.  The  bighorn  sheep,  rarest 
and  wildest  of  our  big  game  animals,  still  lives  its  old  life  there.  The 
wise  and  busy  beaver  builds  its  dams  as  it  always  did.  The  antelope 
still  may  be  seen,  shadowy,  fleet.  The  two  species  of  American  deer 
still  thrive.  Lastly,  there  still  are  to  be  seen  some  hundreds  of  the 
noblest  of  all  our  wild  animals,  the  bison;  a  herd  larger  now  than  it 
was  when,  in  the  winter  of  1894,  the  writer  of  these  lines  explored 
Yellowstone  Park  on  ski  and  made  public  the  danger  then  existing 
of  the  extinction  of  the  wild  bison  at  the  hands  of  ruthless  winter 
hunters. 

Who  can  measure  the  value  of  these  native  treasures?  Where 
else  can  you  see  them?  What  other  country,  what  other  printed  page, 
can  teach  you  so  much  as  a  week's  reading  of  Nature's  page  here? 

And  you  can  travel  and  live  in  perfect  comfort!  That  is  alm< 
the  most  astonishing  thing  about  Yellowstone.  You  can  photograph 
a  wild  bear  and  eat  a  course  dinner  within  the  same  hour.  You  per- 
haps can  see  the  buffalo  from  your  seat  in  a  comfortable  touring  c< 
You  can  see  the  Canyon  and  geysers  and  the  Grand  Tetons  and  a  do; 
bold  mountain  lakes  and  streams  and  yet  sleep  in  as  good  a  bed 
you  left  at  home.  Literally,  the  world  has  nothing  like  this.  Otl 
parks  have  one  attraction,  several;  but  none  has  all  these.  And 
discomfort  or  danger  or  weariness  will  mar  your  day's  delights. 

I  know  the  Yellowstone — why  should  I  not,  who  have  seen 
last  corners,  summer  and  winter?  I  have  fought  for  its  elk,  its  buff< 
its  trout,  its  wider-flung  boundaries.  I  know  it  and  love  it  all  —  that 
is  why  the  United  States  Railroad  Administration  asks  me  to  write 
these  few  words  about  it.  So  will  you  love  it  when  you  know 
And  you  ought  to  know  it.  That  is  part  of  your  education  as 
American,  as  well  as  one  of  your  American  privileges  in  pleasurii 

Thank  God,  you  Americans,   that  Yellowstone  is  now  and 
shall  be — your  own!       Thank  God  that  there  you  still  can  see  a  part 
of  the  old  West — your  own  West — as  it  was  in  the  Beginning! 


Page    four 


Page   five 


=! " 


1 


To  the  American  People: 

Uncle  Sam  asks  you  to  be  his  guest.  He  has  prepared  for  you  the 
choice  places  of  this  continent — places  of  grandeur;  beauty  and  of 
wonder.  He  has  built  roads  through  the  deep-cut  canyons  and  beside 
happy  streams,  which  will  carry  you  into  these  places  in  comfort,  and 
has  provided  lodgings  and  food  in  the  most  distant  and  inaccessible 
places  that  you  might  enjoy  yourself  and  realize  as  little  as  possible 
the  rigors  of  the  pioneer  traveler's  life.  These  are  for  you.  They  are 
the  playgrounds  of  the  people.  To  see  them  is  to  make  more  hearty 
your  affection  and  admiration  for  America. 


Secretary  of  the  Interior 


Yellowstone    National    Park 


The  Yellowstone  is  the  largest  and  per- 
haps the  best  known  of  our  national 
parks. 

John  Colter,  of  the  Lewis  and  Clark 
Expedition,  who  was  in  the  region  in 
1807,  was  the  first  white  man  to  see  any 
part  of  what  is  now  the  Park.  James 
Bridger  and  Jos.  L.  Meek,  fur  trappers, 
were  there  in  the  30's.  Warren  A.  Ferris 
saw  the  geysers  in  1834,  and  wrote  the 
first  published  account  of  them.  Captain 
DeLacy  explored  a  part  of  the  country 
in  1863.  Folsom,  Cook,  and  Peterson 
were  there  in  1869;  the  Washburn-Doane 
party  in  1870,  and  Doctor  Hayden  in 
1871-72. 

Yellowstone  was  created  a  national 
park  by  act  of  Congress,  in  1872.  The 
Park  proper  is  about  62  miles  long  from 
north  to  south,  54  miles  wide,  and  has 
an  area  of  3,348  square  miles,  or  2, 1 42,270 
acres.  It  is  situated  principally  in  north- 
western Wyoming,  but  laps  over  a  little 
on  the  north  and  west  into  Montana  and 
Idaho.  The  Park  is  an  elevated  plateau 
surrounded  by  mountains  and  has  an 


average  elevation  above  sea  level   ran} 
ing  from  7,000  to  8,000  feet. 

There  is  nothing  in  all  the  world  lil 
Yellowstone  National  Park.     You  can' 
make   it    relative,    because    there   is 
standard  of  comparison;   but  you   m< 
take  it  for  granted   that  it  is   the  r< 
wonderland,    embracing    an    aggregatic 
of  fantastic  phenomena  as  weird  as  it 
wild  and  remarkable.     It  contains  g< 
sers,    mud    volcanoes,    mineral    spring 
exquisitely    colored    pools,    and    simil< 
manifestations    of    Nature.     There 
found    here    something    like    4,000    h( 
springs,  large  and  small;  100  geysers, 
and  little.      It  has  many  rushing  riv< 
and  limpid  lakes,  well  filled  with  troul 
It  has  waterfalls  of  great  height  and  Ian 
volume.      It  has  dense  forests,  mainly  of 
pine,  spruce,  fir,  and  cedar.     It  has  areas 
of  petrified  forests  with  trunks  standing. 
A  wide  variety  of  wild  flowers  of  brilliai 
hues  grow  in  profusion.     It  has  cany< 
of  sublimity,  one  of  which  presents 
unequalled    spectacle    of    golden    coloi 
Its  immense  area  affords  safe  refuge 


Page    six 


Copyright  by  Haynes,  St.  Paul 

An  interesting  bit  of  the  Grand  Canyon  below  Tower  Falls 


Page    seven 


Copyright  by  Haynes,  St.  Paul 

Wild  flowers  grow  in  great  profusion  and  variety  almost  everywhere  in  Yellowstone  National  Park 


the  animals  of  the  wild.  Nearly  200 
different  kinds  of  birds  have  been  noted 
here.  The  hotels  rank  with  the  best 
resort  hotels  to  be  found  anywhere. 
The  permanent  camps  offer  all  the  enjoy- 
able features  of  camp  life,  without  its  dis- 
comforts. 

Thus  it  will  be  noted  that  it  is  a  mis- 
take to  associate  Yellowstone  with  gey- 
sers alone.  While  the  Yellowstone  gey- 
sers have  no  counterpart  in  the  rest  of  the 
world,  without  the  geysers  the  Yellow- 
stone watershed  alone,  with  its  glowing 
canyon,  would  be  worthy  of  a  national 
park.  Were  there  also  no  canyon,  the 
scenic  wilderness  and  its  incomparable 
wealth  of  wild  animal  life  would  be  wor- 
thy of  the  national  park.  The  person- 
ality of  the  Yellowstone  is  threefold. 
The  hot-water  manifestations  are  worth 
minute  examination,  the  canyon  a  con- 
templative visit,  the  park  a  summer. 
Dunraven  Pass,  Mount  Washburn,  the 
Grand  Canyon  at  Tower  Falls,  and  other 
interesting  points  are  not  extensively 
known,  but  should  be  seen  by  every 
visitor  to  the  Park. 

A   bill   providing   for   the   addition   to 


Yellowstone   Park   of   an   area   of    1,1 
square  miles,  south  of  and  adjoining  tl 
Park,  is  pending  in  Congress.     This 
tension  will  include  the  craggy,  serrate 
granite  peaks  of  the  Teton  Range,  Jacl 
son  Lake,  all  of  the  rugged  scenic  lam 
north  of  the  Buffalo  Fork  of  the  Snal 
River,   including   the  valleys  of  Pilgrii 
and  Pacific  creeks  to  Two  Ocean  Pas 
also  the  canyons,  lakes,  and  forests  of  tl 
Upper   Yellowstone    and    the   Thorofai 
Basin.     The   inclusion   of    this    territor 
will  give  Yellowstone  a  stupendous  e? 
hibit  of  mountain  scenery,  which  is  coi 
parable  to  the  finest  in  the  world.     Tl 
amazing  Teton  Mountains  are,  from  th< 
nature,   a   part  of   the  Yellowstone  NJ 
tional    Park,    whose    gamut    of    majesti< 
scenery  they  complete.     Already  Yellow- 
stone visitors  have  claimed  it  and  auto- 
mobile stages  operate  to  Moran  on  Jack- 
son Lake. 

As  a  place  for  one  to  spend  as  man] 
weeks  as  may  be  possible  during  th< 
heated  months,  no  spot  in  this  count 
excels  Yellowstone.  Its  elevation 
sea  level — an  average  of  7,500  feet — il 
location  in  the  heart  of  the  Americai 


/'  a  i-  c    eight 


Rockies  amid  some  of  the  earth's  most 
inspiring  scenery,  combined  with  the 
extreme  purity  of  the  atmosphere,  the 
tonic  and  exhilarating  effect  of  the  moun- 
tain climate,  the  fine  character  of  the 
hotels  arid  camps,  the  good  roads  and 
trails  affording  the  most  interesting  horse- 
back rides,  the  excellent  trout  fishing, 
the  mountain  climbing,  the  weird  scenery, 
the  wild  animals — all  make  up  the  ensem- 
ble of  an  ideal  vacation  experience.  The 
Park  is  absolutely  unique  and  original; 
to  see  it  once  means  a  desire  to  see  it 
again.  It  grows  on  one,  and  many 
revisit  it  year  after  year.  Remember 
Yellowstone  National  Park  is  yours. 

An  Invigorating  Climate 

The  elevation,  together  with  the  corre- 
sponding equable  temperatures,  the  pure 
waters,  and  the  health-laden  breezes  from 
the  pine  forests,  is  sufficient  explanation 
of  the  Park's  nearly  perfect  climate. 
During  the  tourist  season  the  mean  aver- 
age temperatures  range  from  54°  to  64°, 
with  a  maximum  of  88°.  The  air  is  pure 
and  bracing. 


With  days  that  are  comfortable  and 
sunshiny,  but  never  hot  and  oppressive, 
inviting  opportunity  for  every  kind  of 
healthful  recreation;  with  nights  that 
are  always  cool,  conducive  to  sound  sleep, 
nothing  is  wanting  to  make  a  week,  a 
month,  or  a  season  here  everything  that 
an  outing  should  be.  Those  who  spend 
any  considerable  time  in  the  Park  and 
engage  in  fishing,  hiking  or  horseback 
riding,  motoring  or  boating,  will  receive 
big  "dividends"  in  health. 

Where  The  Geysert  Gush 

Nature  has  lavished  her  gifts  on  the 
region  of  the  Yellowstone.  Here  are  wild 
woodland,  crystal  rivers,  gorgeous  can- 
yons, and  sparkling  cascades;  but  of  all 
its  wonders  none  is  so  unusual,  so  start- 
ling, so  weird,  as  the  geysers.  Once 
seen,  the  memory  and  mystery  of  them 
will  forever  linger.  The  Yellowstone 
geysers  are  renowned  the  world  over,  be- 
cause of  their  size,  power,  number,  and 
variety  of  action. 

The  more  prominent  geysers  are  con- 
fined to  three  basins,  lying  near  each 


Copyright  by  Haynes,  St.  Paul 
Punch   Bowl  Spring — One  of  a   myriad  of  hot  springs,  pools  and    geysers,   which  fill   the   Upper  Geyser  Basin 


other  in  the  middle  west  zone.  Other 
hot  water  manifestations  occur  in  all 
parts  of  the  Park.  Marvelously  col- 
ored hot  springs,  mud  volcanoes,  and 
other  strange  phenomena  are  frequent. 
The  geysers  exhibit  a  large  variety 
of  character  and  action.  Some,  like 
Old  Faithful,  spout  at  regular  inter- 
vals; some  of  the  other  large  ones  play  at 
irregular  intervals  of  days,  weeks,  or 
months;  some  small  ones  play  every  few 
minutes.  Some  burst  upward  with  im- 
mense power;  others  hurl  streams  at 
angles  or  bubble  and  foam. 

Yellowstone  has  more  geysers  than  all 
the  rest  of  the  world.  Some  are  literal 
volcanoes  of  water.  To  translate  this 
into  volume  we  will  use  Old  Faithful  as 
an  example.  According  to  observations 
made  by  the  United  States  Geological 
Survey,  this  most  famous  of  all  geysers 
hurls  in  the  air  every  sixty-five  or  seventy 
minutes  a  million  and  a  half  gallons  of 
water,  or  33,225,000  gallons  a  day.  This 
would  supply  a  city  of  300,000  inhabi- 
tants. 

The  most  important  geysers  and  springs 
are  listed  below  (based  upon  observations, 
season  1917): 


Upper  Basin 


Morris  Basin 


NAME 

Height  of 
Eruption 
in  Feet 

Length  of 
Eruption 

Intervals 
Between 
Eruptions 

Artemisia 
Bee  Hive  
Castle  
Cub 

50 
200 
50-75 
60 

10  to  15  min' 
6  to  8  min. 
30  min. 
8  min. 

24  to  20  hrs. 
Several  hrs. 
24  t.  26  hrs. 
Daily 

Fan  
Giant  
Giantess  
Grand  
Grotto 

25 
200-250 
150-200 
200 
20-30 

10  min. 
1   hour 
12  to  36  hrs. 
40  to  60  min. 
Varies 

Irregular 
6  to  14  'days 
5  to  40  days 
1   to  4  days 
2  to  5  hrs. 

^rel  

5-20 
50-60 

1  min. 
2  to  4  min. 

5  min. 
2  to  7  times 

Lioness  
Mortar  
Oblong  
Old  Faithful  
Riverside  

80-100 
30 
20-40 
120-170 
80-100 

10  min. 
4   to  6  min. 
3  min. 
4  min. 
15  min. 

daily 
Irregular 
Irregular 
8  to  1  2  hrs. 
65to70min. 
8  hrs. 

Sawmill  ..  
Spasmodic  
Turban  

20-35 
20-40 

1  to  2  hrs. 
2  min. 
20  min. 

Twice  a  day 
2  to  3  hrs. 
Irregular 

NAME 

Height  of 
Eruption 
in  Feet 

Length  of 
Eruption 

Intervals 
Between 
Eruptions 

Constant  
Congress  Pool  .  .  . 

Echinus  

15-35 
Large  boiling 
30 
Beautiful  ho 
10-15 
8-15 

100-125 
6-25 
60 

5  to  15  sec. 
spring 
3  min. 
springs 

I  rregular 
40  to  45  min. 

Continuous 
1  to  3  min.  — 
at  times 
Irregular 
2  to  5  min. 
Irregular 

Emerald  Pool  .  .  . 

Minute  Man  .... 

j  5  to  30  sec. 

6  min. 
1  to  4  min. 
1  5  to  60  min. 

New  Crater  
Valentine  

NAME 

Jlack  Warrior . 

White  Dome 

Clepsydra 

Great  Fountain .  . 
Mammoth    Paint 

Pots 

Prismatic  Lake .  . 
Turquoise 


Lower  Basin 

_  »t  of 
Eruption 
in  Feet 
:ew  feet 

10 

10-40 
75-100 


Length  of 
Eruption 


1  min. 
Short 
45  to  50  min. 


nterval 

Between 

Eruptic 

Continuous 

40to60min. 

3  min. 

8  to  I  I  hrs. 


Basin  of  boiling  clay 
Remarkable  coloring 
100  feet  in  diameter 


The  Lone  Star  Geyser,  just  off  the  r< 
from  Upper  Basin  to  Thumb,  has  one 
the  most  beautiful  cones.     It  plays  sixty 
feet  in  the  air  for  ten  minutes,  at  intervals 
of  forty  minutes. 

Grand  Canyon  and  Great  Falls  oi 
the  Yellowstone 

The  glories  of  the  Great  Falls  and  th< 
beauty  of  the  Grand  Canyon  rival  the 
geysers  in  interest. 

The  canyon  is  vast.     A  cross-section  ii 
the  largest  part  measures  2,000  feet  at  tl 
top  and  200  feet  at   the  bottom,   wil 
1 ,200  feet  of  depth.     The  Upper  Fall 
109  feet,  the  Lower  or  Great  Fall, 
feet  in  height.     The  canyon  and  Low< 
Fall  —  a  composite  picture  —  are  seen 
the    best    advantage   from   Artist   Foil 
and  Inspiration  Point. 

The   following  quotations   describe 
well    as    words    can    this    awe-inspirm{ 
wonder: 

Lieut.  G.  C.  Doane,  U.  S.  A.,  in  charj 
of  the  military  escort  of  the  Washbui 
government  expedition  of  1870,  wrote: 

"There  are  perhaps  other  canyoi 
longer  and  deeper  than  this  one,  bv 
surely  none  combining  such  grandeur  ai 
immensity  and  peculiarity  of  formatior 
and  profusion  of  volcanic  or  chemical 
phenomena.  The  combinations  of  me- 
tallic lustres  in  the  coloring  of  walls  are 
truly  wonderful,  surpassing,  doubtless, 
anything  of  the  kind  on  the  face  of 
globe." 


Page    ten 


Photo  by  Haynes,  St.  Paul 

There  are  Geyaen    and  Geyaera — some  smaller,    aome  larger,    but   none    so    popular    aa    Old    Faithful — Never  failing, 
always  on   time,  it  perform*  about  every  seventy  minute* 


Copyright  by  Hoynes,  St.  Paul 


Old  Faithful  Inn  —  A  most  unique  hotel  in  a  most  unique  region  —  near  Old  Faithful  Geyser,  overlooking  the 

Upper  Geyser  Basin 


Rudyard  Kipling  wrote:  "All  that 
I  can  say  is  that  without  warning  or 
preparation  I  looked  into  a  gulf  1,700  feet 
deep,  with  eagles  and  fish-hawks  circling 
far  below.  And  the  sides  of  that  gulf 
were  one  wild  welter  of  color — crimson, 
emerald,  cobalt,  ochre,  amber,  honey 
splashed  with  port  wine,  snow-white, 
vermilion,  lemon,  and  silver-grey  in  wide 
washes.  The  sides  did  not  fall  sheer,  but 
were  graven  by  time  and  water  and  air 
into  monstrous  heads  of  kings,  dead  chiefs 
— men  and  women  of  the  old  time.  So 
far  below  that  no  sound  of  strife  could 
reach  us,  the  Yellowstone  River  ran,  a 
finger-wide  strip  of  jade  green.  The  sun- 
light took  those  wondrous  walls  and  gave 
fresh  hues  to  those  that  Nature  had 
already  laid  there. 

"Evening  crept  through  the  pines  that 
shadowed  us,  but  the  full  glory  of  the 
day  flamed  in  that  canyon  as  we  went 
out  very  cautiously  to  a  jutting  piece  of 
rock — blood-red  or  pink  it  was — that 
hung  the  deepest  deeps  of  all." 

The  famous  artist  Moran  said:     "Itc 


beautiful  tints  are  beyond  the  reach 
human    art."     And    General    Sherm? 
referring  to  Moran's  painting  of  the 
yon,  added:     "The  painting  by  Moran 
the  Capitol   is   good,   but   painting  ai 
words  are  unequal  to  the  subject." 

Folsom,    connected    with    the   private 
expedition  of  '69,  and  who  first  wrote 
the  canyon,  said:     "  Language  is  entire 
inadequate  to  convey  a  just  conceptic 
of  the  awful  grandeur  and  sublimity 

this   most  beautiful   of   Nature's   han< 

k»t 
. 

The  Terraced  Mammoth  Hot  Sprii 

At  Mammoth  Hot  Springs,  in  the  nort 
of  the  Park,  hot  waters  heavily  char$ 
with  lime  have  built  up  tier  upon  tier 
white    terraces    which    the    algae-lad( 
waters  color   faint   tints  of   red,   yellow, 
blue,    and    pink.     Each    terrace    carries 
basins,    elaborately   carved   and    frett< 
which,     when     their    springs     run     di 
merge  into  the  great  hills  of  white  foi 
tion,  while  new  basins  form  upon  tl 
edges.     These  terraces  engulf  trees.  Th< 
form  an  astonishing  spectacle. 


Page    twelve 


Pulpit,  Jupiter,  Cleopatra,  and  Hymen 
terraces,  Orange  Spring,  the  White  Ele- 
phant, Angel  Terrace,  and  the  Devil's 
Kitchen  are  the  most  important  attrac- 
tions. Liberty  Cap,  a  monument-like 
shaft,  was  once  embodied  in  a  terrace; 
because  it  was  of  harder  rock-like  mate- 
rial, the  erosion  which  washed  away  its 
surrounding  formation  has  left  it  stand- 
ing. A  similar  but  smaller  shaft  near-by 
is  known  as  the  Giant's  Thumb. 

There  are  rides,  walks,  and  drives  about 
the  springs.  The  mouth  of  Boiling 
River,  and  the  canyon  and  Osprey  Fall 
of  the  Middle  Gardiner  River  behind 
Bunsen  Peak,  are  all  within  walking  dis- 
tance; they  also  can  be  reached  by  horse- 
back or  by  auto. 

The  general  panorama  at  Mammoth 
Hot  Springs  is  one  of  the  most  strik- 
ing in  the  Park.  The  steaming,  tinted 
terraces  and  Fort  Yellowstone  near-by; 
the  long,  palisaded  escarpment  of  Mount 
Everts  to  the  east;  the  dominating  pres- 
ence of  Bunsen  Peak  to  the  south,  with 
the  Gardiner  Canyon  and  the  distant 
elevations  of  the  Mount  Washburn 


group;  the  rugged  slopes  of  Terrace 
Mountain  to  the  west,  and  the  distant 
peaks  of  the  Snowy  Range  to  the  north — 
all  together  form  a  surrounding  landscape 
of  wonderful  beauty  and  contrast. 

A  Wild  Animal  Refuge 

The  Yellowstone  National  Park  is  per- 
haps the  largest  and  certainly  the  most 
successful  wild-animal  refuge  in  the 
world.  For  this  reason  it  offers  an  excep- 
tional field  for  nature  study. 

The  increase  in  the  number  of  wild 
animals  in  the  Park  is  very  noticeable: 
this  because  of  the  careful  protection 
afforded  them.  Hunting  is  prohibited, 
except  with  a  camera,  and  this  is  encour- 
aged. Besides  many  bears  and  buffaloes, 
there  are  antelope,  mountain  sheep, 
whitetail  and  mule  deer,  and  more  than 
30,000  elk.  These  animals  are  harmless 
when  no  attempt  is  made  to  annoy  or 
interfere  with  them.  They  may  not 
always  be  seen  by  the  visitors  in 
the  automobiles  which  travel  the  main 
highways  daily  during  the  season,  but 
the  quiet  watcher  on  the  near-by  trails 


The  Lounge,  a  distinctive  feature  of   the  beautiful  Grand  Canyon   Motel 


Page   thirteen 


A   picturesque  spot  on   the  auto   road  at  Gibbon    Falls 


may  often  see  deer  and  bear  and  elk 
and  antelope,  and  he  may  even  see 
mountain  sheep,  moose,  and  buffalo  by 
journeying  on  foot  or  by  horseback  into 
their  retreats. 

The  summer  season  in  the  Park  is  the 
vacation  period  for  bears.  Morning  and 
evening  a  few  of  the  many  bears  in  the 
Park  frequent  the  vicinity  of  the  hotels 
and  camps  and  wax  fat  and  sleek  upon 
food  the  hotels  throw  away.  Watching 
these  bears  feed  is  one  of  the  early  even- 
ing diversions.  Occasionally  a  grizzly 
may  be  seen  among  them. 

Only  twenty-five  buffalo  had  been  left 
by  hunters  when  protection  laws  were 
passed  in  1896.  These  have  increased 
now  to  nearly  400.  They  are  in  two 
herds.  The  larger,  miscalled  the  "tame 
herd,"  because  it  is  somewhat  under  con- 
trol by  the  rangers,  lives  in  the  upper 
Lamar  Valley,  where  visitors  may  easily 
find  it.  Approach  is  over  a  good 
motor  road.  During  the  summer  tourist 
season,  a  few  of  these  are  driven  into 
pasture  at  Mammoth  Hot  Springs  so  as 
to  be  visible  to  the  tourists.  The  so- 


called  wild  herd   roams    the    wilderness 
round  about  Yellowstone  Lake. 

There  are  many  moose  around  the 
southeast  arm  of  Yellowstone  Lake  and 
on  Hell-roaring  Creek,  and  they  are  in- 
creasing in  number.  Occasionally  one  or 
more  may  be  seen  by  tourists  near  the 
main  road  of  the  Park,  far  from  their 
favorite  haunts. 

The  beaver,  once  so  important  a  part 
of  animal  life  in  the  West,  are  also  rapidly 
increasing.  Almost  every  stream  shows 
signs  of  their  presence.  Near  Tower 
Falls  there  are  several  colonies;  the  ponds 
are  easily  seen  by  tourists  who  visit  the 
locality.  There  are  also  some  beside 
the  Tower  Fall  road,  near  Mammoth  Hot 
Springs,  just  south  of  the  crossing  of 
Lava  Creek. 

Of  birds  there  are  between  1 50  and  200 
species — geese,  ducks,  pelicans,  gulls, 
eagles,  hawks,  owls,  night  hawks,  ravens, 
Rocky  Mountain  jays,  tanagers,  blue- 
birds, water  ouzels,  blackbirds,  meadow 
larks,  robins,  and  others. 


Pail     f  our  tt  t  n 


Excursions  On  Yellowstone  Lake 

Yellowstone  Lake  is  a  large  sheet  of 
water,  of  irregular  form,  its  shores  heavily 
wooded  and  indented.  It  is  of  moderate 
depth  and  twenty  miles  across.  The  Ab- 
saroka  Range  of  snow-capped  mountains 
rises  from  its  edge  to  altitudes  of  1 0,000  to 
1 1 ,000  feet.  On  the  shore  of  the  lake  at 
the  West  Arm,  there  are  highly  colored 
paint  pots  and  many  hot  pools.  From 
the  lake  the  mountain  scenery  of  the 
Park  is  seen  to  exceptional  advantage. 
There  are  attractive  camping  and  outing 
spots  on  the  borders  of  Yellowstone  Lake 
and  in  the  neighboring  mountains.  Nu- 
merous motor  boat  trips  may  be  made  by 
arranging  with  the  boat  company  at 
Lake  Outlet.  Among  these  are  trips  to 
the  southeast  arm  of  the  lake,  where  one 
may  see  the  pelicans  on  Molly  Island;  a 
trip  to  the  south  arm  of  the  lake,  also  to 
Flat  Mountain  Arm,  and  another  one  to 
Steamboat  Point.  An  equipment  of  new, 
small  motor  boats  is  available  for  these 
excursions.  Rates  for  rowboats  are 
$2.00  a  day;  50  cents  an  hour.  Row- 
boats  equipped  with  motors,  $7.50  a 


day;    first  hour,   $3.00;  each    additional 
hour,  $1.25. 

Near  the  Lake  Outlet,  the  Government 
has  constructed  a  sub-fish  hatchery  that 
adds  interest  to  the  locality. 

Well  Stocked  Fishing  Grounds 

In  1889  the  United  States  Fish  Com- 
mission began  the  distribution  of  fish  in 
the  Park  waters.  In  recent  years  there 
has  been  an  annual  distribution  aggre- 
gating hundreds  of  thousands  of  trout, 
so  that  most  of  the  lakes  and  streams  in 
which  fish  can  thrive  are  now  stocked 
with  one  or  more  varieties.  Something 
like  10,000,000  young  fish  have  been 
placed  in  Park  \vaters.  These  comprise 
grayling  and  Rocky  Mountain  whitefish; 
black  spotted  or  native  trout;  rainbow, 
Loch  Leven,  lake,  eastern  brook,  and 
Von  Behr  or  brown  trout. 

Practically  all  the  waters  within  easy 
distance  of  the  Park  hotels  and  camps 
are  kept  well  stocked  with  fish,  and  many 
of  the  more  remote  streams  and  lakes  are 
even  better  supplied  owing  to  their  being 
less  visited  by  anglers. 


Copyright  by  Haynes,  St.  Paul 

Handkerchief  Pot 


'Nature's  Laundry."  near  Old  Faithful  Inn 


Page    fifteen 


Pagr  sixteen 


Page   seventeen 


m 

Copyright  by  Haynes,  St.  Paul 


Mammoth   Hot  Springs   Hotel   and   Mount   Everts,   from   the  Painted    Terrace* 


Visitors  who  do  not  take  their  own 
fishing  equipment  can  supply  themselves 
at  any  of  the  hotels  or  camps  upon  pay- 
ment of  a  small  rental. 

Yellowstone  is  a  paradise  for  the  expert 
angler.  Almost  any  of  a  hundred  streams 
can  be  successfully  whipped  by  an  adept, 
while  an  amateur  can  catch  lake  trout 
near  the  Lake  Outlet.  No  license  is 
required. 

Hundreds  of  Miles  of  Trails 

The  advent  of  motors  in  Yellowstone 
National  Park  reduces  the  time  formerly 
required  to  travel  between  points,  and 
permits  the  tourist  to  spend  more  of 
his  time  in  viewing  individual  points 
of  interest.  To  fill  these  new  needs 
the  National  Park  Service  is  developing 
the  trail  system  as  rapidly  as  time 
and  appropriations  permit.  Much  al- 
ready has  been  accomplished,  and  several 
hundred  miles  of  trails  are  now  available 
for  the  horseback  rider  and  hiker. 
These  trails  lead  into  the  remote  scenic 
sections  of  the  Park,  out  to  streams  and 
lakes  teeming  with  fish,  far  away  into  the 


foothills  of  the  Absaroka  Range  where 
the  wild  buffalo  browse,  and  into  othei 
regions   of   strange   geologic   formatioi 
If  persons  wish   to  travel  on  the 
without  the  service  of  a  guide,  carefi 
inquiries  should  be  made  at  the  office 
the  superintendent  of  the  nearest  ranj 
station  before  starting,  and  the  govern- 
ment  topographic   map   should   be   prc 
cured  and  studied. 

Saddle  horses  for  hire  are  available  for 
guests  of  the  hotels  and  camps  at  Mam- 
moth Hot  Springs,  Upper  Geyser  Basin, 
and  Grand  Canyon.  The  rates  are  $3.00 
a  day;  $1.00  first  hour,  50  cents  for  eacl 
subsequent  hour.  Guide  with  horse, 
$5.00  a  day. 

Fossil    Forests 

The  fossil  forests  cover  an  extensive 
area  in  the  northern  part  of  the  Park, 
being  especially  abundant  along  the  west 
side  of  the  Lamar  River  about  twenty 
miles  above  its  junction  with  the  Yellow- 
stone. 

The  late  General  H.  M.  Chittenden, 
the  foremost  authority  on  Yellowstone 


P a gt    eighteen 


National  Park,  thus  described  these 
petrified  trees:  "The  tourist  may  see 
upon  the  slopes  of  Specimen  Ridge,  side 
by  side,  the  living  and  the  dead,  the 
little  conifers  of  present  growth,  and  the 
gigantic  trunks  of  unknown  species  which 
flourished  there  eons  ago.  Some  of  the 
petrifactions  are  perfect.  Roots,  bark, 
parts  showing  incipient  decay,  worm 
holes,  leaves — all  are  preserved  with  abso- 
lute fidelity.  The  rings  of  annual  growth 
may  be  counted,  and  these  indicate  for 
the  large  trees  an  age  of  not  less  than 
500  years.  Some  of  the  stumps  are  fully 
ten  feet  in  diameter.  Here  and  there  the 
ponderous  roots  stand  imbedded  in  the 
rock  face  of  the  cliff,  where  erosion  has 
not  yet  undermined  them.  Some  hollow 
trees  show  interiors  beautifully  lined  with 
holocrystalline  quartz.  How  long  it  took 
each  growth  to  reach  maturity;  how  long 
it  flourished  afterward  before  destruction; 
and  how  long  the  several  lava  flows  sus- 
pended vegetable  growth,  are  matters 
largely  conjectural." 


A  Veritable  Flower  Garden 

The  Yellowstone  is  the  botanist's  para- 
dise. The  whole  Park  is  a  veritable 
flower  garden,  its  coloring  changing  with 
the  advancing  season.  Specimens  of  the 
most  delicate  lowland  flowers  are  found 
in  close  proximity  to  fields  of  snow. 
The  visitor  notes  the  profusion  of  color- 
ing of  these  natural  flower  gardens. 

Authorities  estimate  that  forest  growth 
covers  fully  84  per  cent,  of  the  entire  area 
of  the  Park.  In  these  forests  are  pine, 
fir,  balsam,  spruce,  cedar,  poplar,  and 
aspen,  with  occasionally  a  dwarf  maple 
and  a  thicket  of  willows. 

Hotels  and  Permanent  Camps 

Visitors  have  the  choice  of  service  at 
hotels  or  permanent  camps.  All  service 
is  under  the  supervision  of  the  United 
States  Government  and  is  maintained  at 
a  high  standard. 

The  hotels  are  first  class.  They  are 
electric  lighted,  steam  heated,  and  other- 
wise modernly  equipped. 

The   permanent   camps    are   in   effect 


Photo  by  Newman  Traveltalks 

Pulpit  Terrace — Mammoth  Hot  Springs — one  of  many  peculiar  formations  found  here — noted    for  exquisite  beauty 

of  coloring  and  variety  of  forms 


Page     nineteen 


One  of   the  several   permanent  camps — For  years  camping   in   comfort   has   been  a   feature 

Yellowstone  travel 


villages  of  tent-houses  set  among  the  pine 
trees.  Each  camp  consists  of  central 
service  buildings  and  scores  of  cozy 
sleeping  tents.  All  hotels  and  permanent 
camps  are  situated  with  special  reference 
to  their  convenience  for  sight-seeing. 

The  hotel  and  the  permanent  camp  at 
Mammoth  Hot  Springs  are  near  the 
colored  terraces  and  Liberty  Cap,  and 
across  the  plaza  from  historic  Fort  Yel- 
lowstone; Old  Faithful  Inn  and  Old 
Faithful  Camp  at  the  Upper  Geyser 
Basin  are  near  Old  Faithful  Geyser  and 
other  big  geysers.  The  Grand  Canyon 
Hotel  is  on  the  west  side  of  the  Grand 
Canyon,  within  easy  walking  distance 
of  the  Great  Fall  and  Inspiration  Point. 
The  Canyon  Camp  is  on  the  opposite  side 
of  the  Grand  Canyon,  near  Artist  Point. 
The  Tower  Fall  Camp  faces  the  mouth 
of  Lamar  River,  several  miles  farther 
north. 

Old  Faithful  Inn,  at  Upper  Geyser 
Basin,  the  first  hotel  of  its  kind,  has  be- 
come one  of  the  most  popular  hotels  in 
the  country.  It  is  a  striking  structure  of 


logs   and   boulders.     The   rendezvous 
75  feet  square,  and  92  feet  high  to  the 
of  the  roof,  with  balconies  around  thi 
sides.     A  massive  stone  chimney,  with 
fireplace  at  each  side  and  corner,  or  eight 
fireplaces  in  all,  is  a  feature  of  this  rooi 
It  is  steam-heated,  electric-lighted,  pl< 
antly  furnished,   and   thoroughly  hoi 
like. 

Old  Faithful  Inn  and  also  Old  Faith 
Camp  are  near  Old  Faithful  Geyser;  op 
site,  and  but  a  trifle  farther  away,  are  t 
Giantess,  Lion,  Bee  Hive,  Lioness, 
Cubs  geysers;  down  the  little  valley  t 
Castle  Geyser  is  in  plain  view,  and 
eruptions  of  the  Grand  Geyser,  and 
some  extent  those  of  the  Giant,  Art 
mesia,  and  Riverside  geysers,  can  be 
A  particular  feature  of  the  Inn  is  a  large 
searchlight  on  top  of  the  building,  which 
is  operated  every  night,  showing  the 
geysers  in  play  and  the  bears  feeding  at 
the  edge  of  the  woods,  under  electric  light. 

At    the    outlet    of  Yellowstone   Lak 
will    be  found    the    fine    Lake    Coloni 
Hotel,    thoroughly     modern     in     every 
respect.      It  has  an  imposing  front  with 


it. 

= 


Page    twenty 


large    columned    porches    at    each    end 
and  in  the  center. 

The  Grand  Canyon  Hotel  is  one  of  the 
finest  of  resort  hotels.  It  is  640  feet  long 
by  415  feet  wide.  A  large  number  of 
rooms  have  private  baths.  1 1  is  equipped 
with  elevators,  cold  storage  and  ice-mak- 
ing plant,  and  is  electric-lighted  and 
steam-heated.  The  main  feature  of  the 
hotel  is  the  lounge.  This  is  1 75  feet  long 
by  84  feet  wide;  the  sides  are  practically  all 
plate  glass.  An  orchestra  is  maintained. 

"Camping"  in  Yellowstone  is  a  term 
which  is  likely  to  be  misleading.  These 
large,  permanent  summer  camps  are  not 
"camps"  in  the  usual  sense.  They  afford 
all  of  the  enjoyable  features  of  camp  life 
without  any  of  its  characteristic  annoy- 
ances. The  sleeping  tents  are  wain- 
scoted in  wood  to  a  height  of  four  feet, 
with  canvas  sides  and  roof.  Each  tent 
has  wooden  doors  with  locks  and  screened 
windows.  The  tents  are  heated  by 
wood-burning  stoves  and  furnished  with 
full-size  comfortable  beds.  The  food, 
wholesome,  varied,  and  well  cooked,  is 
served  in  large  dining  halls. 


All  permanent  camps  have  large  recrea- 
tion pavilions,  with  hardwood  floors,  for 
dancing  and  other  amusements. 

At  these  camps  emphasis  is  placed  on 
out-of-doors  entertainment.  A  feature 
of  the  early  evening  is  the  camp  fire — a 
pyramid  of  burning,  crackling  pine  logs 
in  the  glow  of  which  the  guests  sing,  eat 
pop  corn,  and  participate  in  impromptu 
entertainments. 

Automobile    Transportation 

The  Yellowstone  Park  Transportation 
Company,  under  contract  with  the  Gov- 
ernment, operates  a  transportation  line 
from  the  Park  entrances  to  the  various 
hotels,  camps,  and  points  of  interest. 
The  standard  equipment  for  these  tours 
consists  of  high-powered,  10-passenger 
automobiles,  built  to  fit  the  necessities  of 
Yellowstone  travel;  they  move  on  regu- 
lar schedules.  Stop-overs,  without  extra 
charge,  may  be  procured  from  the  trans- 
portation company. 

There  are  available  7-passenger  autos, 
with  chauffeurs,  for  special  trips.  Ar- 
rangements for  these  must  be  made  with 


Photo  by  Haynes,  St.  Paul 

Cleopatra  Terrace — Mammoth  Hot  Springs— One  of  the  most  striking  of  all  these  wonderful  formations 


Page    twen  ty-one 


Fishing  in   the  Yellowstone   River — The  park  lakes  and   streams  are  stocked   annually   with   trout 


the  transportation  company.  The  rate 
is  $6.00  an  hour.  Service  charges  in  the 
Park  are  fixed  by  the  National  Park  Ser- 
vice, Department  of  the  Interior. 

The  automobile  trip  through  the  Park 
is  about  150  miles  of  constant  variety. 
Each  clay's  journey  unfolds  new  enjoy- 
ments. The  landscape  changes  with 
amazing  suddenness.  Each  wonder  spot 
seems  but  the  prelude  to  something  more 
inspiring. 

The  Government  has  spent  large  sums 
of  money  to  perfect  the  roads;  they  are 
sprinkled  and  maintained  in  good  condi- 
tion. Also  within  recent  years  it  has 
expended  more  than  $2,000,000  in  various 
betterments.  The  roads  to  points  over- 
looking the  Grand  Canyon  and  to  the 
summit  of  Mount  Washburn  are  very 
popular. 

Side  Trips  From  Stop-over  Places 

Many  short  and  inexpensive  trips  are 
available  from  the  principal  stop-over 
places  in  the  Park. 

One  of  the  most  delightful  of  these  is 
across  the  southern  boundary  of  the  Park 


to    the    historic   Jackson    Lake   country 
celebrated  as  one  of  the  most   thrillm 
high    mountain    spectacles    of    Americ 
Motor  stages  leave  Upper  Geyser  Basi 
early  in  the  day,  going  via  the  Thum 
and  reaching  Jackson  Lake  early  in  t 
afternoon.     Returning,  stages  leave  Jac 
son  Lake  about  noon  and  arrive  at  t 
Thumb  in  time  to  connect  with  the  regu 
lar    Park   Tour   automobiles.     The   cos 
of  this  excursion,   to  holders  of  regula 
Park  tickets,  is  $10  for  the  round  trip 
The  hotel  rate  at  Jackson  Lake  is  $4. 
a  day,  and  up.      It  is  necessary  to  spen 
one  night  at  Jackson  Lake. 

From  Upper  Geyser  Basin  a  trail  tri 
to  Shoshone  Geyser  Basin  and  Lake,  f 
one  or  more  days,  is  a  pleasant  diversion. 
Shorter  trips  are  walks  or  rides  to  Lone 
Star  Geyser  or  drives  to  Shoshone  Point. 

Another    pleasant    drive    from    Upper 
Geyser  Basin  is  down  to  the  junction  of 
the  Gibbon  and  Firehole  rivers,   to  fis 
for  grayling. 

From  the  Outlet  at  Yellowstone  Lak 
several  pleasant  excursions  may  be  mad< 
by  auto  to  Sylvan  Pass  and  other 


;i 

; 


Page    tvtnty-two 


points,  but  the  lake  and  boating  excur- 
sions are  the  primary  attractions. 

One  of  the  most  interesting  side  trips 
in  the  Park  is  made  from  the  Grand 
Canyon.  This  trip  may  be  made  as  a 
part  of  the  regular  park  tour  by  use  of 
the  road  that  passes  over  the  top  of 
Mount  Washburn,  elevation  10,000  feet. 
It  can  be  done  by  automobile,  horseback, 
or  afoot.  The  distance  from  hotel  to 
summit  is  eleven  miles.  One  can  go  by 
road  and  return  by  a  well-worn  trail 
through  entirely  different  scenes. 

The  view  from  Mount  Washburn  is 
marvelous,  and  one  obtains,  as  in  no 
other  way,  an  accurate  and  connected 
idea  of  the  Park  as  a  whole. 

From  Mammoth  Hot  Springs  numer- 
ous trips  may  be  made.  Among  the 
most  popular  are  the  ascents  of  Electric 
and  Bunsen  peaks  and  Mount  Everts, 
and  around  Bunsen  Peak  (which  includes 
a  view  of  Osprey  Fall  and  Middle  Gardi- 
ner River  Canyon).  Trouting  excursions 
are  many  and  easily  made. 

From  Mammoth  Hot  Springs  or  the 
Grand  Canyon  a  side  trip  by  auto  or 


saddle  horse  may  be  made  into  the  north- 
eastern part  of  the  Park,  passing  the 
Buffalo  Farm  and  terminating  at  the 
quaint  little  mining  camp  of  Cooke  City. 
The  town  is  surrounded  by  some  of  the 
most  imposing  mountains  in  this  section, 
and  radiating  from  it  are  numerous  paths 
which  can  be  followed  on  horseback. 
One  may  go  up  into  the  Granite  Range 
to  Goose  Lake,  which  lies  at  an  altitude 
of  10,000  feet,  by  wagon  road,  a  distance 
of  about  twelve  miles. 

From  the  head  of  Goose  Lake  a  gradual 
climb  of  about  a  mile  and  a  half  brings 
one  to  the  Grasshopper  Glacier,  so  named 
because  of  the  fact  that  the  remains  of 
grasshoppers  are  imbedded  in  the  ice, 
where  they  were  caught  by  a  snowstorm, 
at  some  remote  time,  during  a  flight 
across  the  pass. 

From  the  Tower  Fall  region,  an  inter- 
esting side  trip  by  foot  or  horseback  can 
be  made  to  the  petrified  trees  of  the  Fossil 
Forest. 

Another  trail  from  Cooke  City  follows 
the  wagon  road  to  Clark's  Fork  and 
thence  to  the  southward  over  Dead  In- 


Copyright  by  Hoynes,  St.  Paul 

The  fir.t  tight  of  a   real   wild   bear  in   his  native  wood*   gives   the  Yellowstone  visitor  juat  a  little  thrill 


Page    twcnly-thrtt 


Copyright  by  Haynes,  St.  Paul 

There  are  about  400  Bison  in  the  park — The  "Big  Herd"  on  Lamar  River  is   the  largest  in  the  world 


dian  Hill,  through  Sunlight  Basin,  to 
Cody,  where  the  road  leads  back  into  the 
Park  over  Sylvan  Pass  to  Yellowstone 
Lake. 

Gateways  to  Yellowstone 
National  Park 

The  tourist  may  enter  the  Park  at 
Gardiner  on  the  north,  Yellowstone  sta- 
tion on  the  west,  or  Cody  on  the  east. 
From  the  north,  on  the  way  to  Gardiner, 
one  rides  by  train  through  scenic  Para- 
dise Valley  and  between  the  walls  of 
Yankee  Jim  Canyon,  alongside  the  rush- 
ing torrent  of  Yellowstone  River,  and 
past  Electric  Peak.  From  the  west  the 
train  traverses  a  fertile  agricultural 
region,  then  enters  the  picturesque 
Warm  River  Canyon  and  continues  on 
through  forests,  natural  parks,  and  wood- 
ed crests  over  the  Continental  Divide  to 
Yellowstone  station.  From  the  east  it 
is  an  auto  trip  from  Cody  by  way  of 
Shoshone  River  Canyon  and  the  big 
Government  Dam;  thence  through  the 
National  Forest  Reserve,  over  Absoraka 
Range,  and  through  Sylvan  Pass. 


When  to  go  to  the  Park 

Season  1919 — The  first  date  autoi 
biles  will  start  from  either  Gardin< 
Yellowstone  or  Cody,  will  be  June  2( 
and  the  last  date  automobiles  will  stai 
from  these  gateways  to  make  a  complet 
tour  of  the  Park  will  be  September  I 
The  last  date  automobiles  will  reach  ai 
of  the  gateways,  after  tour  of  the  Parl 
will  be  September  1 9. 

The    Park    season    is    a  time    of 
year    when  a  sojourn   among  the  moui 
tains  is  most  healthful  and  pleasurable 
While  in  the  early  part  of  the  summe 
there    is   more    snow   on   the   mountaii 
and     the     streams    carry     more    wat< 
August    and    September    are    delightfi 
months  during  which  to  make  the  toui 
There  is  no  time  when    there  is  the  least 
possibility  of    the   streams    running   dry 
or   of    the   waterfalls    disappearing;    tl 
geysers  play   equally  well,  in  Septeml 
or   in   June,   and   the  autumnal   hues 
trees   and   foliage    lend     an    apprecial 
beauty  to  the  scene. 


twenty -four 


How  to  Reach  the  Park 

Automobiles  of  the  Yellowstone  Park  Transportation 
Company  connect  with  railroads  at  Gardiner.  Mont.,  on 
the  north. — Yellowstone  station.  Mont.,  on  the  west,  and 
Cody.  Wyo..  on  the  east. — these  three  being  the  principal 
gateways  to  the  Park. 

Yellowstone  National  Park  at  a  Destination:  — 
During  the  Park  season  round-trip  excursion  tickets  at  re- 
duced fares  are  sold  at  practically  all  stations  in  the  United 
States  and  Canada,  to  Gardiner.  Yellowstone  station  and 
Cody,  as  destinations.  From  the  Middle  West.  East, 
and  South,  round-trip  excursion  tickets  may  be  purchased 
for  transportation  on  going  trip  to  any  of  the  three 
Yellowstone  National  Park  gateways,  (Gardiner.  Yellow- 
stone station,  Cody),  and  for  transportation  on  the  return 
trip  from  the  same  or  any  other  gateway,  thus  affording 
passengers  privilege  of  entering  the  Park  at  one  entrance 
and  leaving  it  at  the  same  point  or  any  one  of  the  other 
entrances. 

From  many  sections  trips  may  be  planned  to  include 
visits  to  two  or  more  of  the  following  national  parks  in 
the  Rocky  Mountain  region:  Yellowstone.  Glacier.  Rocky 
Mountain,  and  Mesa  Verde. 

Coupons  covering  automobile  transportation  and 
accommodations  at  the  hotels  or  permanent  camps 
for  the  "five-day"  tour  of  the  Park  may  be  included  in 
railroad  tickets  at  proper  additional  charges,  which  are 
the  same  as  those  in  effect  at  the  Park.  The  National 
Park  Service  of  the  Department  of  the  Interior,  however, 
recommends  to  the  traveling  public  that  stop-overs  of  as 
long  duration  as  practicable  be  planned  at  points  within 
the  Park;  that  Yellowstone  National  Park  be  regarded 
not  alone  as  a  region  which  may  be  glimpsed  on  a  hurried 
trip  of  a  few  days,  but  also  as  a  vacation  playground  of 
boundless  opportunities  for  rest  and  recreation. 

Yellowstone  National  Park  as  a  side-trip — Pass- 
engers wishing  to  visit  Yellowstone  National  Park  as  a 
side-trip  in  connection  with  journeys  to  other  destinations 
will  find  stop-over  privileges  available  and  may  make 


side-trips  to  the  Park  from  Livingston,  Mont..  Pocatello 
Ida..  Ogden.  Utah.  Salt  Lake  City.  Utah,  or  Frannie. 
Wyo..  which  are  stop-over  points  on  both  one-way  and 
round-trip  tickets,  or  from  Billings,  Mont.,  or  Buttc. 
Mont.,  which  are  stop-over  points  on  round-trip  tickets. 

Cost  of  the  Park  "Five-Day"  Tour  from 
Gardiner,  Yellowstone  or  Cody 

In.  In. In, i-    M..'.,r 

I  in-Ill, lin.-    Motor       TrniiMiKirltttniii 
TrHii*i><>rliilii>n  HIM!  <  Inly 

M>-il!"   lili.l    Logman  M.-iil-   ...n-l 

Atlloti-ln    AtCampn    Ixxiuiin  Kilrn 
For   adults,  and     children 

12  years  old  and  over.  .  $52  00     $4300          $2500 
For   children    8    years   old 

and  under  12  years..  ..     39.50        21.50  1250 

For   children    5    years   old 

and  under  8  years 2600        21.50  12.50 

The  above  charges  are  not  subject  to  war  revenue  tax. 

Longer  time  than  is  provided  by  the  regular  five-day  tour 
may  be  spent  at  the  various  stop-over  points,  if  desired. 
For  such  additional  time,  meals  and  lodging  are  charged 
for  at  the  rate  of  $6.00  a  day  at  the  hotels  and  $4.00  a 
day.  or  $24.00  a  week  and  up,  at  the  camps.  Childrens' 
tickets  for  hotel  or  camp  accommodations  are  sold  in 
Park  only. 

Tickets,  including  meals  and  lodging  in  the  Park,  entitle 
holders  to  accommodations  to  the  value  of  $6.00  a  day 
at  hotels,  American  plan.  Rates  for  especially  well  located 
rooms  (including  rooms  with  bath)  $7.00  to  $10.00  a  day, 
American  plan.  Persons  desiring  such  accommodations 
pay  the  difference  at  each  hotel. 

General    Information 

Detailed  information  about  fares  or  train  service  to  and 
from  Yellowstone  National  Park  as  well  as  all  other. 
National  Parks  may  be  obtained  from  any  Railroad  ticket 
agent,  or  by  writing  to  Bureau  of  Service,  National  Parks 
and  Monuments,  or  Travel  Bureau — Western  Lines.  646 
Transportation  Building,  Chicago.  111. 


Antelope  are  much  less  numerous  than  the   Elk   and  Deer  in   the   Park,  yet  about   350  of  these    beautiful   creatures 

have   teen   seen   in   one  day 

Page    twent \ - 


Copyright  by  Haynes,  St.  Paul 


A  novel  bit  of  roadway  at  Sylvan  Pass 


Women  Tourists 

Fully  sixty  per  cent  of  the  park  visitors  are  women  and 
a  large  percentage  of  them  travel  unescorted.  There  are 
competent  women  attendants  at  the  hotels  and  camps 
whose  special  duty  is  to  look  after  the  welfare  of  women 
and  see  that  they  are  made  comfortable  and  that  their 
trips  are  enjoyable  ones. 

Mail   and   Telegrams 

Mail  and  telegrams  should  be  addressed  to  the  gateway 
at  which  the  addressee  will  leave  the  park,  as  follows: 
At  Gardiner,  Montana,  or  Yellowstone  station,  Idaho,  in 
care  of  the  Yellowstone  Hotel  Company  or  Yellowstone 
Camping  Company  (whichever  patronized);  at  Cody, 
Wyoming,  in  care  of  Yellowstone  Park  Transportation  Co. 

What  to  Wear 

Warm  clothing  should  be  worn,  and  one  should  be 
prepared  for  the  sudden  changes  of  temperature  common 
at  an  altitude  of  7,500  feet.  Men  should  have  medium 
weight  overcoats  and  sweaters,  and  women  should  have 
coats,  jackets  or  sweaters.  Linen  dusters  are  essential; 
they  may  be  purchased  in  the  Park.  Stout  shoes  should 
be  worn,  as  they  are  best  suited  for  walking  about  the 
geysers  and  terraces,  and  for  mountain  use.  Tinted  glasses 
and  serviceable  gloves  should  be  a  part  of  the  traveler's 
outfit,  and  a  pair  of  field  or  opera  glasses  will  be  found 
useful. 

Baggage 

The  Yellowstone  Park  Transportation  Company  will 
carry  free  not  to  exceed  twenty-five  pounds  of  hand 
baggage  for  each  passenger.  Trunks  cannot  be  transported 
in  the  automobiles.  Tourists  contemplating  a  prolonged 
trip  through  the  Park  can  make  arrangements  with 
representatives  of  the  Transportation  Company  at  any 
of  the  gateways  for  the  transportation  of  trunks. 

Storage  charges  for  baggage  will  be  waived  by  the 
interested  railroads  at  Livingston.  Gardiner.  Yellowstone 
station.  Pocatello,  Idaho  Falls.  Ogden.  Salt  Lake  City. 
Cody.  Frannie  or  Billings,  or  at  Butte.  for  actual  length 


of  time  consumed  by  passengers  in  making  the  Park  trip 
Baggage  may  be  checked  to  station  via  which  passeng* 
enter    the    Park,     i.  e.,    Gardiner,     Yellowstone    or    Cc 
Passengers  entering  the  Park  via  one  station  and  leaving 
another  station  will  find  certain  regulations  for  free  checl 
of  baggage  to  station  via  which  they  leave  the  Park. 

Bring  Your  Camera 

Nowhere   will   you   find   greater   opportunities    to 
good  use  of  your  camera  than  in  Yellowstone.      Huntir 
with  gun  is  prohibited,  but  visitors  are  allowed  to  "si 
as    often     as    they    desire   with   cameras  and    the    field 
unlimited.      Photographic  supplies  can  be  obtained  at 
hotels  and  camps. 

Bath  House 

A  bathing  pool  is  maintained  at  Upper  Geyser 
Rates,   50  cents  in   large   pool;   $1.00  in  private  pool. 

Medical   Facilities 

A    resident    physician    is    stationed    at    Mammoth 
Springs,   and    each    hotel    and    camp    has   a    trained    nur 
and  a  dispensary. 

Park  Administration 
Yellowstone  National  Park  is  under  the  jurisdiction 
the  Director.  National  Park  Service.  Department  of 
Interior.  Washington.  D.  C.  The  Park  Superintendent 
located  at  Mammoth  Hot  Springs.  Yellowstone  Natic 
Park.  Wyo. 

Personally    Conducted    Saddle    and    Pack    Trips 
the  Beaten  Paths 

A  most  enjoyable  way  of  seeing  Yellowstone  National 
Park  is  to  join  an  all-expense  horseback  camping  party 
conducted  by  experienced  guides  authorized  by  the  Gov- 
ernment to  personally  escort  such  excursions. 

The  names  and  addresses  of  the  licensees  and 
information  concerning  these  "Roughing-it-in- 
trips.  may  be  obtained  from  National  Park  Servic 
Department  of  the  Interior.  Washington.  D.  C.;  or  a; 
to  Manager.  Bureau  of  Service,  National  Parks  and  Me 
ments.  or  Travel  Bureau — Western  Lines.  646  Transport 
tion  Building.  Chicago.  111. 


P. a  ge    twenty-six 


Time  of  Departure  and  Arrival  of  the  Auto- 
mobiles at  Gardiner,  Yellowstone  and 
Cody  railroad  stations,  for  the 
regular  "five-day"  tour. 

In  and  Out  Via  Gardiner 

Leave  Gardiner  11.30  a.m.,  via  Mammoth 
Hot  Springs,  Norris  Geyser  Basin,  Upper  Geyser 
Basin,  Yellowstone  Lake,  Grand  Canyon,  and 
Tower  Falls;  arriving  Gardiner  7.00  p.  m.,  fifth 
day. 


Mammoth  Mot  Springs 


From  Gardiner  St<i. 


YI-MO*  stout 

1  nki 


From  GarJiner  Sta. 


Mammoth  Mot  Springs 


Norris  Gi>  set 


I  ..«.  i    Tails 


Upper  (U\  si 


In  Gardiner,   Out  Cody 

Leave  Gardiner,  11.30  a.m.,  via  Mammoth 
Hot  Springs,  Norris  Geyser  Basin,  Upper  Geyser 
Basin,  Yellowstone  Lake,  and  Grand  Canyon, 
(side  trip  to  Dunraven  Pass)  arriving  Cody 
6.00  p.m.,  fifth  day. 


Upper  Geyser  Basin 


In  Gardiner,  Out  Yellowstone 

Leave  Gardiner  1 1 .30  a.m.,  via  Mammoth 
Hot  Springs,  Norris  Geyser  Basin,  Upper  Geyser 
Basin.  Yellowstone  Lake,  Grand  Canyon,  (side 
trip  to  Dunraven  Pass)  arriving  Yellowstone 
5.30  p.m.,  fifth  day. 


Mammoth  Hot  Springs 


Norris  Geyser 


From  Gardiner  Stu. 


Dunraven  Pans 
Grand  Canyon 


Upper  Geyser  Ba 


To  Cody  Sta. 


Haynes,  St.  Paul 

Entering  the  Park  through  the  canyon  of  the  Shoshone  River 


Page   tw ent y  -s even 


Photo  by  Newman  Traveltalks 

Mt.  Moran  and  Jackson  Lake — Awe-inspiring  in  their  grandeur  and  beauty 


In  Yellowstone,  Out  Yellowstone 

Leave  Yellowstone,  9.00  a.m.,  via  Upper  Geyser 
Basin,  Yellowstone  Lake,  Grand  Canyon,  Tower 
Falls,  Mammoth  Hot  Springs,  Norris  Geyser 
Basin,  arriving  Yellowstone  5.30  p.m.,  fifth  day. 


In  Yellowstone,  Out  Cody 

Leave  Yellowstone,  9.00  a.m.,  via  Upper  Geyj 
Basin,  Yellowstone  Lake,  Grand  Canyon,  To\ 
Falls,  Mammoth  Hot  Springs,  Norris  Geyi 
Basin,  and  Grand  Canyon,  arriving  Cody  6. 
p.m.,  fifth  day. 


Mammoth  Hot  Springs 


Mammoth  Hot  Springs 


Tower  Falls 

Dunraven  Pass 
rand  Canyon 


Yellowstone 
Lake 


Tower  Falls 

Dunraven  Pass 
Grand  Canyon 


Upper  Geyser  Basin 


In  Yellowstone,   Out   Gardiner 

Leave  Yellowstone,  9.00  a.m.,  via  Upper  Geyser 
Basin,  Yellowstone  Lake,  Grand  Canyon,  Tower 
Falls,  Mammoth  Hot  Springs,  arriving  Gardiner 
7.00  p.m.,  fifth  day. 


To  Cody  Sta. 


Yellowstone 
Lake 


Upper  Geyser  .Basin 

In    Cody,   Out  Cody 

Leave  Cody,   8.00  a.m.,   via   Grand  Cany< 
Tower  Falls,    Mammoth     Hot   Springs,     Noi 
Geyser  Basin,  Upper  Geyser  Basin,  Yellowstt 
Lake,   and   Grand  Canyon,  arriving  Cody   6.( 
p.m.,  fifth  day. 


To  Gardiner  Sta. 


Mammoth  Hot  Spring 


Mammoth  Hot  Springs 


Norris  Geyser  Busln 


Tower  Fulls 


From 
'Yellowttone  -^^\ 


Upper  Geyser  Basin 

Page   twenty-eight 


Upper  Geyuer  Basin 


Norris  Geyser  Basin  bubbles  and  hisses  and  steams  like  a  great  manufacturing  district 


In  Cody,   Out  Yellowstone 


In   Cody,   Out  Gardiner 

Leave  Cody,  8.00  a.m.,  via  Grand  Canyon, 
Norris  Geyser  Basin,  Upper  Geyser  Basin, 
Yellowstone  Lake.  Grand  Canyon,  Tower  Falls.  Leave  Cody.  8-°°  a-m-  via  Grand  Canyon. 

and  Mammoth  Hot  Springs,   arriving  Gardiner       Tower    Falls,    Mammoth    Hot    Springs,    Norris 


7.00  p.m.,  fifth  day. 


Mammoth  Hot  Springs 


Geyser  Basin,  and  Upper  Geyser  Basin,  arriving 
Yellowstone  5.30  p.m.,  fifth  day. 

.Mammoth  Hot  Springs , 


Tower  Falls 


Tower  Palls 


Photo  by  Haynes,  St.  Paul 

Jackson  Lake  and   the  Teton  Range  are   near   the  southern   entrance  to  the   Park,  and  are  in    the 

proposed   new   addition 


Page    twenl y-nine 


Touring  the  Park  on  horseback  is  becoming  more  and  more  popular,  because  of  the  development  of  several 

hundred  miles  of  trails 


U.  S.   Government  Publications 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  Govern- 
ment Printing  Office,  Washington,  D.  C.,  at 
prices  given.  Remittances  should  be  made  by 
money  order  or  in  cash: 

Geological  History  of  Yellowstone  National  Park,  by  Ar- 
nold Hague,  24  pages,  10  illustrations,  10  cents. 

Geysers,  by  Walter  Harvey  Weed.  32  pages.  23  illustra- 
tions, 10  cents. 

Fossil  Forests  of  the  Yellowstone  National  Park,  by  F.  H. 
Knowlton.  32  pages.  15  illustrations.  10  cents. 

Fishes  of  the  Yellowstone  National  Park,  by  W.  C.  Kendall 
28  pages,  1  7  illustrations.  5  cents. 

Panoramic  view  of  Yellowstone  National  Park;  18  by  21 
inches,  25  cents. 

The  National  Parks  Portfolio,  by  Robert  Sterling  Yard. 
260  pages,  270  Illustrations  descriptive  of  nine  national 
parks.  Pamphlet  edition,  35  cents;  book  edition, 
55  cents. 


The  following  may  be  obtained  from  the 
Director  of  the  Geological  Survey,  Washington, 
D.  C.,  at  price  given. 

Map  of     Yellowstone    National    Park.    32   by   36  inches. 
25  cents. 


The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
free  on  written  application  to  the  Director  of 
the  National  Park  Service,  Washington,  D.  C., 
or  by  personal  application  to  the  office  of  the 
superintendent  of  the  Park: 
Circular  of  general  information  regarding  Yellowstone 

National  Park. 


Map  showing  location  of  National  Parks  and  Monur 

and   railroad   routes   thereto. 
Glimpses  of  Our  National  Parks,  48  pages  illustrated. 

U.  S.  R.  R.  Administration  Publications 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
free  on  application  to  any  consolidated  ticket 
office;  or  apply  to  the  Bureau  of  Service, 
National  Parks  and  Monuments,  or  Travel 
Bureau — Western  Lines;  646  Transportal 
Building,  Chicago,  Illinois. 

Arizona  and  New  Mexico  Rockies 

California  for  the  Tourist 

Colorado  and  Utah  Rockies 

Crater  Lake  National  Park,  Oregon 

Glacier  National  Park,  Montana 

Grand  Canyon  National  Park.  Arizona 

Hawaii  National  Park.  Hawaiian  Islands 

Hot  Springs  National  Park,  Arkansas 

Mesa  Verde  National  Park.  Colorado 

Mount  Rainier  National  Park,  Washington 

Northern  Lakes — Wisconsin,  Minnesota,  Upper  Michi 

Iowa    and    Illinois, 
Pacific  Northwest  and  Alaska 
Petrified  Forest  National  Monument,  Arizona 
Rocky  Mountain  National  Park.  Colorado 
Sequoia  and  General  Grant  National  Parks,  California. 
Yellowstone   National    Park,   Wyoming.    Montana, 
Yosemite  National  Park,  California 
Zion  National  Monument.  Utah 


Page     thirty 


THE   HAWAIIAN   ISLANDS 


The  National   Parks  at  a  Glance 

United    States    Railroad    Administration 

Director   General  of  Railroads 

For  particulars  as  to  fares,  train  schedules,  etc.,  apply  to  any  Railroad  Ticket  Agent,   or  to  any 
of  the  following  Consolidated  Ticket  Offices: 

West 

Beaumont,  Tex.,  Orleans  and  Pearl  Sts.  j  Lincoln.  Neb .... 

Bremerton.  Wash 224  Front  St.  Little  Rock.  Ark . 

Butte.  Mont 2  N.  Main  St.  Long  Beach.  Cal .  L.  A.  &  S.  L.  Station 

Los  Angeles,  Cal 

Milwaukee,  Wis. 


Chicago.  Ill 1  75  W.  Jackson  Blvd. 

Colorado  Springs,  Colo. 

119E.  Pike's  Peak  Ave. 

Dallas.  Tex 112-114  Field  St. 

Denver.  Colo 601    17th  St. 

Des  Moines.  Iowa 403  Walnut  St. 

Duluth.  Minn 334  W.  Superior  St. 

El  Paso.  Tex  ....  Mills  and  Oregon  Sts. 

Ft.  Worth.  Tex 702  Houston  St. 

Fresno,  Cal J  and  Fresno  Sts. 

Galveston.  Tex  .  .21st  and  Market  Sts. 

Helena.  Mont 58  S.  Main  St. 

Houston.  Tex 904  Texas  Ave. 

Kansas  City.  Mo. 


21  5  S.  Broadway 
99  Wisconsin  St. 


Minneapolis.  Minn.  202  Sixth  St.  South 
Oakland.  Cal..  13th  St.  and  Broadway 
Ocean  Park.  Cal  ........  160  Pier  Ave. 

Oklahoma  City.  Okla. 

131  W.  Grand  Ave. 
Omaha.  Neb  ..........  1416  Dodge  St. 

Peoria,  111  .  .  .Jefferson  and  Liberty  Sts. 
Phoenix,  Ariz. 

Adams  St.  and  Central  Ave. 
Portland.  Ore.  .3d  and  Washington  Sts. 
Pueblo.  Colo.  ..  .401-3  N.  Union  Ave. 

St.  Joseph.  Mo  ........  505  Francis  St. 


104  N.  13th  St.  I  St.  Paul,  Minn.  .  .4th  and  Jackson  Sts. 

.202  W.  2d  St..     Sacramento,  Cal 801  K  St. 

Salt  Lake  City.  Utah. 

Main  and  S.  Temple  Sts. 
San  Antonio,  Texas. 

315-17  N.  St.  Mary's  St. 

San  Diego.  Cal 300  Broadway 

San  Francisco,  Cal. 

Lick  Bldg..  Post  St.  and  Lick  Place 
San  Jose,  Cal.  1  st  and  San  Fernando  Sts. 

Seattle.  Wash 714-16  2d  Ave. 

Shreveport,  La. .  Milam  and  Market  Sts. 

Sioux  City.  Iowa 5 10  4th  St. 

Spokane.  Wash. 

Davenport  Hotel.  815  Sprague  Ave. 
Tacoma,  Wash.  ..1117-19  Pacific  Ave. 
Waco,  Texas.  .  .  .6th  and  Franklin  Sts. 
Whittier.  Cal L.  A.  &  S.  L.  Station 


Ry.  Ex.  Bldg. 

.  7th  and  Walnut  Sts. 

St.  Louis  Mo...  .  318-328  N.  Broadway 

Winnipeg,  Man.  . 

.  .  .  226  Portage  Ave. 

East 

Annapolis.  Md.  . 

.  .  .  54  Maryland  Ave. 

Detroit.  Mich..  .  13  W.  LaFayette  Ave. 

Philadelphia.  Pa. 

..1539  Chestnut  St. 

Atlantic  City.  N. 

J...1301  Pacific  Ave. 

Evansville.  Ind.  .  .L.  &  N.  R.  R.  Bldg. 

Pittsburgh,  Pa  .  .  . 

.  .  .  .Arcade  Building 

Baltimore,  Md  .  . 

.B.  &0.  R.  R.  Bldg. 

Grand  Rapids.  Mich  125  Pearl  St. 

Reading.  Pa  

16  N.  Fifth  St. 

Boston,  Mass  .  .  . 
Brooklyn.  N.  Y  . 
Buffalo.  N.  Y.  M 
Cincinnati,  Ohio  . 

67  Franklin  St. 
336  Fulton  St. 
ain  and  Division  Sts. 
.  6th  and  Main  Sts. 

Indianapolis.  Ind.  1  1  2-  1  4  English  Block 
Newark.  N.  J.  Clinton  and  Beaver  Sts. 
New  York.  N.  Y  64  Broadway 

Rochester.  N.  Y.  . 
Syracuse,  N.  Y  .  .  . 
Toledo.  Ohio  

20  State  St. 
.  .  .  University  Block 
.  .  320  Madison  Ave. 

Cleveland.  Ohio. 

.  .  1004  Prospect  Ave. 

New  York.  N.  Y  57  Chambers  St. 

Washington.  D.  C 

.  .  .1229  FSt.  N.  W. 

Columbus,  Ohio  . 

70  East  Gay  St. 

New  York.  N.  Y  31  W.  32d  St. 

Williamsport.  Pa. 

.  .  .4th  and  Pine  Sts. 

Dayton.  Ohio  .  .  . 

....19S.  LudlowSt. 

New  York.  N.  Y  1  14  W.  42d  St. 

Wilmington.  Del. 

905  Market  St. 

South 

Asheville.  N.  C. 

14  S    Polk  Square 

Knoxville,  Tenn  600  Gay  St. 

Paducah    Ky 

430  Broadway 

Atlanta,  Ga  

74  Peachtree  St. 

Lexington,  Ky  Union  Station 

Pensacola,  Fla  .  .  .  . 

.  .    San  Carlos  Hotel 

Augusta.  Ga  .... 

.......811  Broad  St. 

Louisville,  Ky  ....  4th  and  Market  Sts. 

Raleigh.  N.  C.  .. 

.  .305  LaFayette  St. 

Birmingham,  Ala 

2010  1st  Ave. 

Lynchburg.  Va  722  Main  St. 

Richmond.  Va  .  .  . 

830  E.  Main  St. 

Charleston.  S.  C 

Charleston  Hotel 

Memphis,  Tenn  60  N.  N'lain  St. 

Savannah,  Ga  .... 

37  Bull  St 

Charlotte.  N.  C. 

.  .  22  S.  Tryon  St. 

Mobile.  Ala  51  S.  Royal  St. 

Sheffield  .Ala  

Sheffield  Hotel 

Chattanooga.  Tenn.  .  .  .817  Market  St. 
Columbia,  S.  C  Arcade  Building 
Jacksonville.  Fla  .  .         .  .38  W.  Bay  St. 

Montgomery,  Ala  Exchange  Hotel 
Nashville.  Tenn.  .Independent  Life  Bldg 
New  Orleans.  La  St.  Charles  Hotel 

Tampa,  Fla  
Vicksburg,  Miss.  . 
Winston-Salem,  N 

...  .Hillsboro  Hotel 
1319  Washington  St. 
.  C.  236  N.  Main  St. 

For  detailed  information  regarding  National  Parks  and  Monuments  address  Bureau  of  Service. 
National  Parks  and  Monuments:  or  Travel  Bureau — Western  Lines;  646  Transportation  Bldg., 
Chicago.  Page  thirty-one 


Season  1919 


RAND  MCNALLV  A.  Co. 
CHICAOQ 


Copyright  by  A .  Schlechten 


The  lower  falls  of  the  Ycllowston-. 
Height  308  feet — In  its  superb  setting  it  m  a  rnatvel  of  beauty 


YOSEMITE 


National   Par 


MIA. 


UNITED  STATES  RAILROAD  ADMINISTRATION 


N  AT  I  O   N  A   L 


IHIIIIIII8llfflliailillBft{>l8^« 


Glacier  Point.  Yosemite  Valley.      The  Half  Dome  in  background 


An  Appreciation  of 

Yosemite  National  Park 

By  HARRIET  MONROE,  Editor  of  "Poetry,  a  Magazine  of  Verse" 

Wriilrn  Especially  for  the  United  Stales  Railroad  Admiiiisiniiinii 

WICE  and  each  time  through  an  entire  July  -I  have 
tramped  with  the  California  Sierra  Club  through  the 
grandest  areas  of  the  Yosemite  National  Park.  I  have 
camped  in  the  Valley,  in  Tuolumne  Meadows,  and  in  the 
lost  Hetch-Hetchy — sleeping  to  the  sound  of  rushing  waters 
with  mountains  towering  around  me.  I  have  crossed  Vogelsang  Pass 
when  the  mountain  hemlocks  were  just  slipping  off  their  wet  mantles  of 
snow;  I  have  descended  the  formidable  Tuolumne  Canyon  past  the  third 
fall ;  and  under  Mount  Dana  I  have  looked  down  over  the  red  rocks  of 
Bloody  Canyon  to  Lake  Mono,  lying  incredibly  blue  among  the  pink 
and  lilac  craters  of  dead  volcanoes. 

My  memories  of  this  prismatically  shattered  earth  are  sharp  in  details 
of  beauty,  but  all  of  them  rise  against  white  granite  and  falling  waters. 
Never  anywhere  else  can  there  be  mountains  so  silver-white — El  Capitan 
shouldering  the  sky,  Cloud's  Rest  and  the  two  great  Domes  giving  back 
the  sun,  and  Ritter,  Lyell  and  Dana,  fierce  and  jagged,  guarding  their 
inscrutable  heights.  And  through  the  crevices  of  this  gleaming  granite 
run  everywhere  crystal  streams — streams  mad  with  joy  that  foam  as 
they  fly,  and  shout  as  they  take  enormous  leaps  over  stark  precipices. 
All  kinds  of  falling  waters — the  delicate  cascades  of  Illilouette;  the 
wind-blown  tulle  of  Bridal  Veil;  Nevada,  lacy,  white-fingered,  taking 
her  600-foot  leap  like  a  step  in  a  dance;  Vernal,  broad-shouldered, 
strong-bodied,  massive,  as  he  jumps  like  an  athlete;  and,  most  wonder- 
ful of  all,  Yosemite,  that  Upper  Yosemite  Fall  whose  leap  is  1 ,500  feet— 
a  tall  white  living  figure  against  the  formidable  cliff,  a  figure  moving 
and  breathing,  tossing  the  spray  from  his  eyes,  shining  tall  and  straight 
there  like  a  young  Greek  god. 

Everywhere  waters  falling  over  and  under  and  into  white  granite, 
falling  in  ribbons  and  rivers  and  cataracts,  ringing  golden  bells,  booming 
great  guns,  spraying  the  little  flowers  and  the  giant  sequoias  as  they 
pass.  Everywhere  splendor — a  world  gorgeous,  exultant,  full  of  color 
and  motion,  existing  for  itself,  for  its  own  joy,  and  taking  man  on  suffer- 
ance, as  it  were,  if  he  will  accept  its  terms  and  be  free  of  soul. 


Page     three 


I 


I 


To  the  American  People: 

Uncle  Sam  asks  you  to  be  his  guest.  He  has  prepared  for  you  the 
choice  places  of  this  continent — places  of  grandeur,  beauty  and  of 
wonder.  He  has  built  roads  through  the  deep-cut  canyons  and  beside 
happy  streams,  which  will  carry  you  into  these  places  in  comfort,  and 
has  provided  lodgings  and  food  in  the  most  distant  and  inaccessible 
places  that  you  might  enjoy  yourself  and  realize  as  little  as  possible 
the  rigors  of  the  pioneer  traveler's  life.  These  are  for  you.  They  are 
the  playgrounds  of  the  people.  To  see  them  is  to  make  more  hearty 
your  affection  and  admiration  for  America. 


Secretary  of  the  Interior 


Yosemite  National  Park 


N  the  rock-ribbed  heights  of 
the  Sierra  Nevada  in  Cali- 
fornia lies  the  Yosemite 
National  Park,  4,000 
to  9,000  feet  above  sea  level 
and  covering  an  area  of  719,622  acres. 
It  embraces  so  much  in  Nature  that  is 
majestic  and  sublime,  one  feels  that  in 
the  "great  order  of  things"  this  realm 
of  enchantment  was  created  solely  for 
the  purpose  to  which  it  is  today  de- 
voted—  the  recreation  and  enjoyment  of 
mankind. 

Among  our  National  Parks,  Yosemite 
is  especially  favored  in  having,  close  to 
its  two  entrances,  features  that  are 
singularly  attractive.  One  is  the  Yos- 
emite Valley,  just  within  the  Parks' 
southwestern  boundary;  the  other,  the 
Mariposa  Big  Tree  Grove,  directly  with- 
in the  southern  boundary  of  the  Park. 
In  either  case  Yosemite  greets  the  visi- 
tor with  a  lavish  display  of  its  natural 
gifts. 

Yosemite  Valley  is  only  a  mile  wide 
by  seven  miles  long,  its  portal  a  scant 
half-mile  wide,  but  never  was  the  vesti- 
bule to  a  palace  decked  in  fashion  more 
alluring.  The  revelation  of  its  beauties 
comes  so  suddenly,  so  many  unexpected 
sights  are  disclosed  in  so  limited  an  en- 
closure, that  visitors  are  amazed  and 
well  may  wonder  if  anything  more  en- 
trancing can  lie  beyond.  And  so  with 
the  Mariposa  Grove.  From  forests  of 


stately  pines  one  suddenly  enters  amoni 
trees  of  an  immensity  bewildering 
trees  that  in  height,  girth  and  diameter 
exceed  anything  hitherto  dreamed  of. 

And  should  the  visitor  go  no  farthe 
than  either  of  these  entrances  to  tl 
Park,  he  will  be  repaid  a  hundred-fol< 
but  beyond  the  narrow  cliff-rimme< 
confines  of  this  valley  of  witchery,  am 
through  the  openings  of  this  magic 
grove,  there  stretches  an  immense  regioi 
that  includes,  in  John  Muir's  words: 

"The    headwaters    of    the    Tuolumm 
and    Merced    rivers,    two    of    the    m< 
songful  streams  in  the  world;  innumei 
able   lakes   and    waterfalls   and   smootl 
silky    lawns;    the    noblest    forests,     th< 
loftiest  granite  domes,   the  deepest  ic< 
sculptured  canyons,   the  brightest  cry* 
talline    pavements,    and    snowy    moui 
tains   soaring   into   the   sky   twelve   an< 
thirteen  thousand  feet,  arrayed  in  oj 
ranks  and  spiry   pinnacled   groups  pai 
tially  separated  by  tremendous  canyoi 
and    amphitheaters;    gardens    on    theii 
sunny     brows,     avalanches     thundering 
down  their  long  white  slopes,  cataracl 
roaring  gray  and  foaming  in  the  crooked, 
rugged     gorges,   and     glaciers,    in     theii 
shadowy    recesses,   working    in    silence 
slowly  completing  their  sculptures;  new- 
born lakes  at  their  feet,  blue  and  greei 
free   or    encumbered    with    drifting   ice 
bergs    like    miniature    Arctic    Oceans 
shining,  sparkling,  calm  as  stars." 


Page     four 


The  Yosemite  Valley 

The  Yosemite  Valley  was  discovered 
to  the  world  in  1851  by  Captain  John 
Doling,  while  pursuing  hostile  Indians 
with  a  detachment  of  mounted  volun- 
teers. 

The  Indians  called  it  the  Heart  of 
the  Sky  Mountain,  or  Ahwanee,  "the 
deep  grass  valley."  Later  the  name 
Yo  Semite  was  given  to  the  valley,  its 
meaning  being  the  "great  grizzly  bear," 
and  subsequently,  when  the  National 
Park  was  established,  this  famous  name 
was  retained. 

In  spectacular  waterfalls  and  sheer 
cliffs  Yosemite  Valley  is  supreme.  No- 
where else  have  high  mountain  streams 
found  such  varied  and  beautiful  courses 
to  fling  their  waters  over  such  lofty 
cliffs  and  unite  in  a  valley  river.  In 
spring,  from  beneath  the  great  snow- 
mantle  of  the  High  Sierra,  pour  the  ice 
waters  into  the  cups  of  the  Yosemite; 
and  all  summer,  though  in  lessening 
volume,  these  great  reservoirs — moun- 
tain lakes  of  crystal — continue  to  feed 
the  streams  of  the  Park. 

All  of  the  towering  rock-masses  of 
Yosemite  are  remarkable.  There  are 
peaks  grouped  strangely  and  peaks  no 
less  strangely  isolated.  There  are  needle- 
pointed  pinnacles  and  smooth  domes 
whose  tops  are  perfect  hemispheres. 


Wild  Flowers,  Shrubs  and  Ferns 

The  floor  of  the  valley  is  level  meadow- 
land,  its  grass  shining  like  green  satin, 
and  through  it  winds  the  Merced  River. 
Over  the  stream  bend  alder,  willow, 
flowering  dogwood,  balm-of-Gilead,  and 
other  water-loving  trees,  and  inter- 
spersed with  the  emerald  verdure  of  the 
glades  are  groves  of  pine  and  groups  of 
stately  black  oak.  Many  and  bright 
are  the  wild  flowers  of  Yosemite,  and 
with  the  shrubs  will  be  counted  the  red- 
branched  manzanita,  the  chinquapin, 
the  beautiful  California  lilac,  violets, 
wild  roses,  the  mariposa  lily,  goldcup 
oak,  the  brilliant  snow  plant  and  their 
kind.  In  cool  recesses  of  the  forest,  by 
river  banks  and  in  rock-seams,  grow 
numerous  beautiful  species  of  ferns. 

Thus  near  the  river  it  is  pastoral  and 
peaceful;  and  yet  only  a  few  rods  away, 
at  the  foot  of  a  tumultuous  cataract, 
you  may  hear  the  noise  of  rushing  waters 
hurled  from  the  brink  of  precipitous 
cliffs. 

The  First  Sight  of  Yosemite 
Its  Striking  Features 

The  first  view  of  Yosemite  Valley,  a 
great  gash  in  the  heart  of  the  mountains, 
is  a  sight  to  inspire  reverence.  From 
the  deep  shadows  of  the  pines,  a  silence- 
compelling  vista  bursts  upon  the  eye. 


Page     five 


Page     six 


The  Three  Brothers 


Mighty  rock  sentinels  guard  the  en- 
trance and  beyond  them  towering  cliffs 
and  verdant  valley  swim  in  a  glorious 
light 

On  the  south  wall  shimmers  the  Bridal 
Veil  Falls.  The  water  slips  over  the 
great  granite  wall,  white  and  ethereal. 
It  seems  to  drop  its  tenuous  mist  into 
the  very  tree  tops.  The  highest  Euro- 
pean fall  is  that  of  the  Staubbach  in 
Switzerland,  but  even  Bridal  Veil — not 
half  the  height  of  Yosemite  Falls — is 
higher,  leaps  out  of  a  smoother  channel, 
has  greater  volume  of  water  and  is  seen 
in  the  midst  of  loftier  precipices.  The 
stream  is  full  thirty  feet  wide,  and  falls 
first  a  distance  of  620  feet,  then  pauses 
an  instant  and  drops  a  perpendicular 
distance  of  320  feet.  But  from  the  chief 
points  of  view  it  seems  to  make  only 
one  plunge  and  the  effect  is  that  of  an 
unbroken  descent  of  over  nine  hundred 
feet.  Often  the  wind  swings  the  great 
column  of  water  from  the  face  of  the 
cliff  and  waves  it  like  a  scarf  or  veil. 
At  sunset,  rainbows  with  an  indescrib- 
able radiance  bejewel  its  foam. 

Around  the  shoulder  behind  which 
Bridal  Veil  Creek  makes  its  way  to  the 
brink,  tower  the  Cathedral  Rocks.  They 
get  their  name  from  a  resemblance  to 
the  Duomo  at  Florence,  and  rise  2,591 
feet  above  the  valley  floor.  Just  be- 


yond them  are  seen  the  Cathedral  Spires, 
one  solitary  shaft  of  granite  uplifting 
for  more  than  seven  hundred  feet. 


Across  the  narrow  valley,  and  nearly 
opposite,  is  El  Capitan — a  rock  more 
than  twice  as  great  as  Gibraltar.  It 
rises  3,604  feet,  with  an  apparently  ver- 
tical front.  Thrust  out  like  a  buttress, 
it  presents  to  the  vision  an  area  of  more 
than  four  hundred  acres  of  naked  gran- 
ite. Sublime  and  steadfast  it  stands,  a 
veritable  "Rock  of  Ages."  The  bulk  of 
El  Capitan  is  so  stupendous  that  it 
can  be  seen  from  a  vantage  ground 
sixty  miles  distant. 

Eagle  Peak,  in  the  Three  Brothers 
group,  lies  a  little  beyond  El  Capitan. 
Its  height  is  3,813  feet.  Sentinel  Rock 
faces  the  Three  Brothers  from  the  south 
wall,  a  splintered  granite  spire,  very 
slender,  and  nearly  perpendicular  for 
about  1,500  feet  below  its  apex,  its  total 
height  being  3,059  feet.  Back  of  this 
natural  and  majestic  monument  stands 
Sentinel  Dome,  its  storm-worn  top  4,157 
feet  above  the  valley. 

Almost  at  the  base  of  Sentinel  Rock 
is  Yosemite  Village,  the  tourist  center  of 
the  Valley,  where  the  Sentinel  Hotel, 
the  post-office,  a  few  shops  and  studios 
are  grouped,  directly  opposite  Yosemite 
Falls.  Across  the  river  to  the  west  is 
Yosemite  Camp.  Camp  Curry  is  a  mile 


Page     seven 


In  the  Mariposa  Grove  of  Giant  Sequoia* 


Page     eight 


Several  good  motor  roads  lead  into  the  Valley 


east  of  the  village,  on  the  road  to  the 
Happy  Isles  and  at  the  base  of  Glacier 
Point.  Details  of  resorts  and  accom- 
modations in  the  Park  will  be  found  on 
later  pages. 

The  greatest  cataract  in  all  the  Sierra 
is  Yosemite  Falls.  This  vast  volume  of 
foaming  water  plunges  2,350  feet — 
nearly  half  a  mile.  In  reality  it  is  not 
one  fall,  but  three.  The  first  is  1,430 
feet  straight  down.  Then  comes  a 
series  of  cascades  600  feet,  and  a  final 
leap  of  320  feet.  The  stream  is  about 
thirty-five  feet  wide  and  when  its  waters 
are  at  flood  the  reverberations  can  be 
heard  all  over  the  valley.  This  wide- 
flung  fall  of  wind-tossed  water  is  Yose- 
mite's  sublimest  feature. 

Across  the  valley  the  massive  shoulder 
of  Glacier  Point  is  thrust  out  from  the 
south  wall,  and,  almost  opposite,  on  the 
north,  stands  Yosemite  Point,  flanked 
on  the  east  by  Indian  Canyon,  once  used 
by  the  Indians  as  exit  or  entrance  for 
Yosemite. 

The  Royal  Arches  are  near  the  head 
of  the  valley,  in  the  vast  vertical  wall 
whose  summit  is  North  Dome.  The 
arches  are  recessed  curves  in  the  granite 
front,  very  impressive  because  of  their 
size,  and  made  by  ice-action.  Much  of 
the  rock  is  formed  in  layers  like  the 
structure  of  an  onion,  the  arches  being 
the  broken  edges  of  these  layers.  Wash- 


ington Column  is  the  angle  of  the  cliff  at 
this  point — a  tower  completing  the  mas- 
sive wall  at  the  very  head  of  Yosemite. 

Over  against  it,  but  looking  down  the 
valley,  stands  the  highest  rock  of  all  the 
region — the  great  South  Dome,  or  Half 
Dome,  as  it  is  most  often  called.  It  is 
8,852  feet  above  sea  level,  or  4,892  feet 
above  the  floor.  Its  massive  front  is 
fractured  vertically  for  about  two  thou- 
sand feet,  and  the  face  turned  outward  is 
polished  by  wind  and  storm — a  moun- 
tain apparently  cleft  in  the  center  as  by 
some  mighty  giant's  scimitar.  The  side 
of  the  Half  Dome  toward  the  southwest 
has  the  curve  of  a  great  helmet,  so 
smooth  and  precipitous  as  almost  to 
defy  the  climber.  On  its  overhanging 
rock,  however,  the  most  venturesome 
have  stood.  From  hotels  and  camps, 
Half  Dome  is  often  seen  raising  its  head 
above  the  clouds. 

To  the  northeast  from  here  opens 
Tenaya  Canyon.  Mirror  Lake,  an  ex- 
pansion of  Tenaya  Creek  and  lying  be- 
tween the  North  and  Half  Dome,  is  at 
the  entrance.  When  the  sun  creeps 
over  the  great  flank  of  the  Half  Dome, 
the  whole  landscape  is  wonderfully  re- 
produced in  this  miraculous  mirror,  the 
reflection  of  the  sunrise  being  an  unusual 
feature.  But  sunrise  over  these  colossal 
cliffs  is  much  later  than  the  sunrise  at 
lower  levels. 


Page     nine 


Viev  from  Panorama  Point  along  the  Trail  to  Glacier  Point.  Showing  the  Half  Dome.  Liberty  Cap. 

Vernal  Falls  and  Clouds'  Rest 


P a  £ e      ten 


The  Fallen  Monarch  in  the  Mariposa  Grove  of  Big  Trees 


The   Mariposa    Big   Tree   Grove 

Just  within  the  southern  boundary  of 
the  Park,  and  reached  from  the  Sentinel 
Hotel  and  camps  in  the  valley  by  a  de- 
lightful thirty-five  mile  auto  drive 
through  timbered  slopes  and  canyons, 
and  also  direct  from  Merced  by  auto  over 
the  Wawona  Road,  lies  the  Mariposa 
Big  Tree  Grove.  Here  stand  over  six 
hundred  fine  specimens  of  the  Sequoia 
Washmgtoniana,  the  famous  Big  Trees 
which  today  grow  only  in  the  Sierra  of 
California.  These  are  the  oldest  living 
things.  On  some  matured  specimens, 
fallen  or  partly  burned — thus  exposing 
their  annual  wood  rings — John  Muir 
counted  upward  of  4,000  years  of 
growth.  The  Mariposa  Grove  is  the 
greatest  grove  of  these  giant  trees  out- 
side of  the  Sequoia  National  Park,  and 
contains  the  third  largest  tree  in  the 
world,  and  also  the  world's  tallest  tree. 
This  is  the  Mark  Twain,  331  feet  in 
height — with  near-by  neighbors  not  many 
feet  lower.  Its  largest  tree  is  the  Griz- 
zly Giant,  93  feet  in  girth  at  its  base, 
29.6  feet  in  diameter,  and  204  feet  in 
height.  The  first  branch,  125  feet  from 
the  ground,  is  six  feet  in  diameter — -a 
tree  itself.  Twenty-two  people  can 
barely  encompass  its  girth,  touching 
finger  tips.  Eighteen  horses,  head  to 
tail,  just  circle  its  base.  This  sequoia 


was  considered  by  John  Muir  a  mature 
tree,  probably  verging  on  old  age;  and 
there  it  stands  today  surrounded  by  its 
fellows  of  varying  ages,  many  as  old  as 
itself — trees  that  were  in  their  prime 
before  the  dawn  of  Christianity,  and  are 
still  ripening  their  cones  and  regularly 
shedding  their  tiny  seeds  year  after  year. 
The  Lafayette  and  Washington  trees 
are  only  three  or  four  inches  less  in 
diameter  than  the  Grizzly  Giant;  the 
Columbia  tree  is  294  feet  in  height,  the 
Nevada  is  278,  while  the  Forest  Queen- 
the  shortest  of  27  other  notable  named 
trees — is  219  feet  in  height,  17  feet  in 
diameter,  and  53  feet  in  girth,  at  base. 
The  Wawona,  which  is  227  feet  in  height, 
has  for  years  had  an  archway  in  its 
trunk,  through  which  the  auto  road 
passes;  its  vitality  is  unimpaired  in  spite 
of  this  26-foot  passage  cut  into  its  heart. 
The  Fallen  Giant,  which  has  been  lying 
in  the  grove  for  centuries,  its  firm  wood 
still  sound,  forms  a  roadway  upon  which 
a  six-horse  coach,  loaded  with  passengers, 
has  many  times  been  driven.  These 
facts  may  give  some  idea  of  the  immen- 
sity of  these  trees.  Their  true  appreci- 
ation is  difficult;  but  if  the  Grizzly  Giant 
was  sawed  into  inch  boards,  the  tree 
would  box  the  greatest  steamship  ever 
built,  with  enough  boards  left  over  to 
box  a  flock  of  submarines.  The  beauty 


Page     eleven 


Good  trails  and  pleasant  horseback  parties  add  to  Yosemite's  delight 


and  symmetry  of  these  giant  conifers  is  no 
less  striking  than  their  size;  their  bark 
is  soft  and  fibrous,  and  deeply  fluted, 
its  bright  cinnamon  and  purple  giving 
a  rich  coloring  to  their  stately  columns. 
Just  beyond  the  southwest  corner  of 
the  Park,  six  miles  from  the  Mariposa 
Grove,  is  the  comfortable  Hotel  Wawona, 
providing  good  service.  The  auto  trip 
from  the  Valley  to  the  Mariposa  Grove 
and  return  takes  a  full  day.  Within  the 
park  boundaries  are  also  two  smaller 
sequoia  groves,  the  Merced  Grove,  six 
miles  north,  and  the  Tuolumne  Grove, 
fifteen  miles  north  from  El  Portal,  by 
auto  road. 

The  Trails  to  Glacier  Point  and  Other 
Vantage  Points 

From  the  Sentinel  Hotel  the  road  leads  to 
Happy  Isles,  where  the  Merced  races  in  joyous 
frolic.  From  here  starts  the  "long  trail"  -twelve 
miles  to  Glacier  Point.  It  winds  along  the 
bottom  of  a  wild  canyon  hemmed  in  by  titanic 
walls.  Panorama  Point,  4,000  feet  above  the 
river  on  the  south  side,  is  almost  perpendicular, 
and  the  highest  continuous  wall  of  Yosemite. 
Its  face  is  traced  by  miniature  streams  of  trick- 
ling water  and  painted  by  purple  lichen,  and  per- 
haps nowhere  else  do  you  feel  so  deeply  the 
geological  impressiveness  of  the  region.  From 
a  bridge  over  the  river,  half  a  mile  farther,  you 
catch  a  glimpse  of  Vernal  Falls,  gloriously  re- 
splendent in  the  dark  canyon.  The  river  is 
nearly  eighty  feet  wide  and  falls  317  feet  from 
granite  ledge  to  fern-hung  glen.  The  sparkling 
waters  drop  like  an  endless  stream  of  shooting 
stars.  The  spray  is  driven  outward  like  smoke. 


and  every  sprig  of  plant  and  grass,  moss  ar 
fern,  is  kept  vividly  green  by  this  incessant  baj 
tism.  The  trail  leads  to  the  top  of  the  Fall. 

A    little    beyond — within    a    mile — is    Nevada 
Falls,  where    the    same    stream    plunges  over 
precipice  594  feet  high,  the  great  snowy  torrent 
glancing  from  sloping  rock  about  midway  in 
compound  curve,  over  cliffs  of  polished  granil 
Under  the  bald  dome  of  lofty  Liberty  Cap,  wil 
Mount  Broderick  at  its  back  and  the  Half  Doi 
near  by,  Nevada  Falls  plunges  into  its  abyss,  tl 
whole  volume  of  the  crystal   Merced  shattei 
into  a  shower  of  shining   jewels,  while   below- 
where   the   river   gathers  its   forces — banners 
rainbow-tinted   spray   fly  wide   upon    the   wind. 

The  horse  trail  leads  up  the  timbered  side 
of  the  gorge  to  the  top  of  Vernal  Falls,  wher 
is  a  natural   parapet  of  granite  from  which 
watch    the   river    railing   in    a    green    and    azure 
mantle    over    the    square-cut    edge.     The    trail 
thence  mounts  to  the  top  of  Nevada  Falls  wh< 
another  guarded  vantage  point,  directly  on  tl 
brink,  shows  the  swiftly  gliding  stream  curvii 
and    breaking   in    foam    in    its   descent.      Whei 
else  can   two  such   waterfalls  be  so  closely  fol- 
lowed   from   river-bed    to   rim,  with    their   spraj 
moistening   the   air   around   you?     A   few   yar< 
beyond   the  edge  of  Nevada   Falls,   the  river  is 
crossed   by  a  low  bridge,   built  on   granite  out- 
croppings.      From  here  the  trail  turns  west  along 
the  southern   side  of   the  canyon,   passing  over 
the  ridge  of  Panorama  Point,  and  beneath  stately 
pines  enters  the  picture-gorge  of  Illilouette  Creek, 
its  falls  splashing  370  feet  in  festoons  of  silver 
spray.      Descending     to     the     stream,     another 
bridge    is    crossed    and    the    trail    turns   sharply 
north,     zig-zagging    up     the     heavily     timbered 
southern   side   of   Glacier   Point   to   its  summit. 
The  marvelous  view  at  every  turn  grows  wid< 
in    its   scope.     The   new   and   attractive   Glaci< 
Point  Hotel  stands  in  a  grove  of  pine  that  covei 
the    mountain    top. 


Page     twelve 


Liberty  Cap  and  Nevada  Falls 


The  View  from  Glacier  Point 

Glacier  Point  is  the  most  accessible  and  per- 
haps the  greatest  vantage  point  in  Yosemite. 
Within  a  hundred  yards  of  the  hotel  are  the 
projecting  rocks  which  mark  the  Point.  It  is 
3,234  feet  from  their  tops  to  the  valley  floor.  A 
pebble  dropped  will  touch  nothing  until  it  strikes 
the  talus,  3,000  feet  below.  The  largest  buildings 
are  dwarfed  to  cottages,  camps  are  white  specks, 
lofty  pines  are  mere  shrubs,  men  and  horses  seem 
dots  on  the  valley  floor.  The  view  is  sublime. 
Sharp  brinks  and  precipices  plunge  into  the  val- 
ley on  one  side;  into  the  gorge  of  the  Illilouette 
on  the  other.  Looking  down  the  valley  to  the 
left,  Eagle  Peak  juts  above  the  rim,  and  Yose- 
mite Falls  gleams  in  full  light;  opposite  are  the 
Royal  Arches  and  the  North  Dome,  and  beyond 
them  the  Basket  Dome;  Mirror  Lake  is  a  splash 
of  brightness  at  the  entrance  to  the  Tenaya  Can- 
yon, which  can  be  traced  to  the  northeast 
through  its  steep  walls.  The  great  face  of  the 
Half  Dome,  with  the  curve  of  its  splendid  helmet 
in  unbroken  view,  towers  above;  beyond,  against 
the  sky,  rises  the  bare  granite  of  Cloud's  Rest. 
To  the  right  is  seen  majestic  Liberty  Cap,  while 
in  the  distance  rears  the  white  peak  of  the 
Obelisk,  with  the  snowy  range  of  Mounts  Starr 
King,  Lyell,  Clark  and  Dana,  13,000  feet  above 
the  sea,  seeming  to  swim  in  the  azure.  Below 
you,  Vernal  and  Nevada  Falls  sparkle  in  their 
gorge  of  green. 

The  view  beyond  the  valley  to  the  north 
embraces  snow-capped  Hoffman  Peak,  Tuolumne 
Peak  and  Colby  Mountain  and  reaches  beyond 
the  Grand  Canyon  of  the  Tuolumne  and  the 
Hetch-Hetchy  Valley — a  remarkable  region  of  the 
Park  recently  opened  by  roads  and  trails,  and 
later  described. 

Sentinel  Dome,  a  mile  and  a  half  south,  rises 
over  Glacier  Point  a  thousand  feet,  and  can  be 
climbed  without  difficulty.  From  its  summit 


the  San  Joaquin  Valley  and  the  Coast  Range, 
nearly  a  hundred  miles  distant,  are  distinctly 
seen.  The  Pohono  trail  from  Glacier  Point  leads 
to  The  Fissures,  on  the  rim,  clefts  in  the  rock 
that  reach  down  hundreds  of  feet,  one  being  only 
four  feet  across. 

From  Glacier  Point  return  can  be  made  by 
the  short  trail,  four  and  a  half  miles  to  the  valley 
floor.  It  is  a  steep  and  continuous  zig-zag.  At 
Union  Point,  2,350  feet  above  the  valley,  stop 
is  made  for  a  rest.  Just  below  stands  Agassiz 
Column,  like  a  balanced  rock,  a  shaft  of  granite 
eighty-five  feet  in  height.  Its  corroded  base 
seems  too  frail  to  support  its  great  bulk. 

In  addition  to  the  two  trails  described.  Glacier 
Point  is  reached  by  auto-stages  over  the  Wawona 
Road  to  Chinquapin,  there  turning  east  and  run- 
ning fourteen  miles  to  the  Glacier  Point  Hotel. 

There  is  also  a  newly  constructed  foot  trail 
leading  from  the  valley  at  the  base  of  Glacier 
Point,  on  a  natural  ledge  diagonally  across  the 
face  of  the  cliff  to  the  top.  While  this  trail  is 
steep,  it  is  well  built  and  safe  and  is  less  than 
two  miles  in  length. 

Trail  Trips  to  Top  of  Yosemite  Falls, 
Eagle   Peak   and    El   Capitan 

Among  other  horse  and  foot  trails  from  the 
valley  are  those  to  the  rim  at  Yosemite  Point, 
above  Yosemite  Falls.  One  can  climb  500  feet 
below  to  the  very  lip  of  the  falls  and  look  down 
into  the  peaceful  valley  across  the  plunging 
waters  that  shatter  the  air  with  their  roar.  Far- 
ther along,  the  trail  reaches  Eagle  Peak.  3,81  3  feet 
above  the  floor,  where  a  splendid  view  is  had; 
and  the  trip  can  be  continued  to  the  crest  of 
El  Capitan. 

Artist's  Point  and  Inspiration  Point — along 
the  Wawona  auto  road  to  the  Mariposa  Big 
Tree  Grove — are  among  the  outlooks  affording 
vistas  that  are  never  forgotten. 


Page      thirteen 


, 


^•^ 


Nevada  Fall* 


fourteen 


m 


Polly  Dome  on  the  Tioga  Road — Its  polished  sides  glint  in  the  sun 


The  Tioga  Road  and  Tenaya  Lake  Region 

The  completion  of  the  Tioga  Road  crossing 
the  Park  from  east  to  west,  and  connecting 
with  roads  from  Yosemite  Valley,  offers  to  Park 
visitors  a  new  auto  drive  through  a  mountain- 
top  paradise.  Crossing  the  South  Fork  of  the 
Tuolumne  close  to  the  western  border,  the 
Tioga  Road  runs  east  near  the  Tuolumne  Grove  of 
Big  Trees,  and  continues  toward  Harden  Lake, 
whence  it  turns  south  and  skirts  Mount 
Hoffman,  10,921  feet,  passing  along  the  shore  of 
Tenaya  Lake  and  winding  upward  amidst  moun- 
tain heights  of  striking  formation.  At  Tenaya 
Lake  Lodge  there  is  good  accommodation  and 
service.  Tuolumne  Peak  rises  to  the  north, 
Cathedral  Peak  to  the  south,  and  beyond, 
through  a  wilderness  of  timbered  granite  slopes, 
the  road  mounts  to  the  Sierra's  rim  at  Tioga 
Pass,  9,941  feet,  with  Dana  Mountain,  13,050 
feet  above  sea  level,  towering  3,000  feet  higher 
than  the  road.  The  view  to  the  east  looks 
down  the  precipitous  wall  of  the  Sierra  into 
Owens  Valley,  lying  like  an  emerald  5,741  feet 
below,  while  northward  gleams  Mono  Lake  in 
turquoise  blue. 

Grand    Canyon    of    the    Tuolumne 

Directly  north  of  the  Tioga  Road  and  fifteen 
miles  from  the  rim  of  Yosemite  Valley,  lies  the 
Grand  Canyon  of  the  Tuolumne,  another  of 
Yosemite's  marvels.  This  great  spectacle,  with 
the  Hetch-Hetchy  Valley  joining  it  on  the  west, 
and  the  miles  of  lake-dotted,  stream-woven 
slopes  of  the  gorged  Sierra  still  farther  north, 
are  now  open  to  the  tourist  by  the  improvement 
of  horse  trails  connecting  with  those  leading 
from  the  valley  by  way  of  Tenaya  Lake,  through 
Soda  Springs  and  other  points  on  the  Tioga 
Road.  It  is  a  section  hitherto  little  known 
and  seldom  explored  by  any  but  the  con- 
firmed mountain-lovers  of  the  Pacific  Coast, 


the  Sierra  Club  having  camped  throughout  this 
wide  domain  during  fifteen  years  of  summer  out- 
ings. Another  trail  leaves  the  Tioga  Road  at 
the  Yosemite  Creek  bridge  and  covers  eight 
remarkable  scenic  miles  to  the  Ten  Lakes  Basin, 
on  the  south  rim  of  the  Tuolumne  Canyon. 

This  region,  and  that  leading  to  the  crest  of 
the  range  along  the  eastern  boundaries  of  the 
Park,  is  the  realm  of  the  camper  in  the  forest, 
whose  outing  may  last  two  weeks  or  a  month 
or  more.  Saddle  horses  and  pack  animals  follow 
winding  trails  by  icy  streams  that  have  their 
birth  in  everlasting  snows  and  flow  westward 
through  a  sea  of  peaks,  resting  by  the  way  in 
snow-bordered  lakes,  romping  through  luxuriant 
glades,  rushing  over  rocky  heights  and  swinging 
in  and  out  of  the  shadows  of  mighty  mountains. 
It  is  a  summerland  of  sunshine  where  it  seldom 
rains. 

"It  is  the  heart  of  High  Sierra,"  writes  John 
Muir,  "8,500  to  9,000  feet  above  the  level  of 
the  sea.  The  gray,  picturesque  Cathedral  Range 
bounds  it  on  the  south;  a  similar  range  or  spur, 
the  highest  peak  of  which  is  Mount  Conness.  on 
the  north;  the  noble  Mount  Dana.  Gibbs,  Mam- 
moth, Lyell,  McClure,  and  others  on  the  axis  of 
the  range,  on  the  east;  a  heaving,  billowy  crowd 
of  glacier-polished  rocks  and  Mount  Hoffman  on 
the  west.  Down  through  the  open,  sunny 
meadow  levels  of  the  valley  flows  the  Tuolumne 
River,  fresh  and  cool  from  its  many  glacial  foun- 
tains, the  highest  of  which  are  the  glaciers  that 
lie  on  the  north  sides  of  Mount  Lyell  and  Mount 
McClure." 

Of  the  Grand  Canyon  of  the  Tuolumne,  Muir 
wrote:  "It  is  the  cascades  or  sloping  falls  on  the 
main  river  that  are  the  crowning  glory  of  the 
canyon,  and  these,  in  volume,  extent,  and  var- 
iety, surpass  those  of  any  other  canyon  in  the 
Sierra.  The  most  showy  and  interesting  of  them 
are  mostly  in  the  upper  part  of  the  canyon  above 


P  a  He     fifteen 


Yosemite  Valley  from  Inspiration  Point.      Bridal  Veil  Falls  on  right. 


Page     sixteen 


the  Tioga  Road.  Mirror  Lake,  showing  reflection  of  the  Half  Dome. 


Page     seventeen 


/    Price  Peak 

/  10916  ft.    ^ 


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1    /Tioga  Pass 

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Lake 


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fivlt.  Hoffmann 


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BIG  TREES 

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TEN\YA  LAKE 
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'Triple  Divide  Peak 

11613  ft. 


Sing  Peak 

10544  It. 


WAWONA  HOTEL 

Devil  Peak-^1 

7079  It. 


Chiquito  Pass 
8039  ft. 


•MARIPOSA  GROVE 
OF  BIG  TREES 


3-J 

70  MERCED 


70  FRESNO 


YOSEM1TE 
NATIONAL  PARK 

CALIFORNIA 

Scale 


2       1       0 


Boundary 
Automobile  Roads 
Trails 
Railroads 


CVpyrbM  '>r  TUn.1  McN»Hy  4  Co.  7?9o 


Page     eighteen 


Tioga  Lake  in  Glacier  Canyon,  on  the  Tioga  Road 


the  point  of  entrance  of  Cathedral  Creek  and 
Hoffman  Creek.  For  miles  the  river  is  one 
wild,  exulting,  on-rushing  mass  of  snowy  purple 
bloom,  spreading  over  glacial  waves  of  granite 
without  any  definite  channel,  gliding  in  mag- 
nificent silver  plumes,  dashing  and  foaming 
through  huge  bowlder  dams,  leaping  high  in  the 
air  in  wheel-like  whirls,  displaying  glorious  en- 
thusiasm, tossing  from  side  to  side,  doubling, 
glinting,  singing  in  exuberance  of  mountain 
energy." 

The  Waterwheel  Falls 

Muir's  "wheel-like  whirls"  are  the  soon-to-be- 
celebrated  Waterwheel  Falls.  Rushing  down 
the  canyon's  slanting  granites  under  great  head- 
way, the  river  encounters  shelves  of  rock  pro- 
jecting from  its  bottom.  From  these  are  thrown 
up  enormous  arcs  of  solid  water  high  in  the  air. 
Some  of  the  waterwheels  rise  fifty  feet  and  span 
eighty  feet  in  the  air. 

The  sight  is  extraordinary  in  character  and 
quite  unequaled  in  beauty.  Nevertheless,  be- 
fore the  trail  was  built,  so  difficult  was  the  going 
that  probably  only  a  few  hundred  persons  all 
told  had  ever  seen  the  waterwheels. 

The    Mountain    Climax    of    Yosemite    Park 

The  mountain  mass,  of  which  Mount  Lyell 
is  the  chief,  lies  on  the  southeast  boundary  of 
the  Park.  It  is  reached  by  trail  from  Tuolumne 
Meadows  on  the  north,  or  from  Yosemite  Valley 
on  the  south,  by  the  trail  passing  Vernal  and 
Nevada  Falls. 

From  the  Tuolumne  Meadows  the  trail  swings 
around  Johnson  Peak  along  the  Lyell  Fork,  and 
turns  southward  up  its  valley.  Rafferty  Peak 


and  Parsons  Peak  rear  gray  heads  on  the  right, 
and  huge  Kuna  Crest  borders  on  the  left  side  of 
the  trail  for  miles.  At  the  head  of  the  valley, 
beyond  several  immense  granite  shelves,  rears 
the  mighty  group  with  Mount  Lyell,  13,090 
feet,  in  the  center,  supported  on  the  north  by 
McClure  Mountain  and  on  the  south  by  Rodgers 
Peak. 

The  way  up  is  through  a  vast  basin  of  tumbled 
granite,  encircled  by  a  rampart  of  nine  sharp, 
glistening  peaks  and  hundreds  of  spearlike  points, 
the  whole  cloaked  in  enormous  sweeping  shrouds 
of  snow.  Presently  the  granite  spurs  inclose 
you.  And  beyond  these  looms  a  mighty  wall 
which  apparently  forbids  further  approach  to 
the  mountain's  shrine.  But  another  half  hour 
brings  your  climbing  horse  face  to  face  with 
Lyell's  rugged  top  and  shining  glaciers,  one  of 
the  noblest  places  in  America. 

Merced  and  Washburn  Lakes 

The  waters  from  the  western  slopes  of  Lyell 
and  McClure  find  their  way.  through  many 
streams  and  many  lakelets  of  splendid  beauty, 
into  two  lakes  which  are  the  headwaters  of 
Merced  River.  The  upper  of  these  is  Washburn 
Lake,  cradled  in  bare  heights  and  celebrated  for 
its  fishing.  This  is  the  formal  source  of  the 
Merced.  Several  miles  below,  the  river  rests 
again  in  Merced  Lake. 

There  is  a  mountain  lodge  with  good  accom- 
modations and  service  at  Merced  Lake,  and  a 
fine  trail  leads  to  the  Yosemite  Valley  through 
glacier-polished  slopes. 

Fishing  in  these  waters  is  unusually  good. 


P  a  &  e     nineteen 


Vernal  Falls 


oices  is  heard  for  mile* 


Page     twenty 


ineling  one  of  the  giant  Sequoias 


Wild  Animals  and   Fishing 

The  Park  is  a  sanctuary  for  wild  game  of 
every  sort,  firearms  not  being  permitted.  There 
is  an  abundance  of  deer,  bear  and  smaller  fur 
animals.  The  predatory  mountain  lion  or 
cougar,  lynx,  timber  wolf,  fox  and  coyote,  are 
being  exterminated  as  rapidly  as  possible  by 
the  rangers.  Fishing  is  permitted  in  all  waters 
within  the  Park  during  the  open  season,  under 
the  State  laws  regarding  size  of  fish  and  limit. 
A  State  fishing  license  is  necessary  and  can  be 
obtained  in  Yosemite  village.  On  many  of  the 
lakes  there  are  boats  which  can  be  rented. 
The  Park  Season 

While  Yosemite  National  Park  is  open  all  the 
year,  and  the  Sentinel  Hotel,  in  the  valley,  is 
always  open  for  tourists,  the  Mariposa  Grove 
and  the  higher  elevations  are  inaccessible  except 
during  the  summer  season,  extending  from  May 
1st  to  November  1st.  In  the  spring  months 
the  waterfalls  are  seen  at  their  best,  though  even 
late  in  August,  when  the  waters  have  lowered, 
their  mist-like  filmy  beauty  is  incomparable.  In 
September  and  October  Yosemite  is  delightful. 
These  are  the  "months  of  reflection,"  when  the 
exquisite  autumnal  colorings,  and  the  light  and 
air  of  Indian  summer,  lend  their  charm  to  the 
glories  mirrored  in  mountain  lakes. 

Approaches  to  the  Park 

The  El  Portal  Entrance — The  approach 
from  Merced  by  rail  to  El  Portal,  the  western 
gateway  to  Yosemite  Park,  follows  for  over 
seventy  miles  the  picturesque  canyon  of  the 
Merced  River — once  famous  for  its  gold-bearing 
gravels,  now  for  its  speckled  trout.  Winding 
through  the  foothills,  the  scenery  each  mile  in- 
dicates, by  the  increasing  ruggedness  of  the  rock 
formations,  a  nearing  to  the  great  Sierra  Range. 
The  pines  take  on  a  greater  height,  their  stately 
outlines  appearing  against  a  mountain  back- 
ground ever  becoming  loftier.  Auto-stages 


daily  meet  incoming  trains  at  El  Portal  and  from 
there  start  on  the  fifteen-mile  drive  into  the 
heart  of  the  valley,  the  road  closely  skirting, 
beneath  shady  forests,  the  curves  and  reaches  of 
the  turbulent,  musical  stream.  Passing  under 
a  rocky  archway,  a  narrow  portal  towers  ahead, 
pinnacles  and  precipices  crowding  on  either 
side — a  fitting  introduction  to  the  wild  beauties 
beyond.  Arriving  at  Yosemite  village,  stop  is 
made  at  the  Sentinel  Hotel,  Yosemite  Camp  and 
Camp  Curry. 

The  Wawona  Entrance — At  Merced,  auto- 
stages  meet  incoming  trains  and  daily,  during 
the  summer  season,  leave  for  the  Park  over  the 
Wawona  Road.  From  the  San  Joaquin  Valley 
the  road  climbs  upwards  into  the  romantic  foot- 
hill country  that  in  Forty-Nine  was  crowded 
with  gold-seekers.  The  scenic  drive  continues  to 
Miami  Lodge,  on  the  margin  of  the  forest  over- 
looking the  valley  of  Miami  Creek.  Here  lunch 
is  had,  the  road  beyond  Miami  leading  through 
forests  that  grow  denser,  and  amid  scenery  in- 
creasing in  grandeur.  Following  a  short  detour 
to  the  south,  the  road  turns  into  the  Mariposa 
Grove  of  Big  Trees — the  southern  gateway  to  the 
Park.  After  a  stop  amidst  the  giant  trees,  the 
trip  is  continued  to  the  Wawona  Hotel,  seventy- 
four  miles  from  Merced.  Each  morning  the  auto- 
stage  starts  from  Wawona  on  the  thirty-five-mile 
drive  through  densely  forested  canyons  to  the 
hotel  and  camps  in  the  Yosemite  Valley.  The 
first  view  of  the  valley  is  had  from  Inspiration 
Point.  At  Chinquapin,  fourteen  miles  from 
Yosemite  Village,  a  road  diverges  to  the  east 
and  runs  the  same  distance  to  the  Glacier  Point 
Hotel,  on  the  summit  of  Glacier  Point. 

How  to  Reach  Yosemite  National  Park 

Yosemite  National  Park  is  reached  the  year 
'round  via  Merced  and  El  Portal,  Cal.  The 
Yosemite  Valley  Railroad  operates  daily  be- 
tween Merced  and  El  Portal,  a  distance  of 


Page     twenty-one 


Cathedral  Rocks 


Page      twenty-two 


Another  of  the  amazing  spectacles  of  Yosemite  is  the  Waterwheel  Falls  of  the  Tuolumne  River 


seventy-eight  miles,  connecting  with  auto  stages 
of  the  Yosemite  National  Park  Company  run- 
ning between  El  Portal  and  Yosemite  Valley,  a 
distance  of  fourteen  miles.  During  summer 
season  the  Park  is  also  reached  by  daily  auto- 
mobile service  of  the  Yosemite  Stage  and  Turn- 
pike Co.,  "The  Horseshoe  Route,"  operating 
between  Merced  and  Yosemite  Valley,  a  dis- 
tance of  109  miles,  via  Mariposa  Grove  of  Big 
Trees  and  Wawona  (over-night  stop),  with  side 
trip  of  twenty-eight  miles  from  Chinquapin  to 
Glacier  Point  and  return.  Another  summer 
route  is  via  El  Portal  and  Tuolumne  Big  Trees, 
("Triangle  Route"). 

Round-trip  excursion  tickets  at  reduced  fares 
are  sold  at  certain  stations  in  California  to 
Yosemite  National  Park  as  a  destination.  Pas- 
sengers wishing  to  visit  the  Park  in  connection 
with  journeys  toother  destinations  (while  en  route 
between  San  Francisco  and  Los  Angeles,  for 
example)  will  find  stop-over  privileges  available 
on  both  round-trip  and  one-way  tickets  and  may 
make  side  trip  from  Merced  to  the  Park  and  return. 

During  summer  season  the  fare  from  Merced 
to  Yosemite  village  via  El  Portal  is  $10  one  way, 
$13.50  round  trip;  via  Mariposa  Grove  and 
Wawona  it  is  $14.25  in  each  direction,  with  $5 
additional  charge  for  side  trip  to  Glacier  Point. 
Fare  from  Merced  to  Yosemite  Valley  and  re- 
turn, for  circle  tour  in  one  direction  via  El 
Portal,  and  in  the  opposite  direction  via  Wawona 
and  Mariposa  Grove,  is  $24.25.  Fare  from 
Merced  to  Yosemite  Valley  and  return  via  El 
Portal,  in  one  direction  via  Tuolumne  Big  Trees, 
is  $20.00. 

Certain  regulations  are  in  effect  for  free  stor- 
age of  baggage  at  Merced  and  other  stations  for 
actual  length  of  time  consumed  by  passen- 
gers in  making  side  trip  to  Yosemite  National 
Park.  On  baggage  checked  to  El  Portal  usual 
free  allowance  will  be  made  by  railroads.  On 
baggage  checked  through  to  Yosemite  village, 


via  El  Portal,  collection  of  $1.00  for  each  trunk 
will  be  made.  Automobile  stage  lines  will  carry 
limited  amount  of  hand  baggage  without  charge. 

Hotels,  Camps,  and  Lodges 
Sentinel  Hotel,  American  plan: 

Per  day,  each,  room  without  bath $5   00 

Per  day.  each,  room  with  bath $  6  00-      7  .  00 

Exclusive  use  of  double  room  by  one  per- 
son, additional  charge,  per  day I  .  50-      3.00 

Tub  or  shower  baths  in  detached   rooms. 

each .50 

Meal  and  lodging  rates — 

Breakfast I    00 

Luncheon I  .  25 

Dinner I    50 

Lodging I    25-      325 

Meals  served  in  rooms,  extra .50 

New  Glacier  Point  Hotel,  American  plan: 

Per  day,  each,  room  without  bath 4.00-      4    50 

Per  day,  each,  room  with  bath 5.00       8.00 

Exclusive  use  of  double  room  by  one  per- 
son, additional  charge,  per  day I  .  50-      3   00 

Tub  or  shower  baths .50 

Meal  and  lodging  rates: 

Breakfast ...          I    00 

Luncheon I    00 

Dinner 1  .00 

Lodging I    00-      5   00 

Meals  served  in  room,  extra.  .  50 

Camp  Curry,  American  Plan: 

Board  and  lodging  in  ordinary  tents  — 

Per  day.  each 3 .  50 

Per  week,  each 2300 

Per  four   weeks,  each 90  00 

Children  between  5  and  8  years,  per  day        .  225 

Between  3  and  5  years,  per  day 

Under  3  years,  per  day 1.25 

Guests  desiring  extra  tent  room  will  be 

charged  as  follows: 
Tent  for  four  people,  occupied  by  two 

people,  per  day  extra,  each I    00 

Tent  tor  two  people,  occupied  by  one 

person,  pei  day  extra I  .  00 

Extra  tent  rates  will  be  applied  only  be- 
tween June  I  and  August  I. 
Meal  and  lodging  rates: 

Breakfast 75 

Lunch 75 

Dinner I    00 

Lodging .  .  .  .          I  .  00 

Meals  sent  to  tents  or  served  out  of  meal 

hours,  extra  .  .  .25 


Page     twenty-three 


Agassiz  Column 


Page      twenty-four 


Hotels,    Camps   and    Lodges   -Cnntiitiml 
Board  and  lodging  in  bungalow  tents,  in- 
cluding bath: 

Per  day,  each $    S   0!)   $  6   00 

Per  week,  each .    33.00     400(1 

Per  four  weeks,  each I .'  >   00    I  50  00 

Tub  or  shower  baths,  each     .  ....  .35 

3  tickets  for I    00 

5  tickets  for .  .         I  .  50 

Yosemite  Camp.  American  plan: 

Per  day.  each  ..  3.50-     4.00 

Per  week,  each 23  00-  26.  50 

Per  four  weeks,  each 90.00-104.00 

Exclusive  use  of  bungalow  or  tent  by  one 


person,  additional  charge  per  day 

Tub  or  shower  baths  in  detached  rooms, 

each 

Meal  and  lodging  rates: 

Breakfast 

Luncheon 

Dinner .  . 


Lodging  .........................       I  .  00- 

Meals  served  in  tents  or  bungalows. 

extra  ................................ 

Merced  Lake  Lodge.  American  plan: 

Per  day.  each  ............................ 

Exclusive  use  of  tent  by  one  person,  addi- 

tional charge  per  day  .................... 

Tub  or  shower  baths  ...................... 

Meal  and  lodging  rates: 

Breakfast  .................................. 

Luncheon  .................................... 

Dinner  ................................... 

Lodging  .................................. 

Meals  served  in  tents,  extra  ................. 

Tenaya  Lake  Lodge.  American  plan: 

Per  day.  each  ..........................  .  ____ 

Exclusive   use  of   tent   by   one   person,   additional 

charge  per  day  ............................ 

Tub  or  shower  baths 
Meal  and  lodging  rates: 

Breakfast  ................................. 

Luncheon  ............. 

Dinner  .............  ......... 

Lodging  .................................. 

Meals  served  in  tents,  extra 


I    00 


.75 
75 

I    00 
I    50 

.25 


4  00 


.00 
50 


$1.00 

.75 

1.00 

I    50 

.50 


4  .  00 

1  .  00 
50 

1.00 
75 

1.00 

1  .  50 

50 


Swimming — There  are  swimming  pools  at  Camp  Curry 
and  Yosemite  Camp. 

Rates    for    Sight-Seeing    Automobile    Trips 

Round 
Trip 
Floor  of  Yosemite  Valley  to  Mirror  Lake,  upper  end 

of  valley  and  Happy  Isles  (time,  about  2  hours) .    $1  .  00 
Floor   of   Yosemite   Valley  to    El    Capitan,    Pohono 
Bridge,   lower  end  of  valley,  returning  via  Bridal 
Veil    Falls   and    Cathedral    Rocks    (time,  about   2 

hours) I  .  00 

Yosemite  Valley  to  Artist  and  Inspiration  Points, 
on  the  rim  of  the  valley,  including  lower  end 
of  valley  and  El  Capitan  via  Pohono  Bridge, 
returning  via  Bridal  Veil  Falls  and  Cathedral 
Rocks  (time,  about  3  hours)  .  .  3.00 


Rates  for  Automobile  Tours 

One        Round 
Way          Trip 

Between  Yosemite  Valley.  Artist  and  In- 
spiration Points,  Glacier  Point,  and 
Mariposa  Big  Trees: 
Yosemite  to  Glacier  Point $5.00 


Yosemite  to  Mariposa  Big  Trees 7    50 

Yosemite  to  Mariposa  Big  Trees  and  re- 
turn to  Glacier  Point 

Yosemite     to    Glacier    Point,     thence     to 
Mariposa     Big    Trees     and     return     to 

Yosemite 

Glacier  Point  to  Mariposa  Big  Trees.  ...       7   50 
Glacier  Point  to  Mariposa  Big  Trees  and 

return  to  Yosemite 

Between    Yosemite    Valley    and    Tuolumne 
Bie  Trees 


$7 .  50 
10  00 

10  00 

15  00 

10.00 
5.00 


Saddle  Animals  for  Riding  on  Floor  of  Valley 

Full  day $4   00 

Half  day 2.50 

Full  day  shall  consist  of  eight  hours— the  first  half  day 
to  terminate  not  later  than  12  o'clock  noon;  the  second 
half  day  to  terminate  not  later  than  6.00  p.  m.;  each  half  to 
consist  of  a  period  of  four  hours  or  less. 


Horseback  Tours  from 
Yosemite  Valley 

One 
Way 

Round 
Trip 

Number 
Required 
in  Party 

From  Yosemite  Valley  to: 

Glacier  Point,  short  trail 

$4  00 

1 

Glacier    Point    via    Vernal    and 

Nevada  Falls,  long  trail 

4.00 

I 

Glacier  Point  via  Pohono  Trail. 

returning    via    Pohono   Trail. 

short  trail  or  long  trail 

7  00 

5 

Merced  Lake.  . 

$4    00 

7  50 

Tenaya  Lake  

4  00 

7  50 

1 

Top  of  Vernal  and  Nevada  Falls 
Clouds     Rest     by     Vernal     and 

3  50 

5 

Nevada  Falls 

5  00 

5 

Eagle    Peak    via  Yosemite  Falls 

4   00 

5 

Yosemite  Falls.  . 

3.50 

5 

North   Dome  via    Mirror   Lake. 

returning  via   Yosemite  Falls 

5  00 

5 

From  Glacier  Point  to: 

Floor  of  valley,  short  trail  

2  00 

1 

Floor  of  valley  via  Nevada  and 

Vernal  Falls,  long  trail  
Floor  of  valley  via  Pohono  Trail 

3  50 
4  00 

700 

5 
5 

Sentinel  Dome  

1   00 

Ostrander  Lake  (good  fishing) 

4  00 

5 

Mariposa    Big    Trees    via    Wa- 

wona,  Peregoy  Meadows,  and 
Alder    Creek,     returning    via 

Chilnulalna    Falls   and    Mono 

Meadows     (3-day    trip 
Merced  Lake  

4  00 

15  00 
7  50 

5 
I 

Johnson  Lake  

4  00 

5 

Thr  Kis-.ii  it-                    \half  day.  . 
res  /full  day 

2  50 
3.50 

5 
5 

From  Merced  Lake  to: 

Floor  of  valley,  direct  

4  00 

1 

Floor  of  valley  via  Clouds  Rest 
Washburn  Lake  (good  fishing)  . 
Tenaya  Lake  via  Forsyth  Pass 

5.00 
4.00 

2.00 

5 
1 
1 

Tenaya  Lake  via  Vogelsang  or 
Babcock  Pass  and  Tuolumne 

Meadows  

5.00 

5 

From  Merced  Lake  to: 

Tenaya  Lake  via  Sunrise  Trail 
and  Tuolumne  Meadows.  .  .  . 

5.00 

5 

Glacier  Point  

4  00 

I 

From  Tenaya  Lake  to: 

Floor  of  valley  via  Snow  Creek 

and  Tenaya  Canyon  

4.00 

1 

Floor  of  valley  via  Forsyth  Pass 

5.00 

5 

Merced  Lake  via  Forsyth  Pass 

or    Babcock    Pass   and   Tuol- 

umne Meadows  

5  00 

5 

Merced  Lake  via  Forsyth  Pass 

4.00 

7.50 

1 

Merced  Lake  via  Sunrise  Trail 

and  Tuolumne  Meadows  .... 

5  00 

5 

McGee  Lake  

3  50 

5 

Tuolumne  Soda  Springs  
Waterwheel  Falls  

3.50 
4  00 

1 
5 

May  Lake  (good  fishing)  
Dog  Lake  (good  fishing)  
Mount   Conness   via  Tuolumne 

2  00 
3.50 

1 
1 

Meadows  

5  00 

5 

Bloody   Canyon   via   Tuolumne 

Meadows  

5  00 

5 

Ranger's  station  down   Leevin- 

ing  Canyon  (2  days)  

.  .    ... 

10.00 

5 

Rates  for  Private  Party  Camping  Trips 


Saddle  horses,  per  day,  each 

Pack  horses,  per  day,  each 

Guides,  with  horse,  per  day,  each  . 
Packers,  with  horse,  per  day.  each 
Cook,  with  horse,  per  day,  each. .  . 


$2  00  $3  00 

2  00     3  00 

5  00 

5  00 

5  00 


Rates   for  All-Expense  Camping  Tours 


1  person,  cost  per  day.  per  person  .  . 

2  persons,  cost  per  day,  per  person . 

3  persons,  cost  per  day,  per  person 

4  persons,  cost  per  day.  per  person 

5  persons,  cost  per  day,  per  person 

6  persons,  cost  per  day,  per  person 

7  persons,  cost  per  day,  per  person 

8  persons,  cost  per  day,  per  person ... 

9  persons,  cost  per  day,  per  person.  .  . 

10  persons  or  more,  cost  per  day,  per  person.. 

Above  rates  include  the  necessary  guides,  cooks,  saddle 
horses,  pack  horses,  provisions,  canvas  shelters,  cooking 
utensils,  stoves  and  bedding. 


$25  00 
15  75 
12.65 
12.40 
11.30 
10  60 
10  00 
9  70 
9  60 
9  50 


Page     twenty-five 


Some  of  the  .equoia  tree,  are  the  largest  and  the  olde«t  living  thing. 


Sentinel  Hotel.  Yosemite  Valley 
One  of  the  swimming  pools  in  Yosemite  Valley 


Glacier  Point  Hotel 
Hotel  Wawona.  near  Mariposa  Grove  of  Big  Trees 


Camping    Outfits    for   Valley    Use 

Many  tourists  prefer  to  rent  their  camping  outfits  in- 
stead of  bringing  same  with  them,  and  for  the  benefit  of 
>uch  persons  the  following  schedules  have  been  prepared, 
showing  cost  of  renting  camping  outfits  and  equipment 
'urnished. 

It  is  advisable  in  every  instance  that  tourists  desiring 
to  camp  in  the  Park  should  have  reserved  the  necessary 
equipment  before  arrival,  as  during  the  busy  season  tents 
ire  in  great  demand. 

No  charge  is  made  for  camp  sites,  which  are 
assigned  to  campers  by  the  superintendent  of  the 
Park. 

Price  List  for  Regular  Outfits  by  the  Week  and  Month 


Persons  in  Party 

One 
Week 

Two 

Weeks 

Three 
Weeks 

One 

Month 

3ne.  .  . 
Fwo    .  . 

$5.00 
7   50 

$6  50 
9  00 

$7.50 
9  50 

$8.00 
10  00 

Three  

9  00 

10  50 

11    50 

12  00 

'-'our.  .  . 
~ive  

11.00 
13  00 

12  00 
14  00 

13  00 
15  00 

14.00 
16.00 

>ix  

15.00 

16  00 

17  00 

18.00 

Hikers'  Tours 

The  hotels  and  camps  are  within  walking  distance  of 
sach  other,  for  those  accustomed  to  that  means  of  travel- 
ng.  Economical  and  comfortable  trips  can  be  made  by 
:quipping  oneself  at  the  rental  department  and  merchan- 
lise  store  in  the  valley  with  camp  outfit  and  supplies, 
md  with  pack  animal,  if  desired.  Carrying  heavy  equip- 
nent  on  a  walking  trip  robs  the  trip  of  much  of  its  pleasure, 
k  delightful  vacation  may  be  had  at  an  approximate  cost 
>f  $1  to  $2  per  day  per  person,  including  all  expense. 

Trail  Trips  from  Yosemite  Village 

1.  Yosemite  to  Wawona  by  horse  trail  via  Glacier  Point. 

Distance  twenty-five  miles. 

2.  Yosemite  to  Glacier  Point  via  short  trail,  over  Pohono 

Trail,  and  return  via  Fort  Monroe  on  Wawona  Road. 
Distance  twenty-four  miles. 

3.  Yosemite    to    Buck    Camp    by    horse    trail    via    Glacier 

Point,     and     return     via     Merced     Lake.      Distance 
seventy-eight  miles. 

4.  Yosemite  to  Tuolumne  Meadows  and  Soda  Springs  via 

road    to    Mirror    Lake,    thence    via    horse    trail    and 
Tenaya    Canyon.      Distance    twenty-four  miles. 


5.  Yosemite   to  Hetch-Hetchy    Valley   by   horse   trail   via 

Tenaya  Canyon  and  McGee  Lake.  Distance  sixty- 
two  miles.  •  • 

6.  Yosemite  to  Hetch-Hetchy  via  Yosemite  Falls,  White 

Wolf,  and  Harden  Lake.      Distance  thirty-one  miles. 

7.  Yosemite  to  Hetch-Hetchy  by  horse  trail  via  Tenaya 

Canyon,  Matterhorn.  and  Tiltill.    Distance  100  miles. 

8.  Yosemite  to  Hetch-Hetchy  by  horse  trail  via  Tenaya 

Canyon,  Smedburg,  and  Benson  Lakes.  Distance 
seventy  miles. 

9.  Yosemite  to  Soda  Springs  by  horse  trail  via  Vogelsang 

Pass.      Distance  thirty-seven  miles. 

10.  Yosemite  to  Soda  Springs.  Lyell  Fork  Meadows,  and 
Donohue  Pass,  via  horse  trail  and  Nevada  Falls. 
Distance  thirty-eight  miles. 

I  I.  Yosemite  to  Soda  Springs  by  horse  trail  via  Ynsemite 
Falls,  Eagle  Peak,  and  Yosemite  Point  Trail.  Dis- 
tance twenty-eight  miles. 

12.  Yosemite    to   North   Dome   by   horse   trail    and    return 

via  Yosemite  Point.      Distance  nineteen   miles. 

13.  Yosemite   to  Lake  Tenaya    by   horse   trail   and    return 

via  Forsyth  Pass  and  Clouds  Rest.  Distance  thirty- 
two  miles. 

14.  Yosemite    to    Merced    Lake    and    Washburn    Lake    by 

horse  trail.      Distance  twenty  miles. 

15.  Yosemite  to  Johnson  Lake  and  Buck  Camp,  via  Glacier 

Point,  Illilouette  Creek,  Buena  Vista  Creek,  and 
Royal  Arch  Lakes.  Distance  twenty-two  miles 

16.  To  Moraine   Meadows  via  Nevada  Falls.  Starr  King. 

Ottoway  Creek,  and  Merced  Pass.  Distance  twenty- 
one  miles. 

1  7.  Yosemite  to  Waterwheel  Falls  via  Tenaya  Canyon  and 
White  Cascades.  Distance  twenty-five  miles. 

18.  Yosemite  to  Ten  Lakes  via  Yosemite  Falls  and  Yo- 
semite Creek.  Distance  seventeen  miles. 


U.  S.  R.  R.  Administration  Publications 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
free  on  application  to  any  Consolidated  Ticket 
Office;  or  apply  to  the  Bureau  of  Service  National 
Parks  and  Monuments,  or  Travel  Bureau — 
Western  Lines,  646  Transportation  Building, 
Chicago,  111.: 

Arizona  and  New  Mexico  Rockies. 
California  for  the  Tourist. 
Colorado  and  Utah  Rockies. 
Crater  Lake  National  Park.  Oregon. 
Glacier  National  Park.  Montana. 
Grand  Canyon  National  Park.  Arizona. 
Hawaii  National  Park.  Hawaiian  Islands. 
Hot  Springs  National  Park.  Arkansas. 


Page      twenty-seven 


The  Maiden'*  Profile  in  Nevada  Fall* 


Page     twenty-ei^ht 


Camp  Curry,  on  the  floor  of  the  valley 


Mount  Rainier  National  Park,  Washington. 
Northern    Lakes — Wisconsin.    Minnesota,    Upper    Mich- 
igan,  Iowa  and  Illinois. 

Mesa  Verda  National  Park,  Colorado. 

Pacific  Northwest  and  Alaska. 

Petrified  Forest  National  Monument,  Arizona. 

Rocky  Mountain  National  Park,  Colorado. 

Sequoia  and  General  Grant   National   Parks,  California. 

Yellowstone  National  Park,  Wyoming,  Montana,  Idaho. 

Yosemite  National  Park,  California. 

Zion  National  Monument.  Utah. 

U.   S.   Government   Publications 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  Govern- 
ment Printing  Office,  Washington,  D.  C.,  at 
prices  given.  Remittances  should  be  by  money 
order  or  in  cash. 

Sketch  of  Yosemite  National  Park  and  an  account  of 
the  origin  of  Yosemite  and  Hetch-Hetchy  Valleys,  by  F. 
E.  Matthes.  48  pages,  24  illustrations.  10  cents. 

The  Secret  of  the  Big  Trees,  by  Ellsworth  Huntington. 
24  pages,  14  illustrations.  5  cents. 

Forests  of  Yosemite,  Sequoia,  and  General  Grant  National 
Parks,  by  C.  L.  Hill.  40  pages.  23  illustrations.  20  cents. 

Panoramic  view  of  Yosemite  National  Park,  18^2  by  18 
inches.  25  cents. 

The  National  Parks  Portfolio.  By  Robert  Sterling  Yard. 
260  pages,  270  illustrations.  Pamphlet  edition,  35  cents; 
book  edition,  55  cents. 


Altitude  of  Summits  in  Yosemite  Valley 


The  following  may  be  obtained  from  the  Director  of 
the  United  States  Geological  Survey,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Map  of  Yosemite  National  Park,  29  by  31  inches,  25 
cents  a  copy  flat;  40  cents  a  copy  folded  and  bound  be- 
tween covers. 

Map  of  Yosemite  Valley,  35   by   I5V£   inches.      10  cents. 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained  free  on 
written  application  to  the  Director  of  the  National  Park 
Service,  Washington,  D.  C.,  or  by  personal  application  to 
the  office  of  the  superintendent  of  the  Park. 

Circular  of  General  Information  Regarding  Yosemite 
National  Park. 

Glimpses  of  our  National  Parks.      48  pages,  illustrated. 

Map  showing  location  of  National  Parks  and  National 
Monuments  and  railroad  routes  th-.  reto. 

Park  Administration 

Yosemite  National  Park  is  under  the  jurisdiction 
of  the  Director,  National  Park  Service,  Depart- 
ment of  the  Interior,  Washington,  D.  C.  The 
Park  Superintendent  is  located  at  Yosemite,  Cal. 


Name 

Altitude 
Above 
Sea  Level 

Altitude 
Above 
Pier  near 
Sentinel 
Hotel 

Feet 

Feet 

Artist's  Point  

4,701 

739 

Basket  Dome  

7,602 

3.642 

Cathedral  Rocks  

6.551 

2.591 

Cathedral  Spires  
Clouds  Rest  

6.114 
9.924 

2.154 
5.964 

Columbia  Rock  

5.031 

1.071 

Eagle  Peak  

7.773 

3.813 

El  Capitan  

7.564 

3.604 

Glacier  Point  

7.214 

3.254 

Half  Dome  

8.852 

4.892 

Leaning  Tower  

5.863 

1.903 

Liberty  Cap  

7.072 

3.112 

North  Dome  

7.531 

3,571 

Old  Inspiration  Point  

6.603 

2,643 

Panorama  Point  

6.224 

2.264 

Profile  Cliff  

7.503 

3.543 

Pulpit  Rock  

4.195 

765 

Sentinel  Dome  

8.117 

4.157 

Stanford  Point  

6.659 

2.699 

Washington  Column  .  . 
Yosemite  Point  

5.912 
6.935 

1.952 
2.975 

Height  of  Waterfalls  in  Yosemite  Valley 


Altitude 

of  Crest 

Name 

Height 
of  Fall 

Above 
Sea 
Level 

Above 
Pier  near 
Sentinel 
Hotel 

Yosemite  Falls  
Middle  Yosemite  Falls.  .  . 
Lower  Yosemite  Falls  
Nevada  Falls  

Feet 

1.430 
600 
320 
594 

Feet 
6.525 

4.420 
5.907 

Feet 
2.565 

460 
1.947 

Vernal  Falls  
Illilouette  Falls  
Bridal  Veil  Falls  
Ribbon  Falls  
Widows  Tears  Falls  

317 
370 
620 
1.612 
1.170 

5.044 
5.816 
4.787 
7.008 
6.466 

1.084 
1.856 
827 
3.048 
2.506 

Page      twenty  -  n i  n  e 


Camp  Yosemite,  on  the  floor  of  the  valley 


Size  of  Big  Trees  in  Mariposa  Grove 

[All  dimensions  are  in  feet.] 


Distances    frorn^  Yosemite    Post-Office    to    Princii 
Points  in  Yosemite    Valley 


Ap- 

Ap- 

Trees 

Girth 
at 

proxi- 
mate 
Diam- 

Girth 
about 
10  Feet 

proxi- 
mate 
Diam- 

Height 

Base 

eter 

Above 

eter 
10  Feet 

at 
Base 

Ground 

Above 

ase 

Ground 

Grizzly  Giant  
Faithful  Couple.  .  . 

93 
94 

29.6 
29  9 

64.5 
63 

20.5 
20 

204 
244 

Michigan  

55   5 

17.7 

40 

12.7 

257 

Fresno  

63 

20 

38.5 

12.2 

273 

Columbia 

80.  5 

25  6 

52 

16.5 

294 

Old  Guard  (South 

Tree)  

45 

14.3 

31 

99 

244 

Lafayette  

92.5 

29.4 

53 

16.9 

273 

Nevada.  

48.5 

15.4 

35 

II.  1 

278 

General  Sherman.. 

63 

20 

41    5 

13.2 

267 

General  Grant.  .  .  . 

67 

21.3 

42 

13.4 

271 

General  Sheridan. 

76 

24  2 

51 

16.2 

263 

Philadelphia  

61.5 

19  6 

50.5 

16.1 

275 

St.  Louis  

73 

23.2 

51 

16  2 

269 

Lincoln  

72 

22  9 

54.5 

17.3 

258 

Washington  .  . 

92 

29  3 

65 

20.7 

235 

William  McKinley 

70 

22  3 

46.5 

14  8 

243 

General  Logan.  .  .  . 

76 

24  2 

49.5 

15  7 

259 

Galen  Clark 

59  5 

18  9 

47 

14.9 

238 

Pittsburgh  

53  5 

17 

41 

13 

242 

Vermont  

47 

14.9 

38 

12.1 

257 

Wawona  (26  feet 

through  opening) 

52 

J6  5 

60  5 
45.5 

19  2 
14.5 

227 
237 

Forest  Queen  

53.5 

17 

38 

12    1 

219 

Boston  

58 

18  4 

47 

14  9 

248 

Chicago  

57 

18   1 

40.5 

12  9 

223 

Whittier 

62 

19  7 

47 

14  9 

268 

Longfellow  

51.5 

16.4 

43 

13   7 

273 

Capt.  A.  E.  Wood  . 

52 

16  5 

40 

12  7 

310 

Mark  Twain  

53 

16.9 

41 

13 

331 

Mississippi  
Stonewall  Jackson  . 

54.5 
53 

17  3 
16  9 

37.5 
38.5 

11.9 
12.2 

269 
265 

Georgia  
South  Carolina..  .  . 

48 

74 

15.3 
23  5 

35 
54.5 

III 
17.3 

270 
264 

Name* 

Distance 
Miles 

Direction 

Basket  Dome  (top  of) 

9  0 

Northeast 

Camp  Curry  
Clouds  Rest 

1.0 
1  1   0 

East 

El  Capitan.  .                           

3.5 

West 

Glacier  Point 

4  5 

South 

Glacier  Point  Hotel 

4  5 

Half  Dome  (foot  of) 

3  0 

East 

2  5 

Liberty  Cap                                         .     .     . 

5  5 

•• 

3  0 

•• 

Mount  Watkins  (top  of  )  .  . 
Nevada  Falls  (594  feet)  
North  Dome  (top  of)  
Sentinel  Rock  
Tenaya  Canyon  

9.0 
6.0 
II.  0 
1.0 
4.0 
3  0 

Northeast 
West 
East 
South 

Vernal  Falls  (317  feet)  
Yosemite  Falls  (1.750  feet)  

5.0 
.5 

East 
North 

What  to  Wear 

Reasonably  warm  clothing  should  be  worn,  and  persons 
should  be  prepared  for  sudden  changes  of  weather  and 
altitude.  Good  everyday  clothes,  golf  or  bicycle  suits  are 
suitable  for  both  men  and  women  for  Park  travel.  Wear- 
ing apparel,  dry  goods,  boots,  shoes,  etc..  may  be  procured 
at  reasonable  rates  at  the  general  store  on  the  floor  of  the 
valley.  Serviceable  gloves  and  tinted  glasses  should  form 
a  part  of  one's  outfit. 


Page      thirty 


The   National   Parks  at   a   glance 


United    States    Railroad    Administration 

Director  General  of  Railroads 

For  particulars  as  to  fares,  train  schedules,  etc.,  apply  to  any  Railroad  Ticket  Agent,  or  to  any 
of   the  following  Consolidated  Ticket  Offices: 

West 


Beaumont,  Tex.,  Orleans  and  Pearl  Sts. 

Bremerton,  Wash 224  Front  St. 

Butte,  Mont 2  N.  Main  St. 

Chicago,  111 175  W.  Jackson  Blvd. 

Colorado  Springs,  Colo. 

119  E.  Pike's  Peak  Ave. 

Dallas,  Tex 112-114  Field  St. 

Denver.  Colo 601    17th  St. 

Des  Moines,  Iowa 403  Walnut  St. 

Duluth,  Minn 334  W.  Superior  St. 

El  Paso,  Tex Mills  and  Oregon  Sts. 

Ft.  Worth,  Tex 702  Houston  St. 

Fresno,  Cal J  and  Fresno  Sts. 

Galveston,  Tex. .  .  2  1st  and  Market  Sts. 

Helena.  Mont 58  S.  Main  St. 

Houston,  Tex 904  Texas  Ave. 

Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Ry.  Ex.  Bldg..  7th  and  Walnut  Sts. 


Lincoln,  Neb .  .  .  . 
Little  Rock,  Ark. 
Long  Beach,  Cal. 
Los  Angeles,  Cal . 
Milwaukee,  Wis. 


...104  N.  1 3th  St. 
...  202  W.  2d  St. 
L.A.&S.L.  Station 
.215  S.  Broadway 
99  Wisconsin  St. 


Minneapolis,  Minn. ,202  Sixth  St.  South 
Oakland,  Cal.  .  .  13th  St.  and  Broadway 

Ocean  Park,  Cal 160  Pier  Ave. 

Oklahoma  City,  Okla. 

131   W.  Grand  Ave. 

Omaha.  Neb 1416  Dodge  St. 

Peoria,  111.     .Jefferson  and  Liberty  Sts. 
Phoenix,  Ariz. 

Adams  St.  and  Central  Ave. 
Portland,  Ore.,  3d  and  Washington  Sts. 

Pueblo,  Colo 401-3  N.  Union  Ave. 

St.  Joseph.  Mo 505  Francis  St. 

St.  Louis.  Mo.     318-328  N.    Broadway 

East 


St.  Paul.  Minn.  .  .4th  and  Jackson  Sts. 

Sacramento.  Cal 801   K  St 

Salt  Lake  City.  Utah 

Main  and  S.  Temple  Sts. 
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315-17  N.  St.  Mary's  St. 

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Lick  Bldg..  Post  St.  and  Lick  Place 
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Seattle.  Wash 714-16  2d  Ave. 

Shreveport.  La.,Milam  and  Market  Sts. 

Sioux  City.  Iowa 5 10  4th  St. 

Spokane.  Wash. 

Davenport  Hotel.  815  Sprague  Ave. 
Tacoma.  Wash..  .  1117-19  Pacific  Ave. 
Waco.  Texas.  .  6th  and  Franklin  Sts. 

Whittier.  Cal L.  A.  &  S.  L.  Station 

Winnipeg.  Man 226  Portage  Ave. 


Annapolis,  Md  .  .  . 

.  54  Maryland  Ave. 

Detroit,  Mich..  .  13  W.  LaFayette  Ave.      Philadelphia.  Pa  .  . 

.  1539  Chestnut  St. 

Atlantic  City.  N.  J 

..1301   Pacific  Ave. 

Evansville.  Ind..  .     L.  &  N.  R.  R.  Bldg. 

Pittsburgh.  Pa  .  . 

Arcade  Building 

Baltimore.  Md 

B.  &  0.  R.  R.  Bldg. 

Grand  Rapids.  Mich  125  Pearl  St. 

Reading,  Pa  

16  N.  Fifth  St. 

Boston,  Mass  . 
Brooklyn.  N.  Y 
Buffalo,  N.  Y.,  Ma 

67  Franklin  St. 
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Indianapolis,  Ind.,  112-14  English  Block 
Newark,  N.J.,  Clinton  and  Beaver  Sts. 

Rochester.  N.  Y... 
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20  State  St. 
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Cincinnati,  Ohio.  . 

.6th  and  Main  Sts. 

New  York,  N.  Y  64  Broadway 

Toledo.  Ohio  

320  Madison  Ave. 

Cleveland.  Ohio.. 

1004  Prospect  Ave. 

New  York.  N.  Y  57  Chambers  St. 

Washington.  D.  C  . 

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Columbus,  Ohio  .  . 

.     .70  East  Gay  St. 

New  York,  N.  Y  3IW.  32d  St. 

Williamsport.  Pa.  . 

.4th  and  Pine  Sts. 

Dayton,  Ohio  

19  S.  Ludlow  St. 

New  York.  N.  Y  1  14  W.  42d  St. 

Wilmington.  Del  .  . 

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South 


Asheville,  N.  C.  .  . 

Atlanta,  Ga 

Augusta,  Ga 

Birmingham,  Ala  .  . 
Charleston.  S.  C 
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Chattanooga,  Tenn 
Columbia,  S.  C. 
Jacksonville,  Fla  . 

For  detailed 
National  Parks 
Chicago. 

POOLE    BROS      CHICAGO 


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Memphis,  Tenn  . 


Paducah,  Ky  . 
i.  Fla. 


600  Gay  St. 

Union  Station 

4th  and  Market  Sts. 
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60  N.  Main  St. 

Mobile.  Ala 51  S.  Royal  St. 

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information   regarding  National  Parks  and  Monuments    address  Bureau  of  Service, 
and   Monuments,    or    Travel  Bureau     Western  Lines,  646    Transportation   Bldg., 


Pensacola 
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.     .430  Broadway 
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Season     79/9 


Page      thirty-one 


The  Big  Tree  Wawona.  through  which  the  auto  road  passes,  in  the  Mariposa  Grove  of  Big  Trees 


*.  * 


UNITED  STATES  RAILROAD  ADMINISTRATION 


N  AT  I  O   N  A   L 


Wylie  Way  Camp  Neatlea  Beneath  the  Eastern  Wall— here  in  an  enchanting  nook,  beside  one  of  Zion'a  living  strea 

P a  6 «     two 


An    Appreciation    of 

/ion   National   Monument 

By  JACK  LAIT 

Written  Especially  for  the  United  States  Railroad  Administration 

ION  CANYON  is  an  epic,  written  by  Mother  Nature  in  her 
most  ecstatic  humor,  illustrated  by  Creation  in  its  most  ma- 
jestic manifestations,  published  by  God  Almighty  as  an  inspi- 
ration to  all  mankind. 

Far  from  the  foot-worn  ways  of  conventional  journeying,  its  remote 
and  intimate  preserves  unfold  to  the  traveler  whose  eye  seeks  the  extraor- 
dinary a  masterpiece  in  magnitudes,  incredible  colorings,  vastnesses  of 
those  mystic  influences  which  mark  the  earth's  contour,  and  a  haven  of 
distant  peace  beyond  the  understanding  of  him  who  has  never  entered 
the  mouth  of  Zion  Canyon,  where  the  hubbub  of  the  affairs  of  men  has 
not  yet  penetrated,  where  nature  is  so  big  that  one  may  not  think  small 
thoughts,  where  one  is  embraced  in  the  spirits  of  mystery  and  history 
and  those  fascinating  elements  untouched  by  the  rude  fingers  of  destroy- 
ing humans. 

I  spent  ten  delicious  days  and  nights  between  the  unsealed  walls  of  Zion; 
I  explored  it  over  fords  and  fallen  giant  trees  down  to  where,  between 
great,  sheer  altitudes  of  rock,  no  man  has  ever  gone  farther — the  stream 
becomes  too  deep  to  wade,  too  rocky  to  canoe,  too  narrow  to  swim.  On 
every  side  was  crude  but  marvelous  nature  in  bird  and  foliage  and  fish 
and  rock  and  running  water.  I  stood  there  and  I  gasped,  though  I  had 
become  almost  familiar  with  the  miracles  of  Zion.  I  gasped:  I  gasped  a 
prayer,  for  one  may  not  behold  what  one  beholds  there  without  know- 
ing that  there  is  a  God;  that  His  ways  are  inexplicable  to  man  and  to 
be  taken  in  faith  alone. 

Zion  Canyon  is  the  most  beautiful  spot  on  this  continent.  I  think  I 
have  seen  all  the  famed  show-places  that  the  evolution  of  the  earth's 
formation  has  made.  And  of  them  all  Zion  to  me  stands  first,  stands 
alone.  In  this  opinion  I  may  stand  alone.  But  I  saw  Zion  at  its  best,  and 
it  captured  me.  Rich  with  a  phase  of  American  history  seldom  touched 
upon  in  popular  literature,  pregnant  like  the  page  of  knowledge  with  the 
spoils  of  time,  it  gives  to  one  who  stands  within  its  magnificent  dimen- 
sions a  sounder  affection  and  admiration  for  the  courage  of  men  and  a 
more  profound  impression  of  the  wonder-works  of  God. 


Pate     three 


1 


To  the  American  People: 

Uncle  Sam  asks  you  to  be  his  guest.  He  has  prepared  for  you  the 
choice  places  of  this  continent — places  of  grandeur,  beauty  and  of 
wonder.  He  has  built  roads  through  the  deep-cut  canyons  and  beside 
happy  streams,  which  will  carry  you  into  these  places  in  comfort,  and 
has  provided  lodgings  and  food  in  the  most  distant  and  inaccessible 
places  that  you  might  enjoy  yourself  and  realize  as  little  as  possible 
the  rigors  of  the  pioneer  traveler's  life.  These  are  for  you.  They  are 
the  playgrounds  of  the  people.  To  see  them  is  to  make  more  hearty 
your  affection  and  admiration  for  America. 


Secretary  of  the  Interior 


Zion  National  Monument 


OWN  at  the  very  southern 
edge  of  Utah  lies  Zion  Na- 
tional Monument,  the  new- 
est among  the  many  scenic 
marvels  of  our  Western 
land.  Not  new  in  point  of  time  since 
its  making,  but  new  in  presentation  as 
an  attraction  for  the  traveler  and  lover 
of  the  marvelous  in  nature.  Guarded 
for  centuries  by  unconquered  barriers 
of  burning  desert  and  rugged  mountain 
crests,  this  treasure  house  of  splendors 
was  an  unknown  land. 

A  Land  of  Prehistoric  Legend 

Legend  tells  us  that,  in  unrecorded 
ages,  a  prehistoric  people  gathered 
within  its  rock  bound  amphitheatres 
to  offer  annual  ceremonials  in  adora- 
tion of  gods  now  long  forgotten.  With 
the  passing  of  these  ancient  worship- 
pers the  area  that  forms  Zion  Monu- 
ment relapsed  into  the  silence  of  its 
beginning,  a  silence  broken  only  by  the 
howl  of  the  mountain  lion,  the  bark  of 
the  coyote  or  the  challenge  of  the  stag 
as  he  hurled  defiance  to  his  rival  from 
some  jutting  point  upon  a  canyon's 
rim.  Even  among  the  later  arriving 
tribes  of  American  Indians,  Zion  was 
held  in  reverence,  none  of  these  super- 


stitious people  ever  daring  to  spend  th< 
night  within  the  portals  of  its  man: 
winding  canyons. 

Discovered  by  Mormon  Pioneers 

First  of  all  among  the  Anglo-Saxons, 
came  the  Mormon  pioneers  to  view  this 
scenic  spectacle  enacted  by  the  spirits 
of  the  gods,  staged  in  a  gigantic  setting 
of    towering    battlements    and    thrones 
of      glistening      sandstone.         Amaze< 
at    the    wonders    of    this    nook    in    th( 
heart  of  Utah's  Rockies,  these  religioi 
zealots  stood   in   awe   before   the  loft} 
pinnacles    and    crags    of   Zion    colore< 
by  streams  of  brilliant  crimson  dashe< 
against   the   faces   of   its   mighty   cliffs 
First  among  moderns  to  enter  the  gat< 
of  this  wonderland,  these  searchers  int< 
the  unknown  saw  revealed   the  handi- 
work of  the  Architect  of  the  Univei 
written    on    walls    that    tower    heaven- 
ward amidst  a  riot  of  color,  bold  and 
glorious. 

Built  by  Grind  of  Centuries 

Long  had  Zion's  pageant  been  in  th< 
making.  It  required  the  mantle 
winter's  snows,  kisses  of  summei 
brightness  and  the  grip  of  untold  au- 
tumn frosts;  building,  tinting,  smooth- 
ing, breaking,  to  bring  about  a  perf< 


Page     four 


EJ  Gobernador — Great  White  Mountain  of  Zion.  which,  flanked  on  either  side  by  towering  peaks,  stands  out  as  one  of 
the  most  striking  gems  in  this  array  of  scenic  grandeur. 

Pa  fie    /JV9 


—a  gigantic  amphitheater  shut  in  by  t 
rise  two  thousand  feet  above  its  floor. 


tion  in  this  maze  of  splendor  destined 
to  charm  countless  mortals  with  its 
weird  sublimity. 

Opening  of  the  Way 

For  years  following  the  coming  of 
the  Mormons,  this  gem  among  Ameri- 
ca's wonders  was  but  rarely  visited. 
Now,  placed  among  our  nation's  cher- 
ished and  protected  playgrounds,  Zion 
has  finally  come  into  its  own.  The 
way  is  open  to  you.  Modern  service 
furnished  by  roads  of  steel,  allied  with 
the  distance-defying  motor  car  and  the 
building  of  good  highways,  has  ren- 
dered all  this  possible.  Zion's  story 
cannot  be  told — it  must  be  seen.  Its 
portals  thrown  open  that  you  may 
enter,  bid  you  come.  Towering 
thrones,  sculptured  by  the  winds  and 
rains,  gleam  in  coral  and  in  gold  and 
bid  you  a  welcome  to  the.  shrine. 

A   National  Monument 

Zion  National  Monument  was  cre- 
ated and  added  to  America's  list  of 
playgrounds  on  March  18,  1918. 

An  area  of  76,800  acres  was  includ- 
ed in  the  territory  set  aside  to  form 
this  Monument  and  within  its  bound- 
aries are  located  formations  of  such 


unique  colorings  as  to  vie  in  attractive- 
ness with  those  of  any  other  among 
our  several  National  Parks. 

Zion  Canyon  is  located  in  the  south- 
ern part  of  Utah,  its  rugged  and  broken 
acres  forming  the  clefts  and  crannies 
among  the  southern  spurs  of 
Wasatch  range  of  mountains. 

Zion's  Wondrous  Diversity 

First  among  Zion's  wonders  is 
absolute  diversity.  With  every  turn 
the  visitor  is  confronted  by  a  picture 
differing  totally  from  those  he  has  al- 
ready viewed.  Next  come  the  woi 
drous  colorings  that  have  rightful 
caused  the  naming  of  this  giganl 
gorge,  "Yosemite  done  in  oils." 

Within  the  Monument  there 
several  canyons,  each  one  different  in 
character  and  color,  at  the  same  time 
presenting  features  seen  in  no  other 
section  of  America. 

There  are  cliff  dwellings,  telling  the 
story  of  a  home  life  among  vanished 
races. 

There  are  spots  where  legend  local 
places  of  worship  dedicated  to  the  ril 
of  heathen  deities. 


Page    six 


There  are  thousands  of  unblazed 
trails  reaching  out  into  the  towering 
cliffs  where  the  daring  mountaineer 
may  find  hazard  and  the  geologist  new 
formations  to  puzzle. 

There  are  unsolved  problems  of 
earth's  writhing  and  upheaval  when 
time  was  young. 

Everywhere  are  vistas  that  defy  the 
talent  of  the  artist  to  rightfully  portray, 
for  the  whole  Monument  is  one  great 
riot  of  brilliant  color  and  the  fantastic 
picturing  of  nature. 

An  Artist's  Paradise 

Such  artists  as  Moran,  Knight,  Del- 
lenbaugh,  Culmer  and  Fairbanks  have 
penetrated  its  gorges  and  brought 
forth  studies  from  which  paintings  have 
been  developed  that  have  astonished 
the  critics.  Yet  when  others  followed 
these  artists  into  this  practically  un- 
known canyon  they  returned  with  re- 
ports that  the  weird  and  brilliant  col- 
oring of  these  paintings  told  but  half 
the  story  of  Zion's  grandeur. 

Other  explorers,  among  them  Mr. 
William  H.  Holmes,  at  that  time  head 
curator  of  the  National  Museum,  and 


Major  Powell,  visited,  described  and 
made  drawings  of  Zion's  wonders,  but 
so  far  was  the  canyon  removed  from 
the  regular  paths  of  travel,  that  it  re- 
mained a  "terra  incognita"  until,  by 
means  of  the  railroad  and  auto  high- 
ways, its  attractions  were  placed  within 
reach  of  the  traveler.  Motor  cars  now 
roll  into  the  very  heart  of  Zion's  beau- 
ties and  deposit  their  passengers  at  the 
doors  of  a  "Wylie"  camp,  the  proto- 
type of  those  comfortable  resorts  which 
welcome  visitors  in  the  Yellowstone. 

A  Highway  of  Romance 

The  opening  of  Zion  has  been  ac- 
complished through  the  efficiency  of 
Utah's  good  roads. 

In  combination  with  road  construc- 
tion carried  on  by  the  National  gov- 
ernment, these  state  roads  have  pene- 
trated a  section  of  country  that  will 
rapidly  take  its  place  with  the  Yosemite, 
the  Yellowstone  and  Glacier  Park  as 
one  of  America's  scenic  marvels. 

The  story  of  this  highway  is  romantic 
in  itself,  for,  away  back  in  the  days 
when  our  West  was  in  swaddling 


Looking  down  into  Zion  from  its  eastern  wal'— from  this  point  of  vantage  one  of  the  most 
glorious  v  stas  of  the  Canyon  meets  the  eye. 


P a  £ e     seven 


ZION 
NATIONAL  MONUMENT  __ 

UTAH  | 

! 


Location  of  natural  features  and 
elevations  are  approximate. 


Automobile  Roads 
Trails 


Spnlncda 


NATIONAL 
I        _  V^MONUMENT 


P  a  £  e     eight 


clothes,  Brigham  Young  first  conceived 
the  good  road  plans  that  were  carried 
out  so  many  decades  later.  President 
Young  was  among  the  earlier  visitors 
to  Zion's  wonders  and  to  him  fell  the 
christening  of  the  great  central  cleft, 
around  which  are  clustered  the  other 
gems  of  the  Monument.  This  canyon 
so  impressed  him  that  he  gave  it  the 
name  of  "Zion." 

First  of  all  to  be  discovered  in  this 
great  area  of  attractions  was  this  Zion 
Canyon,  which  has,  for  years,  caused 
wonder  and  amazement  on  the  part  of 
the  few  people  who  have  braved  the 
hazard  of  rough  travel  and  meager 
accommodations  in  order  to  view  the 
splendor  of  this  practically  unknown 
land. 

Where  the  Motor  Conquers  Distance 

By  the  automobile  route  now  es- 
tablished, Zion  is  just  an  even  hundred 
miles  from  the  railroad  station  of  Lund, 
Utah. 

The  auto  drive  is  made  in  less  than 
seven  hours,  with  a  stop  for  luncheon 
at  Cedar  City,  a  most  attractive  little 
community  nestled  under  the  shadows 
of  the  southern  spur  of  the  Wasatch 
Mountains,  which  really  marks  the 
northern  boundary  of  the  area  of  which 
Zion  is  the  leading  feature. 

All  along  the  way  the  traveler  faces 
the  range  which  gradually  rises  in  his 
path,  its  color  slowly  changing  from 
the  deep  purple  of  distant  effects  to  the 
solid  greys  of  the  country  rock  splashed 
with  vivid  tintings  of  red  and  yellow 
sandstone,  the  whole  softened  by  the 
varied  green  of  scattered  cedars  and 
widespread  areas  of  chaparral  and 
mesquite. 

It  is  a  most  pleasant  introduction  to 
a  land  of  mountain  wonders  where 
every  mile  shows  a  vista  differing  en- 
tirely from  the  last. 

From  Cedar  City  the  route  follows 
the  historic  state  highway. 

Rim  of  an  Historic  Sea 

About  twenty  miles  to  the  south 
the  road  tips  over  the  rim  of  the  great 


intermountain  basin,  over  which  the 
waters  of  prehistoric  Lake  Bonneville 
spread. 

The  road  is  flanked  with  towering 
mountains  that  shut  in  fertile  valleys, 
green  with  growing  crops. 

Here  the  rim  of  the  basin  is  known 
as  the  "Black  Ridge"  and  the  rock 
formation  gives  truth  to  this  title  where 
the  road  winds  down  through  the  rocky 
gorge  leading  into  Utah's  "Dixie." 

Seventy-five  miles  from  the  railroad 
brings  the  traveler  to  the  valley  of  the 
Rio  Virgin,  which  here  breaks  out  of 
a  grim  canyon  where  it  has  cut  its  way 
through  the  walls  of  what  science 
terms  the  most  marvelous  "fault"  in  all 
the  world's  geological  record. 

There  certainly  was  some  tremen- 
dous break,  for  when  the  earth's  sur- 
face was  riven  by  a  gigantic  disturb- 
ance, that  portion  west  of  what  is 
known  as  the  Hurricane  Fault,  dropped 
a  full  two  thousand  feet,  leaving  the 
eastern  area  a  great  suspended  mesa 
with  an  edge  ragged  as  a  ripsaw,  and 
overlooking  a  stretch  of  country  ex- 
tending far  over  into  Nevada  and  Ari- 
zona. 

A  Glimpse  at  Utah's  "Dixie" 

In  Rio  Virgin  Valley  grow  the  fa- 
mous "Dixie"  peaches,  the  fig,  the  pom- 
egranate, almond  and  the  walnut;  in 
fact,  everything  that  characterizes  semi- 
tropic  America  save  the  citrus  fruits. 

Blessed  with  the  richest  of  soil  ac- 
companied by  an  abundance  of  water 
for  irrigation,  and  just  lately  brought 
into  close  touch  with  markets  by  means 
of  good  roads  and  the  perfection  of 
auto  trucks,  this  semi-tropic  Utah  is 
coming  back  into  the  prosperity  that 
marked  its  earlier  years  when  its  cotton 
fields  supplied  the  intermountain  com- 
munities and  its  vineyards  furnished 
grapes  and  wines. 

With  a  sharp  tuin  to  the  east  the 
highway  climbs  over  the  rim  of  the 
great  fault,  following  the  south  bank 


Page    nine 


Towers  of  the  Virgin — distant  view  of  one  of  Zion's  scenic  gems. 


of  the  waterway,  where  the  state  road 
leads  through  the  little  towns  of  Virgin 
City  and  Rockville.  Here  we  reach 
the  confluence  of  two  creeks  that  form 
the  head  waters  of  the  Rio  Virgin. 

One  of  these  creeks,  called  the  Par- 
unuweap,  flows  from  the  east,  while  its 
sister  stream,  known  as  the  Mukuntu- 
weap,  comes  straight  down  from  the 
north,  like  a  crystal  chain,  and  links 
rocky  temples  with  green  bottom  lands 
and  frowning  narrows. 

The  Western  Temple 

Long  before  we  reach  the  northward 
turning  point,  the  great  divide  which 
marks  the  western  boundary  of  Zion 
Canyon  has  loomed  before  us,  and  we 
are  attracted  by  a  massive  pile  that 
throws  its  summit  four  thousand  feet 
above  the  valley's  floor.  As  the  lower- 
ing sun  strikes  this  great  mountain,  its 
western  side  is  illumined  in  a  hundred 
tints  and  colors  ranging  from  greyish 
white  to  the  deep  red  of  the  great  sand- 
stone crown  that  caps  its  summit. 

From  its  pictures  we  recognize  the 
peak  which  the  Mormon  leader  titled 
the  "West  Temple  of  the  Virgin." 


A  turn  northward  shows  that  this 
superbly  colored  mount  marks  the 
eastern  side  of  Zion's  portal  and  any 
question  concerning  the  reason  for  its 
christening  is  dispelled  by  the  grandeur 
of  its  wondrous  formation  and  the  mar- 
vel of  its  colorings.  It  is  truly  a  natural 
temple. 

Nowhere  in  all  the  world  can  there  be 
found  a  more  striking  facade  than 
forms  the  east  front  of  this  weird  moun- 
tain and,  in  conjunction  with  the  array 
of  peaks  and  dome-like  summits,  that 
flank  it  on  the  north. 

At  Zion's  Portal 

Across  the  canyon  and  forming  its 
eastern  portal,  rises  another  mountain 
of  like  formation  carrying  a  duplicate 
of  the  great  sandstone  cap.  This  is 
known  as  the  "East  Temple,"  and, 
though  second  to  its  western  sister  in 
magnificence,  it  stands  as  a  fitting  in- 
troduction to  Zion's  glories. 

One  of  Zion's  strange  formations  is 
in  the  shape  of  a  natural  bridge,  that 
stands,  like  a  great  bow  with  either  end 
anchored  to  a  rocky  base,  overlooking 
the  chasm  created  by  an  erosion  that 


Page    ten 


left  this  ribbon  of  rock  hanging  high  in 
air. 

A  backward  glance  against  the  west- 
ern sky  shows  a  formation  that  outlines 
a  human  face  cut  cameo-like  upon  the 
canyon's  wall. 

Legendary  lore  has  construed  this 
face  to  be  that  of  a  famous  chief  who, 
after  passing  on,  was  transformed  into 
the  guardian  of  the  canyon's  portal. 

Into  Zion's  Depths 

On  into  Zion's  depths  the  highway 
leads,  passing  on  the  right  the  Three 
Brothers,  and  entering  the  Court  of 
the  Patriarchs,  where  another  trio  of 
gigantic  pyramids  tower  in  vari-colored 
grandeur. 

Winding  beside  the  foaming  stream 
the  road  climbs  over  a  slight  divide  and 
passes  out  onto  a  broad  meadow,  from 
the  eastern  border  of  which  rises  a 
dome,  rightly  christened  the  Mountain 
of  the  Sun,  since  its  great  white  sum- 
mit is  first  illumined  by  the  morning 
rays  and  through  a  break  in  the  western 
wall  receives  the  final  touch  of  depart- 
ing light. 

At  the  base  of  this  glittering  sun 
mountain,  is  located  the  canyon  camp 
where  are  clustered  inviting  tent  houses, 


grouped     about    a    social    center    with 
amusement  and  dining  halls. 

Among  the  Trails  of  Zion 

With  another  day  comes  a  journey- 
ing by  horseback  or  on  foot,  to  a  hun- 
dred places  of  vantage. 

There  is  a  trip  to  where  the  lumber 
is  brought  from  the  canyon's  rim  on  a 
cable  that  carries  its  load  down  nearly 
three  thousand  feet. 

On  the  way  is  passed  a  huge  peak, 
cut  to  a  flat  table  on  its  summit  and 
towering  over  three  thousand  feet 
above  the  canyon  floor.  Its  chalk-like 
strata,  in  sharp  contrast  to  the  reds 
and  browns  that  surround  it,  brings 
this  splendid  mountain  out  in  clear  re- 
lief. Its  name  is  El  Gobernador. 

Across  the  canyon  and  in  an  elbow 
of  the  creek,  rises  a  mountain,  closely 
resembling  El  Gobernador  in  every- 
thing but  color;  this  western  pile,  titled 
The  Angel's  Landing,  is  in  deep  reds 
and  deeper  browns. 

Farther  to  the  north  are  fields  for 
most  interesting  exploration  covering 
the  Zion  narrows,  where  the  canyon 
shrinks  so  that  the  little  creek  covers 
its  floor  from  wall  to  wall. 


On  Zion's  Western  Rim- 


showing  the  depth  of  one  of  the  Monument's  peculiar  canyons. where  the  brilliant  colorings  of 
the  lower  altitudes  have  given  way  to  rocks  of  chalky  white. 

Page    eleven 


The  Eastern  Temple — one  of  the  two  mountains  which,  on  either  side,  flank  the  southern  portal, 
and  become  at  sunset  one  of  Zion's  most  impressive  features. 


Mystic  Temple  of  Sinawava 

Up  at  the  narrows'  portal  lies  a  great 
circular  amphitheatre,  with  walls  over 
two  thousand  feet  in  height. 

Though  moderns  have  attempted  to 
give  to  this  rock  bound  circle  a  twen- 
tieth century  name,  it  will  stand  forever 
as  the  Temple  of  Sinawava,  or  the 
place  of  worship  for  the  greatest  of 
Indian  gods,  whom  legend  declared 
was  here  venerated  in  days  before  his- 
tory first  told  a  story  of  our  continent. 

Trails  lead  from  the  floor  to  the  rim 
of  the  canyon  and  the  ardent  explorer 
may  find  thousands  of  unblazed  path- 
ways upon  which  to  invest  his  energy. 
In  fact,  Zion  is  the  heart  of  a  great 
country  filled  with  curious  formations. 

One  of  the  interesting  side  journeys 
is  a  climb  to  the  canyon's  eastern  rim, 
made  either  on  foot  or  by  mule  back. 

It  is  only  by  taking  a  climb  upward 
to  where  the  ragged  sky  line  joins  the 
blue,  that  the  massive  grandeur  of  this 
canyon  can  be  realized.  The  trail  is 
not  particularly  hard  and  the  reward 
is  well  worth  the  effort. 

At  the  end  of  the  trail,  a  point  is 
reached  where  the  canyon  may  be 
viewed  in  two  distinct  directions,  for 
under  the  point,  the  great  gorge  swings 


almost  at  right  angles  with  its  southern 
stretch. 

Glories  of  Zion's  Sunrise 

The  best  results  of  this  journey  to 
the  eastern  rim  are  secured  by  making 
the  climb  in  the  afternoon  and  remain- 
ing "on  top"  for  the  glories  of  the  next 
sunrise. 

With  the  first  coming  of  the  dawn, 
the  Mountain  of  the  Sun  springs  out  in 
dazzling  whiteness.  In  vivid  contrast, 
the  great  vermilion  cap  on  the  Western 
Temple  emerges  from  the  gloom  and 
stands  silhouetted  against  the  sky, 
while,  far  below,  the  canyon's  depths 
are  still  sunk  in  deepest  shadow. 

The  gradual  transformation  of  the 
western  wall  from  velvet  darkness  to 
great  splashes  of  vivid  colors  is  a  change 
so  weird,  so  impressive,  that  it  lingers 
distinctly,  when  the  other  features  of 
Zion  are  but  a  memory. 

To  the  west  of  Zion  Canyon  lies  an- 
other great  break  among  these  old  piles 
of  picture-rocks.  This  western  canyon 
has  never  been  officially  named  and 
its  visitors  have  been  few. 

Differing  entirely  from  Zion  Canyon 
in  coloring  and  formation,  the  western 
gorge  can  be  viewed  only  from  the 
highest  vantage  points. 


Page     twelve 


To  Zion's  Western  Rim 
There  are  several  passes  through 
which  trails  will  be  eventually  cut  so 
that  ,the  western  canyon  may  be 
reached  directly  from  Zion's  floor, 
but  at  present,  a  journey  back  to  the 
westward  and  up  the  great  plateau 
that  separates  Zion  from  the  western 
canyon  is  necessary,  if  the  traveler 
would  know  its  beauties.  This  is  a 
trip  of  three  or  four  days. 

It  will  take  years  to  develop  trails 
to  all  the  unique  corners  of  the  Zion 
region.  Not  that  they  are  inaccessible, 
but  because  they  are  a  comparatively 
recent  discovery. 

Not  half  a  score  of  people  have  ever 
passed  through  the  length  of  Zion,  and 
there  are  branches  of  the  several  can- 
yons through  whose  network  the  foot 
of  man  has  never  trod. 

Zion's  Prehistoric  Dwelling 

A  short  and  most  interesting  side 
trip,  requiring  but  one  day  from  the 
Wylie  Camp,  is  to  the  cliff  dwellings, 
located  in  the  Parunuweap  Canyon, 
seven  miles  above  the  confluence  of 
the  two  creeks.  High  on  the  north 
wall  of  the  canyon  some  of  these  well 
denned  dwellings  are  located,  with 
their  walls  standing.  The  rocky  arch- 
way forming  the  roof  of  the  community 


dwelling,  has  strange  sign  paintings  in 
a  long  lost  language,  still  undecipher- 
able. 

In  different  locations  within  the 
monument's  limits  are  several  other 
specimens  of  these  prehistoric  dwellings, 
and  as  the  traveler  to  Zion  develops 
in  curiosity  these  relics  of  an  unrecorded 
people  will  be  thoroughly  examined 
and  their  long  hidden  secrets  given  to 
the  world. 

Season 

It  is  probable  that  Zion  National 
Monument  will  ultimately  become  an 
all-year  attraction  for  the  tourist,  but 
for  the  present  the  season  is  May  15, 
to  November  1 .  At  this  season  the 
weather  is  at  its  best  with  bright  de- 
lightfully clear  sunshiny  days  and 
nights  cool  enough  to  make  blankets 
necessary. 

Transportation  and  Accommodations 

Zion  National  Monument  may  be  reached 
via  the  railroad  stations  of  Lund,  Utah,  or 
Mlarysvale,  Utah.  From  Lundy  Utah  the 
National  Park  Transportation  Company  op- 
erates auto  stages  daily  during  the  season 
to  Wylie  Camp  in  Zion  Canyon,  leaving 
Lund  about  10:00  A.  M.  and  arriving  at  the 
Camp  at  5:00  P.  M.  Returning  auto  stages 
leave  Wylie  Camp  at  9:00  A.  M.  and  arrive 
Lund  6:00  P.  M.  Stops  are  made  at  Cedar 
City,  in  each  direction,  for  lunch. 


A  nook  in  Zion's  western  wall,  flanked  on  its  northern  side  by  three  mountains  of  unique  formation.      To  these  mountains 
the  Mormon  pioneers  gave  the  Biblical  title  of  The  Three  Patriarchs. 


P  a  &  e     thirteen 


Section  of  Zion's  Brilliantly  Colored  Western   Wall — splashes  of  vivid  red  characterize  these  formations 


Wylie  Camp  consists  of  central  social  and 
dining  halls,  and  substantially  constructed 
sleeping  tents  of  wood  and  canvas,  each 
accommodating  from  two  to  four  persons, 
The  tents  are  sanitary;  have  sound  board 
floors,  frames,  windows  and  doors;  contain 
regular  beds  and  are  heated  as  may  be  neces- 
sary. Hot  and  cold  water  is  provided. 

The  cost  of  ticket  including  auto  stage 
transportation  Lund  to  Wylie  Camp  and  re- 
turn, lunch  enroute  in  each  direction,  two 
nights'  lodging  and  five  meals  at  Wylie  Camp, 
is  $26.50.  For  additional  time  at  Wylie 
Camp  the  rate  is  $  1 .00  for  each  meal  and 
$1.00  for  lodging;  weekly  rate  $24.00, 
American  plan. 

Special  automobile  trips  from  the  Camp 
to  points  within  the  Canyon,  may  be  made 
at  rate  of  75c  per  hour  for  each  passenger, 
with  minimum  charge  of  $3.00  per  hour. 

Saddle  horses  are  furnished  at  the  rate 
of  $3.00  per  day  and  mounted  guides  at 
$4.00  per  day. 

Splendid  trout  and  bass  fishing  is  within 
short  distance  from  the  camp. 

Camp  wagons  and  equipment  for  extended 
side  trips  may  be  secured  at  Wylie  Camp. 

The  National  Park  Transportation  Com- 
pany and  Wylie  Camp  are  operated  by  W.  W. 
Wylie — address:  Springdale.  Utah. 

Administration 

Zion  National  Monument  is  under  the  juris- 
diction of  the  Director,  National  Park  Service, 
Department  of  the  Interior,  Washington,  D.  C. 
The  Custodian  of  the  Monument  is  located  at 
Springdale,  Utah. 


U.   S.   Government   Publications 

The  following  publication  may  be  obtained 
from  the  Superintendent  of  Documents,  Gov- 
ernment Printing  Office,  Washington,  D.  C., 
at  price  given.  Remittances  should  be  by 
money  order  or  in  cash. 

National    Parks   Portfolio,    by   Robert  Sterling   Yard,    260 

Kges,   270  illustrations,   descriptive  of  nine   National 
irks.      Pamphlet    edition,    35    cents;    book    edition, 
55  cents. 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
free  on  written  application  to  the  Director  of 
the  National  Park  Service,  Washington,  D.  C. 

Glimpses  of  our  National  Parks.      48  pages,  illustrated. 
Map   showing    location    of    National    Parks    and    National 
Monuments,   and   railroad   routes   thereto. 

U.  S.  R.  R.  Administration  Publications 

The  following  publications  may  be  obtained 
free  on  application  to  any  consolidated  ticket 
office;  or  apply  to  the  Bureau  of  Service.  Na- 
tional Parks  and  Monuments,  or  Travel  Bureau 
-Western  Lines.  646  Transportation  Building, 
Chicago,  111. 

Arizona  and  New  Mexico  Rockies 

California  for  the  Tourist 

Colorado  and  Utah  Rockies 

Crater  Lake  National  Park.  Oregon 

Glacier  National  Park,  Montana 

Grand  Canyon  National  Park,  Arizona 

Hawaii  National  Park,  Hawaiian  Islands 

Hot  Springs  National  Park.  Arkansas 

Mesa  Verde  National  Park,  Colorado 

Mount  Rainier  National  Park.  Washington 

Northern  Lakes — Wisconsin.  Minnesota,  Upper  Michigan, 

Iowa,  and  Illionois 
Pacific  Northwest  and  Alaska 
Petrified  Forest  National  Monument.  Arizona 
Rocky  Mountain  National  Park.  Colorado 
Sequoia  and  General  Grant  National  Parks.  California 
Yellowstone  National  Park,  Wyoming.  Montana,  Idaho 
Yosemite  National  Park,  California 
Zion  National  Monument,  Utah 


Page    fourteen 


PACIFIC    OCIAH 
THE   HAWAIIAN    ISLANDS 


The  National  Parks  at  a  Glance 


United     States 


For  particulars  as  to  fares, 
to  any  of 


Austin  Tex  ........  521  Congress  Ave. 

Beaumont,  Tex.,  Orleans  and  Pearl  Sts. 
Bremerton,  Wash  .......  224  Front  St. 

Butte.  Mont  ........         ?  N.  Main  St. 

Chicago.  111.  .  .....  179  W.  Jackson  St. 

Colorado  Springs,  Colo. 

I  1  9  E.  Pike's  Peak  Ave. 
Dallas.  Tex  .........  1  12-1  14  Field  St. 

Denver.  Colo  ............  601    17th  St. 

Des  Moines.  Iowa  .....  403  Walnut  St. 


Railroad      Administration 
Director  General  of  Railroads 

train  schedules,    etc.,   apply   to   any   Railroad   Ticket   Agent,    or 
the  following   Consolidated  Ticket  Offices. 

West 

Lincoln.  Neb. .  .  . 
Little  Rock.  Ark. 


Duluth,  Minn. 
El  Paso.  Tex  .  . 
Ft.  Worth.  Tex 
Fresno.  Cal. .  .  . 
Galveston,  Tex 
Helena,  Mont.  .  .  . 
Houston,  Tex .... 
Kansas  City,  Mo. 

Ry.  Ex.  Bldg.,  7th  and  Walnut  Sts. 


334  W.  Superior  St. 
Mills  and  Oregon  Sts. 
......  702  Houston  St. 

.  .  .  .J  and  Fresno  Sts. 

.21st  and  Market  Sts. 
.......  58  S.  Main  St. 

.  .  .904  Texas  Ave. 


Annapolis,  Md 54  Maryland  Ave. 

Atlantic  City.  N.  J.    .  1301  Pacific  Ave. 
Baltimore.  Md. .      B.  &  O.  R.  R.  Bldg. 

Boston.  Mass 67  Franklin  St. 

Brooklyn.  N.  Y 336  Fulton  St. 

Buffalo.  N.  Y..  Main  and  Division  Sts. 
Cincinnati.  Ohio.  .  .  .6th  and  Main  Sts. 

Cleveland.  Ohio 1004  Prospect  Ave. 

Columbus.  Ohio 70  East  Gay  St. 

Dayton,  Ohio 19  S.  Ludlow  St. 


I04N.  13th  St. 
..202W.2dSt. 
Long  Beach.  Cal. .  L.  A.  &  S.  L.  Station 

Los  Angeles.  Cal 221  S.  Broadway 

Milwaukee.  Wis 99  Wisconsin  St. 

Minneapolis.  Minn., 202  Sixth  St.  South 
Oakland.  Cal. .  .  13th  St.  and  Broadway 
Ocean  Park.  Cal..  Pacific  Elec.  Station 
Oklahoma  City.  Okla. 

131  W.  Grand  Ave. 

Omaha,  Neb 1416  Dodge  St. 

Peoria,  111.  .  .Jefferson  and  Liberty  Sts. 
Phoenix,  Ariz. 

Adams  St.  and  Central  Ave. 
Portland,  Ore..  3d  and  Washington  Sts. 

:  Pueblo.  Colo 401-3  N.  Union  Ave. 

;  St.  Joseph.  Mo 505  Francis  St. 

i  St.  Louis.  Mo..  3  1 8-328  North  Broadway 
|  St.  Paul.  Minn.  .  .4th  and  Jackson  Sts. 

East 


.801  KSi. 


Sacramento.  Cal 
Salt  Lake  City.  Utah 

Main  and  S.  Temple  Sts. 
San  Antonio.  Texas 

315-17  N.  St.  Mary'.  St. 
San  Diego.  Cal  ........  300  Broadway 

San  Francisco.  Cal  50  Post  St. 

San  Jose.  Cal..  I  stand  San  Fernando  Sts. 
Seattle.  Wash  .........  714-16  2d  Ave. 

Shreveport.  La..MiIam  and  Market  Sts. 
Sioux  City.   Iowa  .........  510  4th  St. 

Spokane.  Wash. 

Davenport  Hotel.  815  Sprague  Ave 


Tacoma.  Wash.  . 
Waco.  Texas.  .  . 
Whittier.  Cal 
Winnipeg.  Man 


1117-19  Pacific  Ave. 
6th  and  Franklin  Sts. 
L.  A.  &  S.  L.  Station 
226  Portage  Ave. 


Detroit.  Mich.  .  .  13  W.  LaFayette  Ave. 
Evansville.  Ind.     .  L.  &  N.  R.  R.  Bldg. 
Grand  Rapids.  Mich  125  Pearl  St. 
Indianapolis.  Ind..  1  12-14  English  Block 
Montreal,  Que  238  St.  James  St. 
Newark,  N.  J.,  Clinton  and  Beaver  Sts. 
New  York.  N.  Y  64  Broadway 
New  York.  N.  Y  57  Chambers  St. 
New  York.  N.  Y  31  W.  32  St. 
New  York.  N.  Y  1  14  W.  42d  St. 

Philadelphia.  Pa.        1539  Chestnut  St. 
Pittsburgh.  Pa  Arcade  Building 
Reading.  Pa  16  N.  Fifth  St. 
Rochester.  N.  Y  20  State  St. 
Syracuse.  N.  Y  355  So.  Warren  St. 
Toledo.  Ohio  320  Madison  Ave. 
Washington.  D.  C         1229  F  St.  N.  W. 
Williamsport.   Pa.  .    4th  and   Pine  St«. 
Wilmington.  Del  905  Market  St. 

Asheville.  N.  C 

Atlanta,  Ga 

Augusta.  Ga 

Birmingham.  Ala. .  . 
Charleston.  S.  C.  .  . 
Charlotte.  N.  C.... 
Chattanooga.  Tenn . 

Columbia.  S.  C 

Jacksonville.  Fla. 


14  S.  Polk  Square 
.  74  Peachtree  St. 

811  Broad  St. 

2010  1st  Ave. 

.  Charleston  Hotel 
.223.  TryonSt. 
.  .  .817  Market  St. 
.  /Arcade  Building 
.38  W.  Bay  St. 


South 


ih.  Ky 430  Broadway 

i.  Fla. 


Lexington,  Ky Union  Station 

Louisville,  Ky  ....  4th  and  Market  Sts. 

Lynchburg.  Va 722  Main  St. 

Memphis.  Tenn 60  N.  Main  St. 

Mobile.  Ala 5 1  S.  Royal  St. 

Montgomery  Ala Exchange  Hotel 

Nashvile. Ten. .Independent  Life  Bldg. 

NewOrleans.La St.  Charles  Hotel 

Norfolk  Va Monticello  Hotel 

For  detailed  information  regarding  National  Parks  and  Monuments  address  Bureau  of 
Service,  National  Parks  and  Monuments,  or  Travel  Bureau — Western  Lines,  646  Transportation 
Bldg.,  Chicago.  

SEASON     1919  RATHBUN-GRANT- HELLER  CO..  CHICAGO  -      Pa&O       fifteen 


Knoxville.  Tenn 600Gay  St. 


Padi 

Pensacola.  Fla SanC  arlos  Hotel 

Raleigh.  N.  C 305  LaFayette  St. 

Richmond.  Va 830  E.  Main  St. 

Savannah.  Ga 37  Bull  St. 

Sheffield.  Ala Sheffield  Hotel 

Tampa.  Fla HilUboro  Hotel 

Vicksburg.  Miss.  .1319  Washington  St. 
Winston-Salem.  N.  C  .  .  236  N.  Main  St. 


Angels  Landing — the  glorious  pile  of    brilliant  color  is   brought  into  Striking   contrast 
by  being  situated  directly  across    from  El  Gobernador. 


: 

I  1  1 1 ! 


ii 


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I 


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ill 


: 


